Anterior locking plate reduces trochanteric fracture migrations during hip extension

Background

Greater trochanter fractures or osteotomies fixed with lateral plates still present high rates of complications. Unblocked greater trochanter anterior movement during hip extension might be a possible cause of failure. This study aimed to determine, under stair climbing conditions, the biomechanical behaviour of a greater trochanter fragment and the impact of an anterior locking plate on its migration.

Methods

Eighteen femurs paired from nine fresh frozen cadaveric specimens were tested on a quasi-dynamic stair climbing cycling test bench. Left and right sides with greater trochanter fractures were randomly fixed either with an antero-lateral locking plate or with a lateral locking plate. Migrations, defined as the remaining movements of the unloaded greater trochanter fragment, were measured for all 18 femurs.

Findings

During hip extension, multi-directional greater trochanter fragment movements occurred and showed a back-and-forth anterior rotation. The lateral locking plate failed due to greater trochanter fragment rotation around the superior axis and anterior translation. The antero-lateral locking plate significantly reduced greater trochanter anterior migration (− 0.9 mm ± 1.6) compared to the lateral locking plate (9.6 mm ± 9.5).

Interpretation

Hip extension provides a plausible explanation for the high rate of post-operative failures of greater trochanter fixations. An antero-lateral locking plate represents an efficient surgical alternative counteracting the multi-directional greater trochanter movements occurring during hip extension.     

肾衰竭患儿腹膜透析管置入术及并发症临床分析

目的探索并完善儿童腹膜透析管的置入方法,减少术后并发症,提高透析效益。方法回顾性分析2015年1月~2018年12月北京大学第一医院儿童外科行儿童腹膜透析管置入术病例,分析总结手术方法、效果及术后并发症。结果共51例纳入本研究,依据置管术方式不同分为大网膜未切除组23例、大网膜部分切除组28例。未切网膜组采用经腹直肌内潜行置管手术方法,术后堵管5例,堵管率21.74%(5/23);大网膜部分切除组经腹直肌内潜行置管,并切除部分大网膜,术后无堵管病例,无二次手术病例,2组比较存在统计学差异(χ~2=6.749,P=0.009)。全部51例患者无术后感染病例。结论经右侧腹直肌潜行置管并切除部分大网膜,术后并发症明显减低,减少患儿多次手术痛苦,利于腹膜透析治疗顺利进行。     

Strategies for the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas and how to achieve zero mortality for pancreaticoduodenectomy

Although various therapeutic modalities are available for carcinoma of the pancreas, “curative resection” is the most important. Thus, the aim of surgery for carcinoma of the pancreas is local complete resection of the carcinoma. Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas invades through the pancreatic parenchyma, following the arteries, veins, and especially nerves between the parenchyma and fusion fascia, and then spreads horizontally toward the superior mesenteric artery or celiac axis. We suggest techniques for resection of the extrapancreatic nerve plexus in the head of the pancreas during a Whipple procedure for carcinoma of the pancreas, from the perspective of surgical anatomy and pathology, to achieve “curative resection”. We suggest that: (1) en-bloc resection of the right side of the superior nerve plexus and the first and second nerve of the pancreatic head should be performed. With this technique, it is possible to avoid cutting these nerves. It is easy to perform this procedure, as follows. First, the superior mesenteric artery and vein are encircled with tape. Next, the superior mesenteric artery should be moved to the right side of the superior mesenteric vein under this vein. In addition, (2) the entire cut end of the nerve plexus should be investigated during the operation, using frozen specimens, and confirmed to be negative for cancer. If the cut end is positive for cancer, additional resection of the nerve plexus should be performed to achieve curative resection. It is impossible to completely determine whether the cut end of the nerve plexus is positive or negative for carcinoma after surgery, because the cut end is long and some specimens are deformed by formalin fixation; thus, it is difficult to identify the true surgical cut end. With regard to reconstruction, we perform a modified Child method with pancreaticojejunostomy (end-to-side), choledochoduodenostomy (also end-to-side), and gastrojejunostomy with Braun’s anastomosis. The greater omentum is set around the pancreaticojejunostomy to prevent pancreatic juice from spreading in the abdomen. Careful management of the intraabdominal drainage tubes after the operation is crucial. With the operative procedure and postoperative controls described above, operative mortality was zero in 114 consecutive patients in our series who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for portal vein replacement: Use of omentum wrap to promote graft healing

This study was designed to reexamine the healing process of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) grafts with standard porosity (30μm) and high porosity (60μm) in portal vein replacement, and to evaluate the effect of an omentum wrap, which has certain functions that promote healing, on graft healing. These grafts, either wrapped by the omentum or not, were placed as portal vein replacements in 24 mongrel dogs. After 1 month, the grafts were retrieved and examined for patency, thrombus-free areas, thickness of the pseudointima, and the total number of cells growing into the graft wall. There were no statistical differences in the patency rates. The high-porosity grafts had a significantly larger thrombus-free area, a thicker pseudointima, and a larger growth of cells than the standard-porosity grafts. The omentum wrap significantly increased the thrombus-free area and stimulated a larger growth of cells in both grafts. The high-porosity grafts plus omentum demonstrated a thrombus-free area of 82.2%vs 27.3% in the standard-porosity grafts. In addition, the migration of fibroblasts and macrophages was most evident in the high-porosity grafts wrapped by the omentum. In conclusion, graft healing enhancement was observed in the high-porosity EPTFE grafts wrapped by the omentum. It is thus suggested that transmural cellular migration plays an important role in the process of graft healing.     

