Cytokines as an adjuvant to tumor vaccines: Efficacy of local methods of delivery

Background: We examined alternative methods of delivering cytokines as an adjunct for priming lymph node (LN) cells draining sites of vaccine inoculation for the purpose of generating immune cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Methods: Using syngeneic murine tumors we examined the ability of IL-2, IL-4, or GM-CSF delivered locally to a site of tumor inoculum to induce antitumor reactive draining LN cells. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with tumor cells transduced to secrete cytokine; tumor cells admixed with fibroblasts transduced to secrete cytokine; or intralesional inoculation of cytokine in established tumor to induce sensitized LN cells capable of mediating tumor regression in adoptive transfer. Results: Both IL-4 and GM-CSF cytokines were effective in enhancing the antitumor reactivity of vaccine-primed LN cells compared to IL-2, which was ineffective. The local delivery of GM-CSF by autocrine or paracrine secretion of genetically engineered cells, as well as direct intratumoral delivery was capable of upregulating LN sensitization compared to systemic administration, which did not. Conclusions: The local delivery of GM-CSF as an adjuvant for tumor vaccination can be accomplished by various methods, including direct injection, which avoids the need for gene transfer.     

心血管疾病基因治疗的基础研究Ⅵ．一种新的体内基因转移方法

将医用缝合线浸泡在质粒ＤＮＡ溶液中，然后缝合在大鼠股四头肌上，可以观察到外源基因在肌肉组织中高效、稳定地表达，其表达量高于磷酸钙共沉淀和ＤＮＡ沉淀块埋植法，较肌肉直接注射法表达量高１０倍左右。     

P物质对肉芽组织成纤维细胞表皮生长因子的表达调控及其意义

目的 探讨感觉神经肽P物质(SP)对离体培养的肉芽组织成纤维细胞表皮生长因子(EGF)表达的调控作用及特点。方法 采用甲醛注射的方法造成Wistar大鼠局部无菌性炎性反应，提取肉芽组织进行成纤维细胞原代培养；采用逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)方法检测SP对肉芽组织成纤维细胞EGF基因表达的调控作用，观察时间及剂量—效应关系；采用Western-blotting方法检测EGF蛋白表达情况，观察时间及剂量—效应关系。结果 10^-7mol/L SP可诱导成纤维细胞EGF mRNA的表达，在作用后6h与对照组比，差异有显著性(P＜0．01)；SP在10^-8-10^-6mol/L范围内可以显著促进成纤维细胞EGF mRNA表达，在10^-7mol/L达到峰值，10^-5mol/L时与对照组差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。10^-7mol/L SP作用12h后可检测到EGF蛋白明显表达增强(P＜0．01)，24h达高峰，48h后逐渐有所回落。SP在在10^-8--10^-5mol/L范围可诱导EGF蛋白的表达，均在10^-7mol/L剂量点达到峰值(P＜0．01)。结论 SP可诱导肉芽组织成纤维细胞EGF基因和蛋白的表达，且呈现出一定的时间和剂量特点，在SP调控创伤愈合的作用中具有重要意义。     

Array compression for MRI with large coil arrays.

Arrays with large numbers of independent coil elements are becoming increasingly available as they provide increased signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and improved parallel imaging performance. Processing of data from a large set of independent receive channels is, however, associated with an increased memory and computational load in reconstruction. This work addresses this problem by introducing coil array compression. The method allows one to reduce the number of datasets from independent channels by combining all or partial sets in the time domain prior to image reconstruction. It is demonstrated that array compression can be very effective depending on the size of the region of interest (ROI). Based on 2D in vivo data obtained with a 32-element phased-array coil in the heart, it is shown that the number of channels can be compressed to as few as four with only 0.3% SNR loss in an ROI encompassing the heart. With twofold parallel imaging, only a 2% loss in SNR occurred using the same compression factor.     

