经血管内栓塞治疗颈外动脉—海绵窦瘘

目的：探讨经血管内栓塞治疗３例颈外动脉海绵窦瘘的临床意义。材料和方法：３例颈外动脉海棉窦瘘均经股动脉入路栓塞，采用微螺旋圈和聚乙烯醇颗粒将瘘口闭塞。结果：术后患者临床症状显著改善。随访１个月至１年病情无复发。结论：颅内无血管杂音是其重要体征。将微导管置入瘘口是栓塞成功的关键     

颞下窝病变CT MRI诊断

本文报告了87例经病理证实颞下窝病变CT或MRI表现,发现该窝病变以继发肿瘤为主（79/87）,也可见于炎症（4/87）,原发肿瘤少见（4/87）。继发侵犯可来自窝壁各方向,但以鼻咽癌内侧壁、上颌窦癌前壁侵入为主。文内讨论了颞下窝解剖定位及继发侵犯的改变特点,指出横切CT和MRI对观察颞下窝病变具有基本等同诊断作用,并应为首选扫描方位。     

Paranasal sinuses in children: size evaluation of maxillary,sphenoid, and frontal sinuses by magnetic resonance imaging and proposal of volume index percentile curves

Our objective was to establish the age-related 3D size of maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses. A total of 179 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of children under 17 years (76 females, 103 males) were included and sinuses were measured in the three axes. Maxillary sinuses measured at birth (mean+/-standard deviation) 7.3+/-2.7 mm length (or antero-posterior)/4.0+/-0.9 mm height (or cranio-caudal)/2.7+/-0.8 mm width (or transverse). At 16 years old, maxillary sinus measured 38.8+/-3.5 mm/36.3+/-6.2 mm/27.5+/-4.2 mm. Sphenoid sinus pneumatization starts in the third year of life after conversion from red to fatty marrow with mean values of 5.8+/-1.4 mm/8.0+/-2.3 mm/5.8+/-1.0 mm. Pneumatization progresses gradually to reach at 16 years 23.0+/-4.5 mm/22.6+/-5.8 mm/12.8+/-3.1 mm. Frontal sinuses present a wide variation in size and most of the time are not valuable with routine head MRI techniques. They are not aerated before the age of 6 years. Frontal sinuses dimensions at 16 years were 12.8+/-5.0 mm/21.9+/-8.4 mm/24.5+/-13.3 mm. A sinus volume index (SVI) of maxillary and sphenoid sinus was computed using a simplified ellipsoid volume formula, and a table with SVI according to age with percentile variations is proposed for easy clinical application. Percentile curves of maxillary and sphenoid sinuses are presented to provide a basis for objective determination of sinus size and volume during development. These data are applicable to other techniques such as conventional X-ray and CT scan.     

特殊的肥厚性硬脑膜炎2例报告并文献复习

目的分析肥厚性硬脑膜炎(HCP)的临床特点,提高对该病的认识。方法对2例特殊的HCP患者的临床资料结合文献进行回顾性分析。结果 2例HCP患者均以头痛起病,其中1例初诊为静脉窦血栓形成,经治疗未见好转;另1例逐渐出现面神经麻痹和硬膜下积液,综合分析临床特点、影像学之后,最终确诊为HCP。经激素治疗后取得良好疗效。结论 HCP患者可发生静脉窦血栓形成和硬膜下积液。HCP少见,临床缺乏特征性,易被漏诊、误诊,应引起临床医生重视。     

T管窦道的形成与临床意义

目的:了解胆道术后不同时期T管窦道的结构特点并探讨其临床意义.方法:选择胆总管切开探查T管引流术病人.术中测量胆道压力及术后测量胆道压力和T管窦道的牢固性;检查拔T管后胆瘘的位置;对术后行纤维胆道镜检查者,测量T管窦道的长度和宽度,取部分窦道壁组织进行病理检查;对再次手术者,术中形成窦道,术后对窦道壁进行病理检查.结果:T管窦道的长度为(6.3±4.1) cm,宽度为(0.74±0.09) cm,厚度及牢固性术后不同时期各不相同,并受一些因素影响,窦道与胆总管和腹壁连接处较薄弱.结论:T管窦道有其本身的结构特点,了解T管窦道的结构特点对术后胆汁漏的防治以及选择时期经T管窦道行胆道内的各种检查和治疗有意义.     

额叶挫裂伤致脑中心疝手术时机探讨

目的探讨额叶挫裂伤致脑中心疝手术时机,提高手术效果,改善患者预后。方法回顾性分析我院收治的额叶挫裂伤导致脑中心疝33例患者的临床资料,根据患者的临床表现及影像学检查结果进行病理分期,并探讨不同手术时机的效果。结果间脑期14例患者优良率71.43%,中脑-脑桥上部、脑桥下部-延髓上部期、延髓期无优良患者,3组预后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。恢复良好患者中,部分患者记忆力、注意力下降,中残、重残患者均有智能障碍和情感障碍。结论额叶挫裂伤致脑中心疝患者入院后尽快抢救,尽可能在间脑期,即疾病早期进行手术可显著提高抢救成功率,避免遗留严重的后遗症。     

Reliability and criterion validity of two-dimensional movement assessments in those with patellofemoral pain

