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71.
《Gait & posture》2016
Human dynamic models have been used to estimate joint kinetics during various activities. Kinetics estimation is in demand in sports and clinical applications where data on external forces, such as the ground reaction force (GRF), are not available. The purpose of this study was to estimate the GRF during gait by utilizing distance- and velocity-dependent force models between the foot and ground in an inverse-dynamics-based optimization. Ten males were tested as they walked at four different speeds on a force plate-embedded treadmill system. The full-GRF model whose foot-ground reaction elements were dynamically adjusted according to vertical displacement and anterior-posterior speed between the foot and ground was implemented in a full-body skeletal model. The model estimated the vertical and shear forces of the GRF from body kinematics. The shear-GRF model with dynamically adjustable shear reaction elements according to the input vertical force was also implemented in the foot of a full-body skeletal model. Shear forces of the GRF were estimated from body kinematics, vertical GRF, and center of pressure. The estimated full GRF had the lowest root mean square (RMS) errors at the slow walking speed (1.0 m/s) with 4.2, 1.3, and 5.7% BW for anterior–posterior, medial–lateral, and vertical forces, respectively. The estimated shear forces were not significantly different between the full-GRF and shear-GRF models, but the RMS errors of the estimated knee joint kinetics were significantly lower for the shear-GRF model. Providing COP and vertical GRF with sensors, such as an insole-type pressure mat, can help estimate shear forces of the GRF and increase accuracy for estimation of joint kinetics. 相似文献
72.
73.
《Gait & posture》2014,39(1):11-19
The proliferation of miniaturized electronics has fueled a shift toward wearable sensors and feedback devices for the mass population. Quantified self and other similar movements involving wearable systems have gained recent interest. However, it is unclear what the clinical impact of these enabling technologies is on human gait. The purpose of this review is to assess clinical applications of wearable sensing and feedback for human gait and to identify areas of future research. Four electronic databases were searched to find articles employing wearable sensing or feedback for movements of the foot, ankle, shank, thigh, hip, pelvis, and trunk during gait. We retrieved 76 articles that met the inclusion criteria and identified four common clinical applications: (1) identifying movement disorders, (2) assessing surgical outcomes, (3) improving walking stability, and (4) reducing joint loading. Characteristics of knee and trunk motion were the most frequent gait parameters for both wearable sensing and wearable feedback. Most articles performed testing on healthy subjects, and the most prevalent patient populations were osteoarthritis, vestibular loss, Parkinson's disease, and post-stroke hemiplegia. The most widely used wearable sensors were inertial measurement units (accelerometer and gyroscope packaged together) and goniometers. Haptic (touch) and auditory were the most common feedback sensations. This review highlights the current state of the literature and demonstrates substantial potential clinical benefits of wearable sensing and feedback. Future research should focus on wearable sensing and feedback in patient populations, in natural human environments outside the laboratory such as at home or work, and on continuous, long-term monitoring and intervention. 相似文献
74.
《Gait & posture》2014,39(1):252-254
Stability during gait is maintained through control of the center of mass (CoM) position and velocity in relation to the base of support (BoS). The dynamic stability margin, or the interaction of the extrapolated center of mass with the closest boundary of the BoS, can reveal possible control errors during gait. The purpose of this study was to investigate a marker based method for defining the BoS, and compare the dynamic stability margin throughout gait in comparison to a BoS defined from foot pressure sensors. The root mean squared difference between these two methodologies ranged from 0.9 cm to 3.5 cm, when walking under four conditions: plantigrade, equinus, everted, and inverted. As the stability margin approaches −35 cm prior to contralateral heel strike, there was approximately 90% agreement between the two systems at this time point. Underestimation of the marker based dynamic stability margin or overestimation of the pressure based dynamic stability margin was due to inaccuracies in defining the medial boundary of the BoS. Overall, care must be taken to ensure similar definitions of the BoS are utilized when comparing the dynamic stability margin between participants and gait conditions. 相似文献
75.
目的 研究鞋跟高度对青年女性下楼梯步态的影响,分析女性穿高跟鞋下楼梯时的风险因素。方法 利用红外高速运动捕捉系统测试17名青年女性穿4种不同鞋跟高度皮鞋下楼梯的步态,计算受试者的步态时空参数和下肢关节角度。结果 与穿平跟鞋相比,穿3、5、7 cm高跟鞋下楼梯时步态周期增大,支撑相和双支撑相所占步态周期比例减小,步宽显著减小。与穿平跟鞋相比,穿5、7 cm高跟鞋下楼梯时踝关节矢状面内关节活动幅度均较小,穿3、5、7 cm高跟鞋时踝关节水平面内关节活动幅度均较大。穿3、5 cm高跟鞋时膝关节矢状面内关节活动度显著小于穿平跟鞋,穿3、5、7 cm高跟鞋时膝关节水平面内关节活动幅度显著大于穿平跟鞋。穿5、7 cm高跟鞋时髋关节最大屈曲角度显著大于穿平跟鞋,穿3、5、7 cm高跟鞋时髋关节最小屈曲角度显著大于穿平跟鞋。结论 随着鞋跟高度的增加,下楼梯时摆动期占步态周期百分比和步态周期都增大,而支撑相占步态周期百分比、双支撑相(后期)占步态周期百分比和步宽都减小,增加了下楼梯时跌倒的危险;同时,踝、膝关节矢状面内的关节活动幅度逐渐减小,水平面内的关节活动幅度增大。研究结果有助于深入了解鞋跟高度对穿着者下楼梯步态的影响特征和规律,为分析下楼时可能出现的损伤危险提供依据。 相似文献
76.
