Gli-1蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的　探讨Ｇｌｉ-１蛋白在非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）组织中的表达情况及临床意义。方法　应用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测６５例ＮＳＣＬＣ组织及其癌旁组织中Ｇｌｉ-１蛋白的表达,并结合患者的临床资料进行分析。结果　在ＮＳＣＬＣ组织中Ｇｌｉ-１蛋白阳性表达率为７６.９２％（５０／６５）,高于相应癌旁组织的２０.００％（１３／６５）,差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＝０.０００）。Ｇｌｉ-１蛋白阳性表达率与ＮＳＣＬＣ患者的组织学分级、临床分期和年龄有显著的相关性（Ｐ＜０.０５）。结论　Ｇｌｉ-１可能在ＮＳＣＬＣ的进展中起重要作用,其蛋白表达可以作为一项临床诊断的重要指标。     

Hedgehog信号通路与Snail在肝癌细胞系中的表达及意义

目的 探讨Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路在各种肝癌细胞系中的表达及其与Snail蛋白的关系.方法 用RT-PCR检测了Hh信号通路分子Shh、Ihh、Ptch-1、Smo、Gli-1、Gli-2、Gli-3 mRNA在4种肝癌细胞系HepG2、Hep3B、SMMC-7721、Huh-7和永生化肝细胞系L02中的表达情况,应用Western blot检测了Snail蛋白在SMMC-7721和L02细胞中的表达差异.结果 RT-PCR结果显示Hedgehog信号通路分子mRNA在肝癌细胞株中呈高表达,并以Shh信号为主;Gli-2在SMMC-7721细胞中表达最显著,而在正常肝细胞株L02中表达最弱,两者差异显著(P<0.01).Snail蛋白在SMMC-7721细胞中的表达显著高于L02细胞(P<0.05),且与Gli-2的表达呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 Hh信号通路可能通过Gli-2上调Snail的表达,增强肝癌细胞增殖力和侵袭力,促进肝细胞癌的发生和发展.     

SHH和Notch及其下游信号分子在人子宫内膜癌组织的表达与临床意义

目的:探讨SHH,Notch信号通路和其下游信号分子Gli-1、Hes-1在人子宫内膜癌的表达及意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学方法检测37例正常人子宫内膜、增生内膜和子宫内膜癌中SHH、Notch信号的表达,同时采用RT-PCR方法检测上述新鲜组织中Gli-1、Hes-1的表达。结果:子宫内膜增生组和子宫内膜癌组SHH、Notch的表达均强于正常组(P<0.05)。正常组和子宫内膜增生组Gli-1的表达类似,在子宫内膜癌组表达较低;正常组和子宫内膜增生组Hes-1的表达类似,在子宫内膜癌组表达升高。经随访,本研究选取的病例现均存活。结论:SHH和Notch表达与子宫内膜癌的发生密切相关,Gli-1和Hes-1主要参与子宫内膜癌的进展变化,但可能作用不同。     

siRNA-Gli-1联合BCNU影响胶质瘤细胞U251增殖和凋亡

 目的:　体外实验中,Gli-1基因的RNA干扰片段(siRNA-Gli-1) 联合化疗药物卡莫司汀（BCNU）抑制Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路,观察其对人脑胶质瘤U251细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨产生这种作用的机制。方法:　U251细胞按处理方式不同分为5组: BCNU组（BCNU）、SiRNA-Gli-1组（SiRNA-Gli-1）、联合组（siRNA-Gli-1 + BCNU）、空转组（转染试剂）和空白组（细胞培养液RPMI1640）。U251细胞转染siRNA-Gli-1, RT-PCR和Western blotting检测Gli-1表达状态以及siRNA-Gli-1联合BCNU对Hh通路下游因子Bcl-2、CyclinD1和Bax表达的影响;MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率、流式细胞仪检测细胞周期、Annexin V法检测细胞凋亡,观察siRNA-Gli-1联合BCNU对U251细胞增殖能力的改变。结果:　siRNA-Gli-1组和联合组中Gli-1表达较其他三组下降明显;与空白组和空转组相比, BCNU组、siRNA-Gli-1组和联合组细胞凋亡率增加, 细胞周期阻滞在G0 /G1 期, S期减少;Bcl-2、CyclinD1表达显著下降,Bax蛋白表达增加或无变化,联合组表现最明显,P均< 0. 05。结论: siRNA-Gli-1联合BCNU可明显抑制胶质瘤U251细胞的增殖,该作用与抑制Hh信号通路中Gli-1及下游因子Bcl- 2、CyclinD1和Bax表达有关,通过阻滞细胞周期、增强Bax和抑制Bcl-2表达的机制来实现。     

