Could <Superscript>99m</Superscript>Tc-glucarate be used to evaluate tumour necrosis?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether (99m)Tc-glucarate ((99m)Tc-GLA) is a powerful and discriminant tumour necrosis marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The induction of apoptosis and secondary necrosis (by a chemotherapeutic agent) and necrosis (by intense hyperthermia) was studied on an in vitro and in vivo leukaemic cell line model (U937). The percentage of apoptosis/necrosis in vitro was determined by flow cytometry after staining cells with annexin-V-fluorescein/propidium iodide. The uptake of (99m)Tc-GLA was studied after treatments that produce an optimal of necrosis cells or apoptotic cells. Three populations of interest: viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells were sorted by flow cytometry. The uptake and the intracellular distribution of (99m)Tc-GLA on each population have been studied. We also investigated the influence of necrosis on (99m)Tc-GLA uptake in a model of U937 xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS: The accumulation of (99m)Tc-GLA in untreated and apoptotic cells was lower than in necrotic cells. Cell sorting discriminated each cellular population and showed a 14% accumulation in necrotic cells and no more than a 3% in apoptotic cells. In apoptotic and viable cells, (99m)Tc-GLA is distributed between the cytosolic/membrane and the nucleus fractions. In necrotic cells, (99m)Tc-GLA is mainly found in the nucleus fraction. In vivo investigations showed a higher (99m)Tc-GLA uptake in necrotic tumour than in apoptotic and control ones. CONCLUSIONS: (99m)Tc-GLA may be a useful agent to specifically evaluate tumour necrosis and may be helpful for the follow-up of patients with cancer.     

医用加速器机房迷路辐射水平的测量与分析

目的 通过医用加速器机房迷路内辐射水平的测量与分析,为职业照射的控制提供科学依据,为理论模拟计算积累实验数据。方法 利用剂量率仪测量加速器机房迷路内的辐射水平,并对测量结果进行理论分析。结果 医用加速器机房出入口处杂散X-γ射线剂量率与机头朝向有关,并随照射野的减小而降低;杂散中子剂量率水平主要取决于加速器粒子的能量和输出剂量,随照射野的变化不明显。同时,医用加速器机房出入口处杂散X-γ射线和中子剂量率与医用加速器机房迷路的辐射防护设计密切相关。结论 合理改善医用加速器机房迷路的辐射防护设计是降低医用加速器机房出入口处X-γ射线和中子剂量率水平的行之有效的措施。     

CD173在急性白血病中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨CD173在急性白血病中表达及其临床意义.方法 应用直接荧光标记法,经流式细胞术对我院血液内科2016年6~11月收治的42例急性白血病和15例对照组(非白血病患者)骨髓细胞进行CD173和CD34的检测.结果 对照组患者的骨髓单个核细胞均未见CD173阳性表达,42例急性白血病患者中阳性率为4.8%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CD173在对照组有核红细胞中的阳性率为53.3%,阳性细胞表达水平为(23.0±16.4)%,而急性白血病组有核红细胞的阳性率为50.0%,阳性细胞表达水平(21.3±13.0)%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组患者的骨髓单个核细胞未见CD34阳性表达,急性白血病组患者阳性率为61.9%,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);26例CD34+急性白血病患者中2例表达CD173阳性,16例CD34-急性白血病患者中未见CD173阳性表达,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 CD173在急性白血病和非白血病中的表达无差异.     

肾移植早期尿淋巴细胞表型分析的应用价值

目的：探讨尿淋巴细胞表型分析在肾移植早期免疫监测中的临床应用价值。方法：以流式细胞技术对37例肾脏移植患者的105份尿样本进行尿淋巴细胞表型分析,测定CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD25、HLA－DR阳性细胞百分率,其结果在急性排斥反应组和肾功能稳定组之间进行比较。结果：与肾功能稳定组比较,急性排斥反应组尿淋巴细胞表达HLA－DR数增多非常显著（P＜0．01）,CD8和CD25细胞增多显著（P＜0．05）,而CD3、CD4、CD19细胞数变化不显著（P＞0．05）。在诊断移植肾急性排斥反应上,HLA－DR阳性样本的诊断敏感性和特异性分别达86．96％和90．24％,CD8和CD25阳性标本的阴性预测值分别达86．79％和85．71％。结论：尿淋巴细胞表型分析可间接反映出移植肾内的免疫状态,是诊断和鉴别诊断移植肾急性排斥反应的有效方法,适用于肾移植早期的免疫监测。     