77.
AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero Morteza Madadi Shad Reed Ferber 《Journal of bodywork and movement therapies》2018,22(1):83-89
Introduction
It has been widely postulated that structural and functional misalignments of the foot, such as flat foot, may cause mechanical deviations of the lower limb during walking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foot orthoses on lower extremity joint moment asymmetry during the stance phase of walking in children with asymptomatic flexible flat feet.Methods
Fourteen volunteer male children, clinically diagnosed with flexible flat feet, participated in this study. Subjects completed 12 walking trials at a self-selected walking speed while 3-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected for two conditions: shod with no orthoses, and shod with orthoses. The gait asymmetry index for each variable for each subject was defined as: (1-(lesser moment/greater moment)) × 100.Results
Results reveal no significant differences in ankle or knee joint moment asymmetry. However, the use of foot orthoses decreased asymmetry for the hip abduction moment (P = 0.04) compared to walking without orthoses and also resulted in subtle, non-significant increases in frontal plane subtalar and sagittal plane knee and hip joints moment asymmetry.Conclusion
We conclude that foot orthoses decrease frontal plane hip joint moment asymmetry, but have little effect on ankle and knee joint asymmetry. 相似文献78.
Henrique de Alencar Gomes Bruno de Souza Moreira Rosana Ferreira Sampaio Sheyla Rossana Cavalcanti Furtado Sebastião Cronemberger Roberto de Alencar Gomes Renata Noce Kirkwood 《Revista brasileira de fisioterapia (S?o Carlos (S?o Paulo, Brazil))》2018,22(5):376-382
Objective
This study investigated the influence of early to moderate primary open angle glaucoma on gait, functional mobility and fall risk.Methods
Thirty-three participants in the early and moderate stages of primary open angle glaucoma and 34 asymptomatic controls participated in the study. Spatiotemporal gait data were obtained with the GAITRite system and included: velocity, cadence, step length, base of support, swing, stance and double support times. Functional measures included the Timed Up and Go test, the Five-Repetition Sit-To-Stand test and the Dynamic Gait Index. Fall risk was measured using the Physiological Profile Assessment.Results
The variables contrast sensitivity, proprioception and the Timed Up and Go and Dynamic Gait Index tests were significantly different between groups. In addition, the glaucoma group presented significantly higher risk of falling compared to the control group. Individuals in the early and moderate stages of primary open glaucoma presented mobility and sensory deficits that increase the risk of falling.Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that adding the Timed Up and Go and Dynamic Gait Index tests to routine physical therapy assessment of individuals with early glaucoma could be useful. Rehabilitation programs should focus on maintaining and/or improving mobility and balance, and prevention of falls in this population. 相似文献79.
Tatiane Calve Douglas Vicente Russo Júnior Ana Maria Forti Barela 《Revista brasileira de fisioterapia (S?o Carlos (S?o Paulo, Brazil))》2018,22(1):64-69
Background
Exercises that could prevent gait impairment of older adults should be implemented in such a way that practitioners can keep motivation and adherence independent of older adults fitness levels.Objective
This study describes how younger and older adults use a non-pedal tricycle to transport their bodies along a pathway.Methods
Nine younger (24 ± 4.9 y) and nine older (66 ± 4.0 y) adults participated in this study. They moved along a straight pathway at a self-selected comfortable speed with reflective markers on their main lower limb landmarks. A computerized gait analysis system with infrared cameras was used to obtain kinematic data to calculate spatial-temporal parameters and lower limb angles.Results
Overall, participants from both groups were able to perform the task moving at a similar mean speed, with similar stride length and ankle joint excursion. Older adults had higher cadence (mean difference of 17 steps/min; 95% CI = 0.99–1.15) and hip excursion (mean difference of 12°; 95% CI = 28–33), longer stance duration (mean difference of 3.4%; 95% CI = 56.2–59.5), and lower knee excursion (mean difference of 6°; 95% CI = 47.9–53.8) than younger adults.Conclusion
Older adults were able to transport their body with a non-pedal tricycle with more hip and less knee excursion than younger adults. Professionals that work with the older population should look at and take into consideration the use of non-pedal tricycles in exercise protocols and investigate the long-term impacts. 相似文献80.
József Tollár Ferenc Nagy Norbert Kovács Tibor Hortobágyi 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(12):2478-2484.e1