Expression Patterns of Gli-1, Pleckstrin Homology-Like Domain,Family A,Member 1, Transforming Growth Factor-β1/β2, and p63 in Sebaceous and Follicular Tumors

Background

Certain epidermal appendage tumors, including hyperplasias (hamartomas), adenomas, benign epitheliomas, primordial epitheliomas, and malignant tumors, can exhibit any stage of differentiation. Several molecules associated with tumorigenesis, such as Gli-1, pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 (PHLDA-1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, and p63, are associated with tumor grade and aggressive behavior in follicular and sebaceous tumors in ways that are not well understood.

Objective

The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression of Gli-1, PHLDA-1, TGF-β1/β2, and p63 in benign and malignant tumors of the hair and sebaceous glands and to determine their importance in the degree of tumor differentiation.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was performed in follicular and sebaceous tumors using antibodies against Gli-1 (sebaceous tumor marker), PHLDA-1 (hair follicle outer root sheath [ORS] cell marker), p63, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2.

Results

Gli-1 was expressed in basaloid cells, sebocytes, and sebaceous carcinoma cells, and expression levels decreased as differentiation progressed. PHLDA-1 was expressed in ORS cells and some follicular tumor cells. Expression of p63 was observed in the nuclei of the outermost basaloid cells (seboblasts), poorly differentiated sebaceous carcinoma cells, and tumor cells toward the direction of the hair. Remarkably, TGF-β1 was expressed exclusively in the nuclei of benign and malignant follicular (hair) tumors, but not in sebaceous tumors, at levels that correlated with the degree of differentiation.

Conclusion

We propose that p63 and/or TGF-β1 are useful for predicting the degree of differentiation and malignant potential of sebaceous and follicular tumors and for distinguishing trichilemmal carcinoma from sebaceous carcinoma.     

Hedgehog signal activation in oesophageal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

The zinc finger protein glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (Gli-1) is a critical component of the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, which is essential for morphogenesis and stem-cell renewal, and is dysregulated in many cancer types. As data were not available on the role of Gli-1 expression in oesophageal cancer progression, we analysed whether it could be used to predict disease progression and prognosis in oesophageal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Among 69 patients with histologically confirmed oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs), 25 showed a pathological complete response after preoperative CRT. Overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis, distant metastasis, and CRT, and was further correlated with the absence of both Gli-1 nuclear expression and residual tumour. All patients with Gli-1 nuclear expression (10.1%) had distant or lymph-node metastasis, and six out of seven died within 13 months. Furthermore, patients with Gli-1 nuclear-positive cancers showed significantly poorer prognoses than those without (disease-free survival: mean DFS time 250 vs 1738 months, 2-year DFS 0 vs 54.9%, P=0.009; OS: mean OS time 386 vs 1742 months, 2-year OS 16.7 vs 54.9%, P=0.001). Our study provides the first evidence that Gli-1 nuclear expression is a strong and independent predictor of early relapse and poor prognosis in ESCC after CRT. These findings suggest that Hh signal activation might promote cancer regrowth and progression after CRT.     

