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41.
We correlated MRI features with histopathological findings in an HIV-positive patient with vacuolar myelopathy. On MRI symmetrical
nonenhancing high-signal areas in the posterior columns on T2-weighted images result from extensive vacuolation visible on
histological sections.
Received: 18 November 1997 Accepted: 23 March 1997 相似文献
42.
A. Rimmelin P. L. Clouet S. Salatino P. Kehrli D. Maitrot M. Stephan J. L. Dietemann 《Neuroradiology》1997,39(3):203-206
Extradural arachnoid cysts are uncommon expanding lesions in the spinal canal which may communicate with the subarachnoid
space. Usually in the lower thoracic spine, they may cause symptoms by compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots. We report
cases of thoracic and lumbar arachnoid cysts studied by cystography, myelography, CT and MRI. These techniques showed extradural
cystic lesions containing cerebrospinal fluid, with variable communication with the subarachnoid space, causing anterior displacement
and flattening of the spinal cord.
Received: 3 November 1995 Accepted: 16 April 1996 相似文献
43.
Neurosarcoma is a rare tumour originating from the sheath of peripheral nerves. Facial lesions have been reported in about
20 patients. We describe the MRI appearances of neurosarcoma with histological correlation in three patients. The lesions
lay in the submandibular region, the left parapharyngeal space and the right orbit. MRI showed a well-defined mass with mixed
components. The lesions were moderately heterogeneous on T1-weighted images in two cases and on T2-weighted images in all
cases. Gadolinium enhancement occurred in all cases to variable degrees. In two cases, small high signal foci were seen on
T2-weighted sequences. MRI appearances of neurosarcoma are not specific.
Received: 3 September 1996 Accepted: 26 November 1996 相似文献
44.
Summary
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) provides excellent contrast between osseous structures, air and soft tissue in
conjunction with high spatial resolution. Therefore, thin-section HRCT with bone window setting is the method of choice for
the examination of the middle ear structures. The indications are acute and chronic inflammatory changes, cholesteatoma and
tumor, the “postoperative middle ear”, and malformations. In most cases, HRCT enables differentiation between inflammatory
changes, cholesteatoma, and tumor. The excellent depiction of subtle osseous details enables the identification of erosions
of the ossicles or of the bony walls of the mastoid cells, of osseous defects of the tegmen, of the bony labyrinth, and of
the tympanic course of the facial canal. In addition, HRCT enables excellent depiction of reconstructions of the ossicles
or prosthesis of the ossicles. Although HRCT is the first method of choice, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide additional
information and lead to a more accurate diagnosis in some cases. This is explained by the excellent soft tissue contrast provided
by MRI. In addition, MRI offers the possibility of using various pulse sequences and the administration of IV contrast material.
Therefore, MRI may allow the differentiation between inflammatory changes, cholesteatoma, and tumor in those cases in which
accurate diagnosis cannot be made by HRCT. The differentiation between a meningocele or meningoencephalocele and other entities
such as tumors or cholesteatoma can be established by MRI. Furthermore, MRI can accurately depict cases of labyrinthitis or
of neuritis of the facial nerve or of intracranial disease caused by middle ear processes, while this is not always possible
by HRCT.
In summary, HRCT of the middle ear is the method of choice, but MRI may provide supplementary information in those cases in
which accurate diagnosis cannot be established by HRCT.
相似文献
45.
M. Filippi A. Campi V. Martinelli C. Pereira G. Scotti G. Comi 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1995,92(2):178-182
Transitional progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is quite an unusual form of presentation and course of the disease. A case with this progressive form is presented and brain MRI and MTI findings are discussed in relation to the possible insight they may provide for understanding the mechanisms that determine progressive disability in MS. 相似文献
46.
S. Lehéricy F. Semah D. Hasboun D. Dormont S. Clémenceau O. Granat C. Marsault M. Baulac 《Neuroradiology》1997,39(11):788-796
MRI was performed in 222 consecutive adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy of varying severity from January 1991 to
May 1993. The diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis was established visually by three independent observers. The accuracy of
visual assessment of hippocampal asymmetry was compared with volumetric measurements. Neuropathological correlations were
obtained in 63 patients with refractory seizures. Temporal lobe abnormalities were observed in 180 patients (81 %) as follows:
hippocampal sclerosis in 122 (55 %); developmental abnormalities in 16 (7.2 %); tumours in 15 (6.8 %); scars in 11 (5 %);
cavernous angiomas in 10 (4.5 %); miscellaneous lesions in 6. MRI was normal or showed unrelated changes in 42 patients (19
%). Visual assessment correctly lateralised hippocampal sclerosis in 79 of the 84 patients measured (94 %). Temporal lobectomy
confirmed the MRI data (side and aetiology) in all 63 operated patients. Patients with normal MRI had an older age of seizure
onset and were more often drug-responsive than patients with hippocampal sclerosis. MRI showed temporal lobe abnormalities
in 81 % of epileptic patients with varying severity with good neuropathological correlation. Patients with normal MRI had
a less severe form of the disease.
