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51.
Jasmin Bhawra Sharon I. Kirkpatrick David Hammond 《Canadian journal of public health. Revue canadienne de santé publique》2021,112(4):663
ObjectiveThis study explored associations between socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported health, and household food security among young adults.MethodsNational cohort study participants from Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton, and Halifax, Canada, aged 16–30 years (n = 2149) completed online surveys. Multinomial logistic regression, weighted to reflect age and sex proportions from the 2016 census, was conducted to examine associations between food security status and covariates.ResultsAlmost 30% of respondents lived in food-insecure households, with 19% in “moderately” food-insecure and 10% in “severely” food-insecure households. Respondents identifying as Black or Indigenous were more likely to live in moderately (AOR = 1.96, CI: 1.10, 3.50; AOR = 3.15, CI: 1.60, 6.20) and severely (AOR = 4.25, CI: 2.07, 8.74; AOR = 6.34, CI: 2.81, 14.30) food-insecure households compared with those identifying as mixed/other ethnicity. Respondents who found it “very difficult” to make ends meet were more likely to be moderately (AOR = 20.37, CI: 11.07, 37.46) and severely (AOR = 101.33, CI: 41.11, 249.77) food insecure. Respondents classified as “normal” weight (AOR = 0.64, CI: 0.43, 0.96) or overweight (AOR = 0.53, CI: 0.34, 0.83) were less likely to be moderately food insecure compared with those affected by obesity. Compared with “very good or excellent,” “poor” health, diet quality, and mental health were each positively associated with severe food insecurity (AOR = 7.09, CI: 2.44, 20.61; AOR = 2.63, CI: 1.08, 6.41; AOR = 2.09, CI: 1.03, 4.23, respectively).ConclusionThe high prevalence of correlates of food insecurity among young adults suggests the need for policies that consider the unique challenges (e.g., precarious income) and vulnerability associated with this life stage. 相似文献
52.
《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2021,35(4):352-354
ObjectiveTo identify high-risk content in food advertising that combines obesogenic features with a highly emotionally engaging format.MethodComparison of 304 videos (47 hours and 41 minutes) from 13 food brand channels (traditional advertising) and from 15 child YouTuber channels (endorsement and influence) posted in 2019. Exploratory content analysis of variables describing the communication style of the “challenges” format.ResultsChallenges are the most common type of content (53.3%; n = 162), with a greater prevalence on child YouTuber channels (59%; n = 131) than on brand channels (41%; n = 31).ConclusionsContent created by consumers is not covered by current audiovisual communication legislation. Increased control of these practices is urgently needed, in terms of legislation, self-regulation and codes of ethics. Creativity, enjoyment or mere entertainment is not a sufficient argument for the persuasive promotion of behaviors that endanger the physical health of children. 相似文献
53.
目的 了解扬州市食品中化学污染物及有害因素的污染状况,确定风险因子的可能来源及分布,为食品安全防控工作提供数据依据。方法 依据每年扬州市《食品安全风险监测方案》,2015—2019年在扬州市辖区内采集食品样品,并进行相关化学污染物及有害因素的检测。结果 5年共检测23大类1 311份食品样品208个指标,样品合格率为97.79%;其中8类29份食品样品中13个指标超标,样品超标率为2.21%。不合格指标为蔬菜中农药残留和镉、茶叶和水果中农药残留、水产动物中总砷、藻类中铅、粉丝和油条中含铝添加剂、小麦制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、蜂蜜中甲硝唑。结论 扬州市食品中的化学污染情况总体较好,但部分食品中仍存在污染物超标现象,应引起相关部门的重视。 相似文献
54.
55.
Takao Watanabe Okujou Iwani Shinichiro Shimbo Masayuki Ikeda 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1993,65(Z1):S205-S208
Blood samples and 24-h duplicates of food were collected in the years around 1980 and then in 1990's from inhabitants of nonpolluted regions in Japan. The 1990 study is still in progress with 286 blood samples and 125 food duplicates already collected from 7 regions. A preliminary analysis is made in the present study with the data obtained from the 7 study regions where the survey was conducted in 1980 and then in 1990, to examine possible changes in dietary cadmium intake (Cd-D) and consequently cadmium levels in blood (Cd-B) during this 10 year period. The food duplicate analysis showed that Cd-D in 1980 was 47.1 g/day (1.74):65 [GM (GSD):N] for men and 27.7 g/day (1.75):65 for women. The counterpart values in 1990 were 29.5 g/day (1.66):40 for men and 23.8 g/day (1.73):85 for women; the difference between the two values for the same sex is significant (P<0.05) both=" in=" men=" and=" in=" women,=" suggesting=" that=" there=" occurred=" about=" 37%=" and=" 14%=" reduction=" in=" dietary=" cadmium=" intake=" during=" this=" 10=" year=" period=" in=" men=" and=" in=" women,=" respectively.=" comparison=" in=" cd-b=" showed=" that=" cd-b=" for=" men=" and=" women=" in=" 1990=" were=" 1.79=">0.05)>g/l (2.01):121 and 1.84 g/l; (1.67):165, respectively, whereas the counterpart values in 1980 were 3.84 g/l (1.64):123 and 3.57 g/l (1.42):141, respectively, indicating significant (P<0.01) reduction=" in=" cd-b=" in=" both=" sexes=" in=" parallel=" to=" the=" reduction=" in=" cd-d.=" the=" role=" of=" rice=" as=" a=" major=" source=" of=" cadmium=" among=" japanese=" population=" together=" with=" recent=" reduction=" in=" the=" importance=" is=" discussed;=" cd=" in=" rice=" accounted=" for=" 72%=" in=" late=" 1970's,=" whereas=" it=" is=" about=" 35%=" in=" the=" present=">0.01)> 相似文献
56.