Acupuncture combined with moxibustion promote the recovery of spinal cord injury in correlation with Shh/Gli-1 signaling pathway

Objective: Acupuncture combined with moxibustion (AM) therapy has been applied to treat spinal cord injury (SCI), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to confirm the effect and mechanism of AM treatment on the recovery of SCI.Design: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish the SCI model by impact method. SCI rat models were subjected to AM treatment at Dazhui (GV14) and Jiaji points (T7-T12), Yaoyangguan (GV3), Zusanli (ST36) and Ciliao (BL32).Outcome measures: Motor function and cell apoptosis in rats after SCI. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Shh and Gli-1 were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry.Results: After AM treatment, the hindlimb motor function of SCI rats was significantly increased than the SCI group at 7, 9, 11, 14 days (P < 0.05). AM treatment 7 d and 14 d significantly preserved the nissl-stained positive neurons and significantly decreased number of apoptotic cells, compared to that of SCI 7 and 14 d groups (P < 0.05). AM treatment improved the mRNA protein levels of Shh and Gli-1 after 7 and 14 days treatment compared to the SCI group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: AM could improve the expression of Shh and Gli-1 in injured spinal cord of rats. That could be part of underlying mechanisms of AM treatment including recover motor function and preserve the neuron cells and alleviate the apoptosis of nerve cells in rats after SCI.     

Gli-1 siRNA induced apoptosis in Huh7 cells

AIM： To investigate the effects of Gli-1 small interference RNA （siRNA） on Huh7 cells, and the change of Bcl-2 expression in Huh7 cells. METHODS： Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh7 were used. Cell viability was analyzed by 3-（4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. The expressions of Gli-1 and Bcl-2 family members were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis was detected by Flow cytometry using propidium iodide, measured by Hoechst 33258 staining using Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy and caspase-3 enzymatic assay. Cell growth was analyzed after treatment with Gli-1 siRNA and 5-fluorouracil （5-Fu）. RESULTS： Inhibition of Gli-1 mRNA in Huh7 cells through Gli-1 siRNA reduced cell viability. Gli-1 siRNA treatment also induced apoptosis by three criteria, increase in the sub-G1 cell cycle fraction, nuclear condensation, a morphologic change typical of apoptosis, and activation of caspase-3. Gli-1 siRNA was also able to down-regulate Bcl-2. However, Gli-1 siRNA resulted in no significant changes in Bcl-xl, Bax, Bad, and Bid. Furthermore, Gli-1 siRNA increased the cytotoxic effect of 5-Fu on Huh7 cell. CONCLUSION： Down-regulation of Bcl-2 plays an important role in apoptosis induced by Gli-1 siRNA in HCC cells. Combination Gli-1 siRNA with chemotherapeutic drug could represent a more promising strategy against HCC. The effects of the strategies need further investigation in vivo and may have potential clinical application.     

Gli抑制剂GANT61对肺癌细胞生长的抑制作用

目的 研究GANT61对人肺癌细胞H1703和A549生长抑制作用,并探讨其作用机制。方 法 培养H1703和A549细胞,加入不同浓度GANT61 72 h后MTS法检测药物对细胞生长的抑制率;Western blot法观察GANT61作用于H1703和A549细胞后对Gli1和Gli2蛋白表达的影响。Transwell侵袭实验观察GANT61作用于H1703和A549细胞后对侵袭能力的影响。结果 MTS显示GANT61作用于H1703和A549的IC50值分别是8.6 μmol/L和8.2 μmol/L,GANT61对H1703和A549细胞有明显的生长抑制作用并且呈剂量依赖性。Western blot显示GANT61可显著下调H1703和A549细胞Gli1和Gli2蛋白的表达。Transwell侵袭实验显示GANT61处理组H1703和A549细胞的侵袭能力均明显下降。结论 GANT61可以明显抑制H1703和A549的细胞活力和侵袭能力,这表明Hedgehog通路的Gli1和Gli2在肺癌的发生和发展中起着重要作用,Gli有望成为新的抗肿瘤靶点。