Received: 19 August 1996 Accepted: 13 November 1996 相似文献
47.
Shoji Matsushima Yuko Sakai Yoshiki Hira Masamichi Kato Tsukasa Shigemitsu Yoichi Shiga 《Journal of pineal research》1993,14(3):145-150
Abstract: Light microscopic observations on the superficial pineal gland of Wistar-King rats were made to examine whether or not pineal volume and pinealocyte size, expressed as nuclear density, at daytime or nighttime are affected by long-term exposure to 50 Hz rotating magnetic field (MF) at 5.0 μT. Determinations of pineal volume and pinealocyte size were repeated twice (April and October) during the year. Size of pinealocytes in MF-exposed and sham-exposed rats exhibited, in addition to the difference between peripheral and central regions, regional differences in a proximodistal direction; pinealocytes in the distal and middle-peripheral regions were usually larger than those in the proximal and middle-central regions at daytime or nighttime. In October, distal and proximal pinealocytes showed significant day-night changes in size in sham-exposed rats, but not in MF-exposed animals. The situations in the two groups were almost reversed in April. Significant day-night differences were scarcely found in pinealocyte size in the middle region in the two groups. Throughout the study, pineal volume and pinealocyte size in each region were generally the same between MF-exposed and sham-exposed rats at daytime or nighttime. The results suggest that pinealocytes in the distal and proximal regions, but not those in the middle region, are affected by MF-exposure; day-night differences in sizes of distal and proximal pinealocytes appear in April and disappear in October under the influence of MF. MF may exert an effect on mechanisms controlling day-night rhythms of pinealocyte size in the rat. 相似文献
48.
对6例胼胝体发育不全的MRI表现进行了分析。矢位像可清楚显示胼胝体的形态学变化,冠位或矢位像较轴拉像更易确认三脑室的移位。MRI的多方向成像和高组织分辩率较CT更有利于对胼胝体发育不全及所合并的其他中枢神经系统异常的诊断,故可做为首选的影像学检查方法。 相似文献
49.
We studied the effects of Wallerian degeneration in the cerebral peduncle shown by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following a supratentorial vascular lesion, to identify the somatotopic localisation of the descending cortical tracts. Patients with a lesion involving a large area of a cerebral hemisphere had an area of abnormal signal intensity in the whole cerebral peduncle, suggesting Wallerian degeneration of all the whole descending cortical tracts. With a small lesion confined to the precentral gyrus, corona radiata, or posterior limb of the internal capsule there was an abnormal signal at the centre of the peduncle, suggesting degeneration of the precentrospinal tract. Those with a small lesion confined to the paracentral gyrus had an abnormal area slightly lateral to the centre of the peduncle, suggesting degeneration of the parietospinal tract. Patients with a lesion of the parietal or temporal lobes, not including the paracentral or precentral gyri, corona radiata, or the posterior limb of the internal capsule, had an abnormal area laterally in the peduncle, suggesting degeneration of the parietopontine or temporopontine tract. 相似文献
50.
Persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) shares clinical features with task-specific dystonias. In these dystonias, intracortical inhibition is abnormally weak. We therefore sought to determine intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in PDS. In 18 subjects with PDS since childhood (mean age, 39.4 [SD 13.0] years) and 18 speech-fluent controls (43.6 [14.3] years), we investigated resting and active motor thresholds as well as intracortical inhibition and facilitation of the optimal representation of the abductor digiti minimi of the dominant hand using transcranial magnetic stimulation. In PDS, the resting and active motor thresholds were increased, whereas intracortical inhibition and facilitation were normal. Normal intracortical excitability makes a pathophysiological analogy between focal dystonia and PDS less likely. The enhanced motor threshold suggests reduced motor cortical neuronal membrane excitability in PDS. 相似文献