不同浓度人参皂甙Rd对次声性脑损害的保护

目的观察次声对大鼠记忆功能的影响及不同剂量人参皂甙Rd对其脑损害的治疗作用。方法通过Y型电迷宫训练将成绩相近的SD大鼠随机分为5个组，除正常对照组以外均接受16Hz 130dB的次声作用gh／d。3个药物组在次声作用前3d开始分别给予不同剂量（30mg／kg、10mg／kg、2mg／kg）的人参皂甙Rd。次声作用7d后再次评定每组大鼠的迷宫成绩，并用单链DNA（Single-stranded DNA，ssDNA）免疫标记法检测海马内ssDNA（凋亡细胞）数。结果与正常对照组相比单纯次声组大鼠学习记忆功能下降、标记的ssDNA阳细胞数明显增多（P〈0．05）；与单纯次声组相比人参皂甙（30mg/kg、10mg／kg组）有明显的保护作用，减轻了学习记忆功能下降，ssDNA阳性细胞数明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论16Hz 130dB次声可引发大鼠海马损伤、细胞凋亡、记忆功能减退，人参皂甙可明显减轻这些损害。     

急性低氧条件下复氧后大鼠脑HIF-1α、nNOS蛋白的表达与人参皂甙Rd干预

目的观察大鼠脑缺氧状态下缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、神经元性一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)蛋白的表达规律及低氧状态下人参皂甙Rd(Rd)干预对其影响并探讨机理。方法将成年Wistar大鼠120只随机分为3组:①急性低氧组(对照组);②低氧预处理组(低氧干预组);③人参皂甙Rd预处理组(药物干预组)。每组按照缺氧后不同时间点再分为4个亚组,各亚组10只大鼠,分别观察各组大鼠海马锥体细胞层神经元形态的变化及HIF-1α、nNOS蛋白的表达规律。结果在缺氧后复氧即刻,我们可以发现HIF-1α、nNOS蛋白的少量表达,主要存在于海马细胞,多在细胞质中表达;随着时间的推移,在复氧后4 h,HIF-1α、nNOS表达渐达高峰,至复氧后9h HIF-1α表达明显减少,而nNOS表达至复氧后24 h明显减少。低氧预处理组及人参皂甙Rd预处理组的实验结果发现HIF-1α、nNOS表达较对照组减少,与急性低氧组各时间点相比,均有统计学意义(P=0.009)。两个干预组之间各时间点比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论急性低氧可以促使HIF-1α、nNOS蛋白在大鼠海马神经细胞的表达,具有时间依赖性;同时低氧预处理及人参皂甙Rd预处理均可促使大鼠脑组织HIF-1α、nNOS表达减少,可能对急性缺氧性脑损伤产生保护作用,其具体机理可能与其抗自由基、抑制Ca2+内流有关     

人参皂苷单体Rb1、Re及Rg1对肾上腺素所致小鼠耳廓微循环障碍的改善作用

目的：观察人参皂苷单体Rb₁、Re及Rg₁对肾上腺素所致小鼠耳微 循环障碍的影响。方法：昆明种小鼠40只分为4组（每组10只）,对照组、人参皂苷单体Rb₁组、人参皂苷单体Re组及人参皂苷单体Rg₁组。除对照组外,各组按10 mg•kg^-1•d^-1腹腔注射给药一次,对照组腹腔注射同体积的生理盐水。连续给药4 d,末次给药30 min时将小鼠固定于微循环观测分析系统显微镜下,观测小鼠正常及腹腔注射盐酸肾上腺素(1 mg•kg^-1)10、20和30 min时小鼠耳廓微血管的管径、血流速度及毛细血管交叉网开放数目。结果：与对照组比较,人参皂苷单体Re组及Rg₁组小鼠在腹腔注射盐酸肾上腺素(10、20和30 min)小鼠耳廓微血管管径均明显扩张(P<0.05 或 P<0.01),微血管血流速度均明显加快(P<0.05 或 P<0.01),微血管交叉网开放数目均明显增加(P<0.05);Re组与Rg₁组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。人参皂苷Rb₁组对肾上腺素所致微循环障碍无显著影响。结论：人参皂苷单体Re及Rg₁对肾上腺素所致小鼠微循环障碍具有明显的改善作用。     

HPLC法测定三七中人参皂苷Rg1和三七皂苷R1的含量

目的：建立HPLC测定三七中人参皂苷Rg1和三七皂苷R1含量的方法。方法：色谱条件为：C18柱，流动相为乙腈-0．05％磷酸溶液(21．5：78．5)，UV检测波长为203nm。结果：此方法线性关系良好，平均加样回收率分别为人爹皂苷Rg199．54％和三七皂苷R1101．40％(n=6)。结论：本方法分离良好，结果准确可靠。     

Anti-lung cancer effects of novel ginsenoside 25-OCH3-PPD

20(S)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20-triol (25-OCH₃-PPD), a newly identified natural product from Panax notoginseng, exhibits activity against a variety of cancer cells. Herein, we report the effects of this compound on human A549, H358, and H838 lung cancer cells, and compare these effects with a control lung epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. 25-OCH₃-PPD decreased survival, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in the lung cancer cell lines. The P. notoginseng compound also decreased the levels of proteins associated with cell proliferation and cell survival. Moreover, 25-OCH₃-PPD inhibited the growth of A549 lung cancer xenograft tumors. 25-OCH₃-PPD demonstrated low toxicity to non-cancer cells, and no observable toxicity was seen when the compound was administered to animals. In conclusion, our preclinical data indicate that 25-OCH₃-PPD is a potential therapeutic agent in vitro and in vivo, and further preclinical and clinical development of this agent for lung cancer is warranted.     

