中国人参茎叶皂甙对大鼠行为的影响

人参茎叶皂甙５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ灌胃给大白鼠，每天１次，连续７天，于末次给药后１ｈ，采用主动回避反应；被动回避反应；分辨学习等训练方法对受试物进行研究，结果表明人参茎叶皂甙对正常大鼠学习、记忆过程仅有微弱易化作用。通过探索行为研究表明，人参茎叶皂甙明显增加每个训练日大白鼠第１分钟探索活动次数并加速探索活动的适应。对电休克大鼠短期记忆障碍有明显改善作用。     

益智健身精治疗老年呆病临床观察

对１６５例老年呆病临床观察，结果经统计学处理，益智健身精与脑复康在总体疗效上基本一致。但益智健身总有效率８８％。较脑复康８０％为高。特别是对患者精神、体力、思维、记忆和增进智能等方面作用均优于脑复康。治疗组１１０例分别服药１￣２月未出现任何毒副反应，有推广价值。     

兔血清与脑脊液5HT含量的实验研究

本文报道了同时测定兔血清与脑脊液中5-羟色胺(5HT)的实验结果。我们测定了10只兔的正常值,血清为4.219±0.784μg/ml,脑脊液为34.42±6.76ng/ml。研究生理状态下兔血清和脑脊液5HT含量关系。结果表明两者间无正相关性(r=0.059)。又观察了给L-色氨酸和人参皂甙后两者含量的变化。L-色氨酸按20mg/kg腹腔注射,30分钟后取血和脑脊液测定。结果血清和脑脊液5HT含量均增高,即呈正相关关系。人参皂甙的给药是按60mg/kg腹腔注射,连续给药6天后取血和脑脊液,测得其脑脊液5HT增高,血清5HT降低,即呈负相关关系。     

立枯灵防治人参立枯病试验报告

用立枯灵防治人参立枯病,防治效果在80～95％之间,可以在生产中取代五氯硝基苯和敌克松。     

人参组织培养中生长素自养型愈伤组织的获得和IAA含量测定初报

在人参组织培养过程中,通过逐步驯化获得生长素自养型愈伤组织,其生长和次生代谢产物—人参皂甙的积累,与长期生长在各种不同吲哚乙酸(IAA)浓度培养基上的愈伤组织都很相近。用气相色谱—电子捕获检测器(ECD—GC)对其愈伤组织中IAA的含量进行定量分析,发现生长素自养型愈伤组织及其它生长在不同IAA浓度之培养基上的愈伤组织内含有IAA的量均在1000ng/FWg数量级。     

Pharmacological action ofPanax Ginseng on the behavioral toxicities induced by psychotropic agents

Morphine-induced analgesia has been shown to be antagonized by ginseng total saponins (GTS), which also inhibit the development of analgesic tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine. GTS is involved in both of these processes by inhibiting morphine-6-dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the synthesis of morphinone from morphine, and by increasing the level of hepatic glutathione, which participates in the toxicity response. Thus, the dual actions of ginseng are associated with the detoxification of morphine. In addition, the inhibitory or facilitated effects of GTS on electrically evoked contractions in guinea pig ileum (mu-receptors) and mouse vas deferens (delta-receptors) are not mediated through opioid receptors, suggesting the involvement of non-opioid mechanisms. GTS also attenuates hyperactivity, reverse tolerance (behavioral sensitization), and conditioned place preference induced by psychotropic agents, such as methamphetamine, cocaine, and morphine. These effects of GTS may be attributed to complex pharmacological actions between dopamine receptors and a serotonergic/adenosine A2A/ delta-opioid receptor complex. Ginsenosides also attenuate the morphine-induced cAMP signaling pathway. Together, the results suggest that GTS may be useful in the prevention and therapy of the behavioral side effects induced by psychotropic agents.     