ObjectivesDetermine criterion validity and intra/inter-rater reliability of 2-dimensional (2D) knee frontal plane projection angle (kFPPA), hip frontal plane projection angle (hFPPA), and dynamic valgus index (DVI) during forward step-downs in those with patellofemoral pain (PFP).DesignCross-sectional.SettingUniversity research laboratory.Participants39 participants with PFP (34.18 ± 7.41years, 170± .1 cm, 81.03 ± 19.36 kg, duration of pain: 68.67 ± 85.08months, anterior knee pain scale: 80.49 ± 7.87, visual analog scale:2.08 ± 2.02)Main outcome measuresAverage 3D hip and knee sagittal, frontal, and transverse joint angles and 2D kFPPA, hFPPA, and DVI at maximum knee flexion were variables of interest. 3D DVI was calculated as the sum of hip and knee frontal and transverse angles. 2D kFPPA, hFPPA, and DVI were calculated by two raters independently on two occasions.ResultsIntra- and inter-rater reliability of all 2D angles were excellent. kFPPA was moderately correlated to 3D knee transverse angles. hFPPA was moderately correlated to 3D hip frontal and transverse angles and largely correlated to 3D DVI. 2D DVI was moderately correlated to hip transverse angles.ConclusionkFPPA, hFPPA, and DVI are reliable. hFPPA may be reflective of 3D hip and knee frontal and transverse motion during forward step-downs in those with PFP.     

Effects of artificially induced bilateral internal rotation gait on gait kinematics and kinetics

BackgroundBilateral internal rotation gait is a common gait abnormality in children with bilateral cerebral palsy, but still not fully understood.Research questionThe aim of this clinical study was to analyze the effects of artificially induced bilateral internal rotation gait on kinematics and kinetics. Our hypothesis was, that the internal rotation gait defined as increased dynamic internal hip rotation itself causes significant alterations in gait kinematics and kinetics.Methods30 typically developing children with a mean age of 12 (SD 3) years (range 8 – 16) performed three-dimensional gait analysis in two different conditions: with unaffected gait and with artificially induced bilateral internal rotation gait with two rotation bandages worn in order to internally rotate the hips. Kinematic and kinetic changes between these two conditions were calculated and compared using a mixed linear model with “gait condition” as fixed effect and both “limb” and “patient” as random effects.ResultsThe rotation bandages induced a significant increase in internal hip rotation and foot progression angle towards internal without affecting pelvic rotation. The peak hip internal rotator moment during loading response and the peak hip external rotator moment during the first half of stance phase increased significantly and the peak hip internal rotator moment during the second half of stance phase decreased significantly. Anterior pelvic tilt, hip flexion, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion increased significantly. The first peak of the frontal hip moment decreased, and the second increased significantly. The second peak of the frontal knee moment decreased significantly, while the first didn’t change significantly.SignificanceThe data suggest, that the bilaterally increased dynamic internal hip rotation itself has a relevant impact on frontal hip moments. The increased anterior pelvic tilt, hip and knee flexion may be either induced by the pull of the rotation bandage or a secondary gait deviation.     

滑车上动脉的影像学研究及在鼻再造术中的应用

目的通过颈内、外动脉造影对滑车上动脉分支血管进行影像学研究,并设计改良额部皮瓣行鼻再造术。方法选用30例成人颈内、外动脉造影资料进行血管三维成像,对滑车上动脉分支(肌支和皮支)进行研究,探讨滑车上动脉分支走行、层次以及与眶上动脉的交通情况。根据影像学检测结果临床应用滑车上动脉分支设计额部皮瓣对11例鼻缺损患者行鼻再造术。其中男7例,女4例;年龄15～48岁,平均23岁。鼻缺损范围3.0 cm×2.5 cm～5.0 cm×3.5 cm。结果颈内动脉造影和三维成像显示,30例滑车上动脉恒定出现,直径(0.9±0.6)mm;其中浅层皮支恒定出现,直径(0.7±0.3)mm;深层肌支4例缺失,直径(0.5±0.5)mm,走行于额肌间,长(32.0±6.2)mm,分支间互有交通并与眶上动脉亦有吻合。临床应用皮瓣均成活,无软骨外露,外形良好。术后经4个月～3年随访,鼻尖、鼻翼及鼻小柱外形接近正常,鼻高度和坡度适中,再造鼻质地弹性良好,鼻孔无狭窄,通气功能正常。结论影像学检测结果佐证了滑车上动脉存在恒定皮支,以其分支为血管蒂设计的额部皮瓣提高了鼻再造疗效。     

Rosai-Dorfman病颅骨侵犯1例

患者,女,30岁。5年前发现右侧额部头皮有一黄豆大结节,质软,无压痛、头痛及头皮周围软组织触痛,无发热、头昏、恶心、呕吐,无视物模糊、肢体麻木。一直未予重视。3个月前无明显诱因下感肿块逐渐增大,约鸡蛋大小。体格检查:精神反应正常,问答切题。心肺听诊无异常。右侧额部可见一大小约4cm×3cm头皮肿块,基底宽,肿块边界尚清,活动度差,质韧,顶部偏软,顶部无压痛,周边轻压痛,局部头皮无红肿、破溃,毛发无脱落,无血管扩张,未闻及血管杂音,皮温无殊。耳前、颌下及颈部等全身浅表淋巴结未及肿大。实验室检查:血、尿、便常规及肝功能正常。影像学表现:头颅CT示右侧额部头皮下见一大小约3.2cm×4.3cm宽基底的软组织肿块影,边缘清楚,密度较均匀,CT值约27.8HU,局部颅骨见不规则孔状骨质破坏,边界较清楚,未见明显硬化缘,局部头皮下脂肪层受压变薄(图1a-1d)。MRI示右侧额骨局