Omental Transfer for the Treatment of Mediastinitis in an Infant

Mediastinitis following congenital heart surgery is relatively uncommon but is usually seen in the setting of postoperative low cardiac output. Conservative treatment utilizing debridement and irrigation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We report the successful application of the omental transfer technique in the treatment of mediastinitis in a 6 month old.     

旋股外侧血管升支臀中肌支大转子骨瓣转移的应用解剖

目的　为带旋股外侧血管升支臀中肌支大转子骨瓣转移治疗股骨头缺血性坏死提供解剖学依据。　方法　在 3 2侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的下肢标本上 ,对旋股外侧血管升支臀中肌支的走行及分布进行观察 ,设计带旋股外侧血管升支臀中肌支大转子骨瓣转移治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的手术方法。　结果　臀中肌支是旋股外侧血管升支在阔筋膜张肌肌门处向后上的分支 ,一部分分支向臀中肌止点方向走行 ,成网状分布于大转子尖端的上面和外侧面。臀中肌支起点外径为 (1 0± 0 3 )mm ,一般有 2支 ,起点至大转子止点长度为 (4 0± 1 3 )cm ,距离升支起点距离为 (4 9± 0 8)cm ,手术切取的骨瓣范围可达 1 5cm× 2 5cm× 1 5cm。　结论　旋股外侧血管升支臀中肌支大转子骨瓣转移 ,可以为股骨头提供丰富的血运 ,是一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死简便、微创及有效的方法。     

Laparoscopic management of acute torsion of the omentum in adults.

BACKGROUND: Acute torsion of the greater omentum is a rare cause of acute abdomen in adults. We report our experience on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of this condition. METHOD: This is a retrospective review of 9 patients who had a clinicopathologic diagnosis of acute torsion of the greater omentum and were treated at the Department of Surgery, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital from January 1994 to March 2004. Eight patients were male and 1 was female with a median age of 43 years (range, 24 to 65). Median body mass index was 24 kg/m(2) (range, 22 to 24). All presented with acute abdominal pain with a median temperature of 36.8 degrees C (range, 36.5 to 37.2) and a median white cell count of 9.5 x 10(9)/L (range, 7.4 to 15.1 x 10(9)). Preoperative ultrasound was done in 5 patients. RESULTS: All diagnoses were made during surgery. Resection of the infarcted omentum was performed for all patients (5 laparoscopic resections and 4 open resections). No postoperative complications occurred. The overall median time from admission to operation was 23 hours (range, 2 to 98). The overall median operating time and postoperative stay were 70 minutes (range, 38 to 105) and 3 days (range, 1 to 6), respectively. The median oral and parenteral analgesic requirement for postoperative pain control was less and the median hospital stay was shorter in patients who underwent laparoscopic resection. CONCLUSION: Acute torsion of the greater omentum is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen in adults, and preoperative diagnosis is usually difficult. Laparoscopy seems a safe and minimally invasive technique for both diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease entity.     

Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation with bilateral fractures of the greater tuberosity: A case report

Bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulders with fractures of both greater tuberosities is very rare. A 76-year-old woman sustained a bilateral anterior dislocation of her shoulders with fractures of the greater tuberosity on both sides after a fall on stairs. Her arms were abducted and externally rotated. Radiological examination revealed the bilateral anterior dislocation and also the bilateral fractures of the greater tuberosity. Prompt closed reduction followed by a 3 weeks immobilization and subsequent rehabilitation allows a good outcome. Results at one-year follow-up were satisfactory with normal range of motion and no redislocations occurring. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation associated with fractures of both greater tuberosities in elderly woman.     

腹腔镜下大网膜移位修补膀胱阴道瘘16例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜下大网膜移位修补膀胱阴道瘘的可行性及效果. 方法 回顾性分析2007年7月至2011年7月收治16例膀胱阴道瘘患者的资料.年龄34 ～ 72岁,平均48岁.病史1个月～30年,其中子宫术后并发症15例,节育环穿孔所致l例.16例均为单个瘘口,痿口直径＜1 cm者13例,＞1 cm者3例.瘘口位于阴道壁14例,位于宫颈处2例.16例均行经腹腔路径腹腔镜下大网膜移位局部填塞+常规膀胱阴道瘘分层缝合修补瘘口. 结果 16例手术均获成功,手术时间120～175 min,平均150 min;术中出血量50～300ml,平均120 ml;术后住院6～10d,平均8.5d;尿管留置14～21 d,平均17 d.无肠道损伤等严重并发症.术后随访3～45个月,平均23个月.治愈14例,好转l例,失败l例. 结论 腹腔镜下大网膜移位修补膀胱阴道瘘具有损伤小、痛苦轻、效果较肯定等特点,大网膜局部填塞和精细的分层缝合是手术要点.