Fingerprinting analysis of fresh ginseng roots of different ages using1H-NMR spectroscopy and principal components analysis

Fingerprinting analysis of fresh ginseng according to root age was performed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis techniques. Various peaks were detected in the aliphatic (0-3 ppm), sugar (3-6 ppm), and aromatic (6-9 ppm) regions of the 1H-NMR spectra of the water extracts of fresh ginseng root. The use of principal components (PCs) analysis (PCA) for metabolomic profiling allowed the large 1H-NMR data set obtained for various metabolites to be reduced to PC1, PC2, and PC3. Two dimensional score plots showed clear separations with these three components at different roots ages, and explained 89.6% of the total variance. Canonical discriminant analysis identified the ginseng roots at various ages from the NMR results with over 89.9% discrimination accuracy. These results indicate that the combination of 1H-NMR and PCA provides a very promising tool for the authentication and quality control of fresh ginseng roots at different ages.     

参麦注射液对百草枯所致肺损伤的保护作用

目的探讨参麦注射液在百草枯中毒所致肺损伤中的作用。方法120只SD大鼠随机分为百草枯中毒组（APP）,参麦注射液治疗组（SM1,SM2,SM3）。HE染色观察参麦注射液治疗组组织结构变化,采用免疫组织化学法测定各组肺组织中TGF—β1、IL-1β的表达水平。结果百草枯中毒组肺组织充血水肿明显,肺泡破坏严重,治疗组有所减轻;各治疗组与百草枯中毒组之间转化生长因子β-1（TGF—β1）,白细胞介素-1β（IL—1β）水平均较治疗组明显降低,各治疗组随剂量的增加,TGF-β1,IL-1β水平有明显下降,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论参麦注射液在百草枯所致中毒大鼠肺损伤中能使TGF—β1,IL-1β表达水平下调,减轻肺泡炎症和充血程度,减轻百草枯中毒所致肺损伤,延缓和抑制肺纤维化的发生、发展。     

人参与丹参配伍对心肌缺血再灌注模型大鼠抗氧化和血管内皮细胞因子的影响

目的研究人参与丹参配伍对心肌缺血再灌注模型大鼠抗氧化能力和血管内皮细胞因子的影响。方法建立大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,分为假手术组、模型组、人参与丹参2∶1配伍组、2∶0组、0∶1组,灌胃给药28 d后取血分离血清,用比色法测定总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量;ELISA法测定血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)含量。结果与假手术组比较,模型组T-AOC、GSH、SOD、VEGF和bFGF含量均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,2∶1组、2∶0组、0∶1组T-AOC、GSH、SOD、VEGF和bFGF含量均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2∶1组T-AOC、SOD、GSH、VEGF和bF-GF含量改变与2∶0组、0∶1组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论人参与丹参配伍组具有一定的抗氧化能力和促血管内皮细胞新生能力,其中以人参与丹参2∶1配伍组更显著。     

Clinical potentials of ginseng polysaccharide for treating gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common glucose metabolism complication or cause of potential impaired glucose tolerance that can occur either before or during pregnancy and lactation. The prevalence of GDM and its related complications in young women is increasing, and this condition may cause serious outcomes and health hazards to the foetus. However, traditional oral hypoglycaemic drugs have potential safety hazards; therefore, it is urgent to develop new, safe, effective, and easily administered agents and remedies. Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), which is isolated from Panax (P.) ginseng C. A. Meyer, exhibits notably promising biological activities and effects; specifically, it has been shown to lower blood glucose with mild, safe, and nontoxic characteristics, and it can also improve human bodily functions. Hence, we hypothesise that GPS might be used as an additional therapy and candidate agent for treating GDM. This review innovatively summarizes the available reports and evidence from basic studies to analyze the potential for and feasibility of using GPS as a new therapeutic agent for treating GDM. Additionally, for the first time, this review provides a rationale for the use of GPS. Our summarized results show that GPS may be developed as a novel antidiabetic drug and a remedy for use in preventing and treating GDM, with great application prospects.