rhTPO在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及生物活性分析

目的：探讨人促血小板生成素(human thromlbopoietin，hTPO)在大肠杆菌中表达、分离纯化及生物学活性初步鉴定。方法：利用RT-PCR法从人胎肝细胞中扩增目的基因片段，将其定向插入pQE30表达质粒T5启动子下游的多克隆区，转化大肠杆菌M15，得到pQE30-TPO的工程菌，诱导目的蛋白表达、纯化。将表达产物给血小板减少模型小鼠尾静脉注射，观察注射后不同时间血小板量的改变。结果：经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside IPTG)诱导培养，该工程菌可以产生单一特异性的高表达蛋白条带。将纯化后的表达蛋白注射小鼠，结果显示对实验性小鼠血小板减少症具有一定的治疗作用。结论：在大肠杆菌中成功地高效表达了重组hTPO，该产物具有促血小板生成的活性。     

Novel multi-probe RNase protection assay set for detection of endotoxin associated receptors gene expression

Objective: To construct the multi-probe ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) template set to be used for detecting expression patterns of MD-2, TLR4, CD14 mRNAs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methods : The designed cDNA fragments of the three genes were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)using specific primers and directionally cloned into EcoR I and Hind III sites of expression plasmid pSP72 containing the T7/ promoter, the linearized plasmids was used as template to synthesize anti-sense RNA probes. Then we extracted total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and detected the dynamic expression patterns of the three genes with RPA method. Results: The proper sequence and orientation of the template set were confirmed by sequencing and the template set was successfully used to assay TLR4, MD-2 and CD14 mRNAs in human PBMC. The results showed that the three detected genes decreased transiently 1-3 hours after 100 ng/ml LPS stimulation. Conclusions: These new RPA multi-probe set provided valuable tool for the simultaneous quantitative determination of expression of TLR4, CD14 and MD-2 mRNAs in both constitutive and inducible types.     

一种新的正交参数选优法及其在非线性回归分析中的应用

非线性回归分析是工程中经常采用的一种用来估计数学模型参数的方法，该方法能否顺利运用与参数初始值的选择有极大关系。本研究提出一种新的正交参数选优法——阻尼正交表法，它不仅可以保证非线性回归分析算法的顺利收敛，而且能够显著提高后者的收敛速度，进而极大改善非线性回归分析算法的应用性能。本研究的数值试验及心肌造影超声心动图定量分析应用实例表明，作为对传统正交参数选优法的一种改进，阻尼正交表法在科学与工程计算或信号与信息处理领域有着很好的应用前景。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测PML-RARα融合基因的临床应用研究

目的 利用PML-RARα融合基因作为标志物,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,监测急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)微小残留病(minimal residual disease,MRD)患者体内病毒的状态,探讨预测APL复发风险的方法.方法 利用本实验室建立的定量检测APL患者PML-RARα融合基因的方法,对25例处于初诊、完全缓解(complete remission,CR)、复发等不同阶段的APL患者进行了PML-RARα融合基因的定量检测,并对其中6例患者的MRD状态进行了动态监测.结果 应用荧光定量PCR技术分析患者初诊、CR和复发状态的PML-RARα基因对数值(lg)水平,结果 显示有统计学意义(x2=6.847,P＜0.05);随访期患者的PML-RARα对数值(lg)水平变化较大:初诊时较高(-0.61±0.79),CR时下降(-1.31±0.62),复发时又出现上升(-0.57±0.44),提示若该患者在CR时的对数值呈现上升趋势,患者复发的机率大.结论 应用实时荧光定量(RQ)-PCR技术定量检测PML-RARα融合基因,对监测APL患者MRD状态具有临床适用性,随访期的MRD动态追踪监测具有预后价值.     

hMSH2、hMLHl在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨错配修复基因hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白的表达与胃癌临床病理学特性之间的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测40例胃癌及50例胃炎组织中hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白的表达情况,并研究其与胃癌临床病理之间的关系。结果:40例胃癌标本中,hMSH2减低表达率为35%,hMLH1蛋白降低表达率为72.5%;淋巴结转移阳性的胃癌中,hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白表达明显减低。结论:hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白可能与早期胃癌和胃癌淋巴结转移有关。     

东芝DFP-2000A数字减影系统故障检修

介绍东芝DFP-2000A数字减影系统维修实例,并论述该机图像存储系统采用的RAID3等级的磁盘阵列。