山东省乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果考核的初步分析

为了考核中国肝炎防治基金会乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗扶贫项目实施情况,在山东省济阳、莒南县采用逐级分层抽样的方法,抽取2000年出生的儿童560名及其母亲557名,进行一般情况调查,并用胶体金试纸条法检测其末梢血中的乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg).结果显示2个县儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和全程接种率均为100.00%,第1针乙肝疫苗及时接种率为99.11%,母亲HBsAg阳性率为4.67%,儿童HBsAg阳性率为0.18%,围产期阻断率为90.38%,乙肝疫苗综合保护率为96.15%.表明乙肝疫苗的母婴阻断效果好,HBsAg胶体金试纸条是基层检测HBsAg比较理想的检测方法.     

β-hCG、孕酮、CA125结合子宫内膜厚度测定对早期不明位置妊娠的预测价值

目的 本研究旨在评价人绒毛膜促性腺激素（β-hCG）、孕酮（P）、CA125结合子宫内膜厚度（EST）测定对早期不明位置妊娠（PUL）的预测价值.方法 收集被诊断为PUL的114例早期停经患者,分别于就诊当天抽血检测β-hCG、P及CA125水平,并经阴道超声（TVS）检测EST,48h后再次抽血检测β-hCG,以诊断准确率、敏感性和特异性来评价各种指标组合预测PUL结局的有效性.结果 114例患者中,84例确诊为异位妊娠（EP）,14例为宫内妊娠（IUP）,10例为先兆流产（IUPM）,6例为难免流产.β-hCG预测PUL结局的诊断准确率最高（86.8%）,β-hCG＋P＋CA125＋EST（三者符合）次之（84.2%）.在诊断EP方面,β-hCG的灵敏度最高（90.5%）,β-hCG＋P＋CA125＋EST（三者符合）次之（82.1%）,β-hCG＋P＋CA125＋EST（三者符合）特异度最高（86.7%）.结论 β-hCG 、P、CA125及EST 4个指标结合使用具有较好的敏感性和特异性,可作为今后预测PUL结局的简便方法.     

植物油中天然维生素E特征与高效液相指纹图谱的应用研究

目的：研究天然维生素E特征与高效液相指纹图谱及其应用。方法：HPLC－荧光,紫外检测C－RIB处据处理及指纹图谱鉴别。结果：共检测我省市售几十种品牌植物油以及新开发的营养,保健食品,回归方程与相关系数分别为:α－E,Y＝4.64X 2.55,r=0.9998,r-E,Y=3.2X 1.15,r=0.9993,δ-E:Y=2.21X 1.21,r=0.9991,方法回收率92．7％－96．2％,RSD2.17%-2.75%^[1],结论：维生素E高效液相指纹图谱分析是植物油鉴定鉴别,品质评价,卫生检测的快速准确的效手段。     

NSvc4 Encoded by Rice Stripe Virus Targets Host Chloroplasts to Suppress Chloroplast-Mediated Defense

Our previous research found that NSvc4, the movement protein of rice stripe virus (RSV), could localize to the actin filaments, endoplasmic reticulum, plasmodesmata, and chloroplast, but the roles of NSvc4 played in the chloroplast were opaque. Here, we confirm the accumulation of NSvc4 in the chloroplasts and the N-terminal 1–73 amino acids of NSvc4 are sufficient to localize to chloroplasts. We provide evidence to show that chloroplast-localized NSvc4 can impair the chloroplast-mediated immunity. Expressing NSvc4 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves results in the decreased expression of defense-related genes NbPR1, NbPR2, and NbWRKY12 and the inhibition of chloroplast-derived ROS production. In addition, generation of an infectious clone of potato virus X (PVX) carrying NSvc4 facilitates PVX infection in N. benthamiana plants. Moreover, we identify two chloroplast-related host factors, named NbGAPDH-A and NbPsbQ1, both of which can interact with NSvc4. Knockdown of NbGAPDH-A or NbPsbQ1 can both promote RSV infection. Our results decipher a detailed function of NSvc4 in the chloroplast.     