大七厘散质量标准的研究

目的建立大七散的质量标准。方法采用高效液相色谱法对大七厘散中的主要成分人参皂苷Rg1进行定量分析,λ=203nm;同时对制剂中其他主要药材大黄、冰片、当归尾进行薄层鉴别。结果能准确对大黄、冰片、当归尾进行定性鉴别;人参皂苷Rg1在0．5710-4．2840ug范围呈良好线性关系。结论本方法快速、简便、准确、重现性好。     

西洋参叶中 20（s）-人参皂苷-Rh1，-Rh2和人参皂苷-Rh3的分离与鉴定

 目的:从西洋参叶中分离、鉴定20(s)-人参皂苷-Rh₁,-Rh₂和人参皂苷-Rh₃,为了深入研究它们的生理活性,方法:以水提取,用多孔树脂吸附,再以体积分数为95%的乙醇洗脱,最后以硅胶柱层析分离。通过理化性质及IR,NMR光谱等方法测定,鉴定其结构。结果:共分得3个化合物,经鉴定后分别证明为20(s)-人参皂苷-Rh₁,-Rh₂,和人参皂苷-Rh₃。结论:人参皂苷-Rh₃为首次从西洋参叶中分离获得。     

HPLC测定三子降酶胶囊中三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1含量

目的：建立HPLC测定三子降酶胶囊中三七皂苷R。和人参皂苷Rg,的含量。方法：色谱柱ZorbaxSB—C18（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈一水梯度洗脱系统,流速为1．0mL·min-1,检测波长为203nm,柱温为25℃,进样量为10μL。结果：三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg。分别在7．9～126．4μg·mL-1,25．6-409．6μg·mL-1线性关系良好。三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg。平均回收率分别为98．43％,99．01％,RSD分别为1．7％,1．4％。结论：本方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于三子降酶胶囊的质量控制。     

The protective effects of ginsenosides on human erythrocytes against hemin-induced hemolysis.

Panax ginseng has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance stamina and capacity to deal with fatigue and physical stress. Many reports have been devoted to the effects of ginsenosides on many in vitro or in vivo experimental systems. The major aim of this work is to investigate the protective effects of 12 individual ginsenosides including Rb1, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rh1, Rh2, R1 and pseudoginsenoside F11, together with the central structures of aforementioned ginsenosides, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PD) and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PT), on hemin-induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes. This is because hemin can induce hemolysis by accelerating the potassium leakage, dissociating skeletal proteins and prohibiting some enzymes in the membrane of erythrocyte. Thus, the structure-activity-relationship (SAR) between ginsenosides and protective effects has been screened in this in vitro experimental system. It is found that Rh2 and Rg3 intensify hemolysis in the presence of hemin, and initiate hemolysis even in the absence of hemin. All the other ginsenosides protect human erythrocytes against hemin-induced hemolysis more or less. The overall sequence is Rc>Rd>Re approximately Rb1>Rg1 approximately Rh1>Rb3 approximately Rg2 approximately R1 approximately F11 approximately PT. In addition, the protective effects of PD and PT have been detected, and found that PD promotes hemolysis appreciably, whereas PT protects erythrocytes efficiently. Moreover, the protective effects of PT ginsenosides are similar to PT itself, and the protective effects of PD ginsenosides vary remarkably, demonstrating that the positions of the sugar moieties make the protective activities of ginsenosides complicated. Especially, sugar moiety at 20-position is critical for PD ginsenosides to inhibit hemolysis, whereas hydroxyl group at 3-position is important for PT ginsenosides. The present result may be useful for understanding the SAR of ginsenosides.     

人参皂苷Re对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾功能及ATP酶的影响

目的探讨人参皂苷Re对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾脏的影响。方法30只Wistar大鼠分为假手术组、模型组和治疗组,每组10只。观察人参皂苷Re对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤肾功能和肾脏组织Na＋-K＋-ATP酶、Ca2＋-ATP酶的影响。结果模型组大鼠Scr、BUN急剧上升,与假手术组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,治疗组Scr、BUN显著下降,与模型组比较有明显差异（P〈0.01,0.05）;模型组肾脏组织Na＋-K＋-ATP酶和Ca2＋-ATP酶的活性显著低于假手术组（P〈0.01）,人参皂苷Re可提高Na＋-K＋-ATP酶和Ca2＋-ATP酶的活力（〈0.05）。结论人参皂苷Re可以改善肾脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾功能,其机制与保护肾脏钠泵和钙泵功能有关。