Ozasa K Higashi A Yamasaki M Hayashi K Watanabe Y 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》1997,2(2):85-88
Differences observed by comparing the responses to two surveys taken 5 years apart were compared with self-reported changes
in dietary habits in the second survey to examine the construct validity of dietary change. That is, when an observed difference
about a certain food was consistent with a self-reported change, these two methods seemed to show a high validity regarding
dietary change. Both surveys used the same self-administered food intake frequency questionnaire, and subjective changes in
food intake were evaluated at the second survey (self-reported change). Eight hundred fifty-five males and one thousand females
aged 30-69 years were analyzed. Since results by both methods showed a higher frequency of increased intake of green-yellow
vegetables in general, pale- colored vegetables in general, carrots, and squash, these results were thought to be of high
validity. However, cabbage, lettuce, and seaweeds showed inconsistent results regarding higher frequencies of intake. Changes
among quintiles of lower frequency seemed to show lower validity because the results obtained by the two methods were often
inconsistent for dairy foods and some other foods. Thus, self-reported changes may reflect respondents’ attitudes toward foods,
not their actual behavior. 相似文献
57.
Omoto M Imai T Seki K Nomura R Otahara Y 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》1997,2(3):105-116
Based on the fact that chemical products such as binding agents are produced by mixing three kinds of phosphates with different
ratios, we mixed metaphosphate, polyphosphate and pyrophosphate. Each was made to Na-phosphate, K-phosphate, and Ca-phosphate
and each was mixed with commercial feeds so that the content of P would be approximately 0.1, 0.15, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0%.
The prepared pellets were given to ICR, CF # 1 and AKR strains of mice at 29 days of age for 680 days and observations were
made through this experimental period at different stages. The observations were also carried out on the mice administered
with the experimental feeds for 1.5 months from 9 to 10.5 months of age. The observations were compared with those of the
control group at all times. As a result, plasma 1 α, 25 (OH)2 D3 and P levels were always significantly higher in the phosphate administered groups relative to the control. Urine P and Fe
increased while urine Ca decreased in the phosphate-treated groups.
The effect of phosphates on the bones was studied taking soft X-ray pictures of hind legs and applying microdensitometry to
them. Through these observations we recognized thinning of the cortex of bones, reduction of marrow trabecules and development
of osteophyte. Histological observations disclosed that changes in knee joint tissues were apparent; that is, a decrease in
or an irregular loss of the number of cells in superficial, intermediate, and radial strata of the joint cartilage, proliferation
of subchondral bone, and the development of osteophytes were noted. As for muscles, diameters of musclar fibers became smaller;
in particular, type II fibers showed greater shrinkage. Regarding kidneys, swelling and atrophy of glomerular capillaries,
proliferation of mesangial cells, nephroselerosis, swelling, thinning, and loss of tubular epithelium, interstitial tissue
inflammation, development of cylindruria, and deposition of calcium were observed. All these changes seem to be a particularly
advanced aspect of the changes which are more pronounced with increasing dose and age.
These changes were found even in the group administered with the feed containing 0.1% phosphorus, and, these changes were
dependent on the concentration level of P. It was observed that administration to older subjects for a short term (1.5 months)
produced effects stronger than those to younger subjects administered for a long term (10.5 months).
The effects of condensed Ca-phosphate on bones were similar to those of condensed Na- and K-phosphates, and, hence, it was
supposed that these effects were caused by phosphate radicals.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
58.
Fowle Iii JR 《Environmental toxicology and pharmacology》1997,4(3-4):247-250
Many Environmental Laws create the unrealistic expectation that science can be used to determine ‘safety'. The many uncertainties surrounding environmental risks, as well as individual, group and societal differences about what is considered ‘safe', make it inevitable that policy decisions must be made. It is appropriate that such decisions be shaped by politics and social issues, as well as be informed by science and economics, but care should be taken to distinguish between policy and fact. Not much is known about the nature and magnitude of environmental susceptibilities. Credible environmental decisions require that scientists, risk assessors and decision-makers acknowledge this, and that they take care to distinguish policy calls from scientific fact. 相似文献
59.
Induction of food intake by a noradrenergic system using clonidine and fusaric acid in the neonatal chick 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To clarify noradrenergic systems on food intake of the neonatal chicks, we examined the effects of i.c.v injection of clonidine (CLON), an alpha2-receptor agonist, and fusaric (5-butylpicolinic) acid (FA), a dopamine (DA)-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor. Although a high dose (250 ng) of CLON induced a narcoleptic response and reduced food intake, food intake at 30 min post-injection was enhanced by lower doses (25 and 50 ng) of CLON. Central administration of FA (25, 50 and 100 microg) increased food intake in a dose-dependent fashion. It is suggested that feeding behavior is stimulated by low levels of CLON and decreased by further production of norepinephrine (NE), and FA may play the disturbance of sleeping and then enhance food intake. 相似文献
60.