各种频率视力检查条纹的计算机生成

本文介绍了点阵打印机图像打印的一般原理，并应用循环链表结构，生成任意等宽的黑白条纹组，通过打印机直接打印，用于眼科视力检查，不仅精确度高，而且省时省力。     

Detection and Localization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rice stripe virus</Emphasis> Gene Products <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vivo</Emphasis>

The genome of the Tenuivirus, Rice stripe virus (RSV) comprises four RNAs, the smallest three of which each contain two open reading frames (ORFs) arranged in an ambisense manner. The expression of the ORFs from RNAs 2–4 in plants and the insect vector, Laodelphax striatellus, was studied using antisera raised against the gene products. In Western blotting of the proteins from infected plants, the molecular masses of p2, p3, pc3 (nucleocapsid protein, N) and p4 (major non-structural protein, NCP) were as expected; that of pc4 appeared larger than expected. Antisera to the N- and C-terminal parts of the complementary ORF on RNA 2, analogous to that encoding glycoproteins on genomes of bunyaviruses and tospoviruses, revealed banding patterns suggestive of processing of the product; the possible processing is discussed. Four types of inclusion bodies were identified by immunofluorescent and immunogold microscopy of thin sections of infected leaves. Most electron-dense amorphous semi-electron-opaque inclusion bodies (dASO) contained only p4 while some contained at least p2, pc2-N, p3, pc3 as well as p4. A ring-like structure containing at least pc2-N, p4 and pc4 was also identified in infected plant cells. Fibrillar amorphous semi-electron-opaque inclusion bodies (fASO) contained only p4. Filamentous electron-opaque inclusion bodies (FEO), which consist of pc2-N^.and p4, were found both in infected plant cells and in the mid-gut lumen and mid-gut epithelial cells of L. striatellus. This suggests an interaction between p4 and pc2-N and a function of pc2-N distinct from that of its-homologue in Bunyaviridae. Our results confirm the in vivo ambisense coding strategy of Tenuivirus RNA 2 and provide further evidence that RSV does not produce enveloped virions in infected rice plants.     

Interplay of Rice Stripe Virus and Rice Black Streaked Dwarf Virus during Their Acquisition and Accumulation in Insect Vector

Plant viruses transmitted by hemipteran vectors commonly cause losses to crop production. Rice stripe virus (RSV) and rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) are transmitted to rice plants by the same vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, in a persistent propagative manner. However, rarely do the respective diseases they cause occur simultaneously in a field. Here, we determined the acquisition efficiency of RSV and RBSDV when acquired in succession or simultaneously by SBPH. When RBSDV was acquired first, RSV acquisition efficiency was significantly lower than when only acquiring RSV. However, RBSDV acquisition efficiency from insects that acquired RSV first was not significantly different between the insects only acquiring RBSDV. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the acquisition of RBSDV first might inhibit RSV entry into midgut epithelial cells, but RSV did not affect RBSDV entry. SBPHs were more likely to acquire RBSDV when they were feeding on plants coinfected with the two viruses. When RBSDV was acquired before RSV, RBSDV titer was significantly higher and RSV titer first declined, then increased compared to when only acquiring RBSDV or RSV. Only 5% of the SBPHs acquired both viruses when feeding on plants coinfected with RSV and RBSDV. These results provide a better understanding of the interaction between two persistent viruses when present in the same vector insect and explain why RSV and RBSDV occur in intermittent epidemics.     

The Stripe Artifact in Transcranial Ultrasound Imaging

Objective. Transcranial images are affected by a “stripe artifact” (also known as a “streak artifact”): two dark stripes stem radially from the apex to the base of the scan. The stripes limit the effective field of view even on patients with good temporal windows. This study investigated the angle dependency of ultrasound transmission through the skull to elucidate this artifact. Methods. In vivo transcranial images were obtained to illustrate the artifact. In vitro hydrophone measurements were performed in water to evaluate transcranial wavefronts at different incidence angles of the ultrasound beam. Both a thin acrylic plate, as a simple bone model, and a human temporal bone sample were used. Results. The imaging wavefront splits into two after crossing the solid layer (acrylic model or skull sample) at an oblique angle. An early‐arrival wavefront originates from the direct longitudinal wave transmission through water‐bone interfaces, while a late‐arrival wavefront results from longitudinal‐to‐transverse mode conversion at the water‐bone interface, propagation of the transverse wave through the skull, and transverse‐to‐longitudinal conversion at the bone‐water interface. At normal incidence, only the direct wavefront (without mode conversion) is observed. As the incidence angle increases, the additional “mode conversion” wavefront appears. The amplitude of the transcranial wavefront decreases and reaches a minimum at an incidence angle of about 27°. Beyond that critical angle, only the mode conversion wavefront is transmitted. Conclusions. The stripes are a consequence of the angle‐dependent ultrasound transmission and mode conversion at fluid‐solid interfaces such as between the skull and the surrounding fluidlike soft tissues.