冷冻应激对Wistar雌性大鼠生殖周期与生育能力的影响

目的为观察低温应激对大鼠生殖周期与生育能力的影响及人参多糖对其调节,本实验研究了Wistar雌性大鼠生殖周期与生育能力的变化规律及人参多糖的生物学效应。方法将Wistar大鼠分16℃对照组、4℃低温应激实验组与4℃低温应激人参多糖实验组,生殖器官的发育和生殖周期变化采用称重法与观察法。LH与FSH水平检测采用放免分析法。结果对照组、4℃低温应激实验组与4℃低温应激人参多糖实验组的卵巢重量分别为(36±1.20)g、(24±1.31)g和(27±1.14)g;子宫重量为(0.64±0.03)g、(0.45±0.01)g和(0.49±0.02)g;开口率为68%、39%和43%;LH和FSH为(0.28±0.04)ng/ml、(0.11±0.07)ng/ml和(0.14±0.05)ng/ml与(0.35±0.01)ng/ml、(0.17±0.03)ng/ml和(0.21±0.02)ng/ml;与对照组比较P<0.05。动情周期、怀孕率及生仔数,与对照组比较P<0.05。结论低温应激抑制大鼠生殖器官发育,使动情期延长,怀孕率降,LH与FSH分泌水平降低,人参多糖对其有上调作用。     

参附注射液对缺氧心肌细胞凋亡的抑制效应

目的　探讨参附注射液对缺氧诱导的培养乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的作用。方法　将 SD乳鼠的培养心肌细胞随机分为三组:对照组、缺氧72 h组和参附注射液组。缺氧 72 h前加入1 mmol参附注射液。应用TUNEL法及流式细胞仪分析心肌细胞凋亡的变化,借助半胱胺酸 天门冬胺酸酶(caspase- 3)荧光分析试剂盒,荧光比色法检测心肌细胞凋亡过程中 caspase -3 活性的变化。结果　TUNEL及流式细胞仪分析显示,参附注射液组 AI值和细胞凋亡百分率分别为(14. 10±2 .56)%和(14. 93±2 .47)%,明显低于缺氧72 h组(46 .49±4 .93)%和(48 .43±4 .18)%(P<0 .01)。caspase -3活性检测显示,参附注射液组的caspase- 3活性比缺氧72 h组降低了 52. 85%(P<0. 01)。结论　参附注射液能明显抑制缺氧诱导的心肌细胞凋亡。caspase- 3蛋白酶活性抑制可能是其机理之一。     

复方人参注射液核磁共振指纹图谱研究

目的:建立复方人参注射液(人参、陈皮等)的核磁共振指纹图谱,探索质量控制的新方法.方法:运用核磁共振技术对复方人参注射液的中间体和成品进行指纹图谱研究,探索简便易行的指纹图谱分析方法.结果:通过对中间体和注射液的图谱相似度分析,表明工艺流程稳定,重现性良好.结论:核磁共振技术可以作为中成药指纹图谱研究的辅助方法以控制中药质量.     

The effect of ginseng on sexual dysfunction in menopausal women: A double-blind,randomized, controlled trial

ObjectivesSexual problems constitute a largely-overlooked problem for women during menopause. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of Ginseng on sexual function (primary outcome), quality of life and menopausal symptoms (secondary outcomes) in postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction.DesignThis randomized controlled trial was conducted on 62 women who were randomly assigned to the intervention/control groups using block randomization.InterventionThe intervention group received 500 mg of Panax Ginseng and the control group received placebo twice daily for four weeks.Main outcome measuresStandard questionnaires including the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) and the Greene Menopausal Symptom Scale were completed before and four weeks after the intervention.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics and the baseline scores of sexual function, quality of life and menopausal symptoms (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean total score of FSFI (Adjusted Mean Difference = 6.32, 95% CI = 3.48 to 9.16, P < 0.001) was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. The mean total score of quality of life (AMD=-20.79, 95% CI=-25.83 to -15.75, P < 0.001) and menopausal symptoms (AMD=-8.25, 95% CI=-10.55 to -5.95, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the treatment group than the control group.ConclusionGinseng has significant effects in improving sexual function and quality of life and mitigating menopausal symptoms. As a multipotent plant, Ginseng can be a suitable alternative for conventional therapies to promote the health of menopausal women.     

Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety

Background and aimTo address the paucity of randomized clinical studies assessing ginseng on long-term outcomes in type 2 diabetes, we assessed the clinical antidiabetic efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of supplementation with a Korean red ginseng (KRG) preparation, dose, and mode of administration, selected from an acute, clinical, screening model.Methods and resultsNineteen participants with well-controlled type 2 diabetes (sex: 11 M:8 F, age: 64 ± 2 years, BMI: 28.9 ± 1.4 kg/m², HbA_1c: 6.5%) completed the study. Using a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, each participant received the selected KRG preparation (rootlets) and placebo at the selected dose (2 g/meal = 6 g/day) and mode of administration (preprandial oral agent [−40 min]) for 12 weeks as an adjunct to their usual anti-diabetic therapy (diet and/or medications). Outcomes included measures of efficacy (HbA_1c and fasting- and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]-plasma glucose [PG], plasma insulin [PI], and insulin sensitivity index [ISI] indices); safety (liver, kidney, haemostatic, and blood-pressure function); and compliance (returned capsules, diet-records, and body-weight).There was no change in the primary endpoint, HbA_1c. The participants, however, remained well-controlled (HbA_1c = 6.5%) throughout. The selected KRG treatment also decreased 75g-OGTT-PG indices by 8–11% and fasting-PI and 75g-OGTT-PI indices by 33–38% and increased fasting-ISI (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]) and 75g-OGTT-ISI by 33%, compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Safety and compliance outcomes remained unchanged.ConclusionsAlthough clinical efficacy, as assessed by HbA_1c, was not demonstrated, 12 weeks of supplementation with the selected KRG treatment maintained good glycemic control and improved PG and PI regulation safely beyond usual therapy in people with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Further investigation with similarly selected KRG treatments may yield clinical efficacy.     

人参降糖作用的研究进展

2型糖尿病患病率逐年增多,其急慢性并发症严重威胁人们的生命。糖尿病是一种需长期治疗的慢性疾病,目前治疗手段有限,仍无根治该疾病的有效方法,国内外许多学者都在天然药物中寻找治疗糖尿病的良方,我国中医经典《黄帝内经》就有对"消渴症"的具体描述及相关治疗[1],人参治疗和预防糖尿病及其并发症的作用受到了古今中外的广泛关注。人参主要功效为补元气,固脱生津,安神,大量研究表明,人参还具有多种生理调节作用,具有增强抵抗力、强心降压、提高机体免疫力,抗衰老和调脂等作用,其中人参皂苷在调节血糖方面发挥了主要作用[2]。本文拟就人参及其成分对血糖的影响进行综述,旨在为糖尿病治疗提供一条新的有效途径。     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞共培养体系中人参及其主要成分对肺癌A549细胞的作用

通过人参水提液(water extract of Ginseng,WEG)、人参多糖(Ginseng polysaccharides,GPS)、人参皂苷(Ginseng total saponins,GTS)对肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)与肿瘤细胞共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和细胞骨架的影响研究,探讨人参抗肿瘤的作用机制。建立THP-1诱导的TAMs体外模型,采用上清液共培养体系,以肺癌A549细胞为研究对象,并采用MTT法观察不同浓度的WEG、GPS、GTS作用于共培养体系中对肺癌A549细胞增殖的影响及量效关系;通过实时细胞分析技术(RTCA)检测WEG、GPS、GTS对共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞迁移能力的影响,免疫荧光高内涵细胞分析系统(HCS)检测细胞骨架蛋白F-actin的表达。结果显示:WEG能明显抑制共培养体系中A549细胞的增殖、迁移能力和减少骨架面积及微丝数量(P<0.01);GPS能明显抑制共培养体系中A549细胞迁移能力、骨架面积和微丝数量(P<0.01),但对A549细胞的增殖作用无明显影响;GTS能明显抑制共培养体系中A549细胞的增殖(P<0.01),而对A549细胞的迁移能力、骨架面积和微丝无影响。通过对WEG、GPS、GTS的研究对比,发现人参及两种主要成分对TAMs共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞都有影响,但作用存在差异,提示人参抗肿瘤作用与其多成分对肿瘤免疫微环境调控相关,且不同成分间可能存在协同关系。     

一测多评法测定复方人参片中的8种苷类成分

目的 建立一测多评法（quantitative analysis single-marker,QAMS）测定复方人参片中8种苷类成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent XDB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相水（A）-乙腈（B）,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长203 nm;柱温：25℃。以人参皂苷Rb₁为内标,计算人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Re、淫羊藿苷、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rb₂、人参皂苷Rb₃、人参皂苷Rd的相对校正因子,测定其含量。结果 8种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好（r ≥ 0.999 0）,加样回收率为95.6%~104.4%,RSD为1.22%~2.73%,QAMS测定结果与外标法测定结果无显著性差异。结论 该法准确度、灵敏度高、专属性好、操作简单、重复性好。     

人参须药材质量标准的研究

目的 建立人参须药材质量标准。方法 采用经验、显微鉴别法对该药材性状、显微特征进行描述;按照中国药典2015年版四部通则相关方法,对药材水分、总灰分进行了测定;采用薄层色谱法,分别以人参对照药材和人参皂苷（Rb₁、Re、Rf和Rg₁）对照品为对照,对该药材的脂溶性成分及皂苷类成分进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC,以人参皂苷Re、Rg₁、Rb₁和Rb₂为对照,采用Sepax BR-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,乙腈-水为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,在203 nm波长下对各皂苷成分进行定量分析,建立该药材中皂苷类成分的含量测定方法。结果 该药材性状、显微、薄层鉴别方法具有较强的专属性,水分平均值为11.0%,总灰分平均值为4.6%,人参皂苷Re与Rg₁总含量平均值为0.86%,Rb₁含量平均值为0.54%,Rb₂含量平均值为0.31%。结论 本研究依据实验结果和传统经验,同时结合了吉林省人参须药材的生产现状及药用企业的应用情况,可以作为人参须药材的质量标准。