P选择素在原发性肾病综合征患者肾组织不同病理类型中的表达及其意义

目的：为探讨粘附分子P选择素（CD62P）在原发性肾病综合征（NS）患中的致病作用及其与肾组织各种病理类型的关系。方法：肾穿刺活检法取NS患肾组织,以直接免疫荧光标记单克隆抗体,周围血以流式细胞仪的方法,进行了CD62P表达的研究。结果：（1）98例NS患显示CD62P表达85例（86．7％）,病理类型的表达以MPGN,MsPGN显,MN,FSGS次之,MCD最弱;（2）同组患周围血CD62P表达量较正常组明显增高（P＜0．01）;（3）CD62P在肾组织的表达与周围血表达水平密切相关,且与肾脏各种病理类型的病变部位一致。结论：CD62P在NS患不同病理类型中的表达,提示其在NS发病机制中具有重要作用。     

血管瘤中血管内皮生长因子表达的定量研究

目的观察血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在血管瘤中的表达,并探讨VEGF在血管瘤中的表达水平与DNA倍体、细胞增殖活性及血管瘤侵袭的关系.方法应用流式细胞仪及免疫荧光技术检测几种类型的血管瘤组织中VEGF表达量荧光指数FI、DNA含量(DNA指数,DI)及细胞增殖活性(增殖指数,PI).结果在血管瘤中多数为DNA异倍体、各类血管瘤FI、DI、PI值之间差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);包膜完整组与无包膜或包膜不完整组之间FI值差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01);异倍体与二倍体之间FI值差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01);VEGF表达阳性组与VEGF表达阴性组之间PI值差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论VEGF表达水平与血管瘤的侵袭性、DNA倍体及细胞增殖活性密切相关.提示阻止VEGF表达能作为治疗血管瘤的方法.     

The hemodynamic behavior of arterial anastomosis using fibrin sealant: experimental study in swine

The wide use of biological sealants as a reinforcement for arterial sutures and the small experimental base in literature motivated this study. Our aim was to evaluate the flow, tear pressure, and the need of reinforcement stitches in sutured arteries after a cross-section. This research project complied with the Helsinki convention. The Tissucol (Baxter) fibrin sealant was used in all experiments. The femoral and carotid arteries of 17 swine from the same breed (weighing from 15 to 20 kg) were cross-sectioned after heparinization and subjected to anastomoses using a single continuous plane of 7-0 prolene. We worked with 68 artery samples, 34 in the treatment group and 34 in the control group. For each animal, one carotid and one femoral artery randomly received fibrin sealant with the contralateral side being used as a control. The need and the number of reinforcement stitches were recorded. Ten minutes after protamine infusion, the animals were sacrificed and the arteries were catheterized respecting 1 cm proximal and distal. The arteries were measured and placed on a flow meter to evaluate the flow rate of 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl in a 50 cm high column. The arteries were then subjected to air infusion at increasingly higher pressures (stepwise increases of 25 mm Hg), the grafts were dipped in 0.9% NaCl solution, the first air leakage was observed, and the tear pressure recorded. Data was analyzed with EpiInfo 6 data manager. The external diameters and thickness of the arteries were similar in both the treatment and control group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the tear pressure (P = 0.329), flow rate (P = 0.943), and the number of samples with a tear pressure above 200 mm Hg. However, the sealant reduced the number of reinforcement stitches necessary (P = 0.029). We conclude that fibrin sealant reduces the need of additional stitches; however, it does not change the tear pressure nor significantly reduces the flow.     

MACS检测胃癌腹腔冲洗液游离癌细胞的研究

目的 探讨胃癌腹腔微转移情况的检测方法及意义。方法 手术中切除肿瘤前收集腹腔冲洗液，采用磁激活细胞分离术（MACS）对不同病理分期胃癌患者腹腔冲洗液中癌细胞进行富集并检测。分别标记带磁珠的细胞角蛋白（CK）抗体，经磁柱富集CK^＋上皮细胞，用流式细胞仪检测其含量，并比较胃癌组与胃平滑肌瘤组（对照组）以及胃癌不同分期之间、磁富集前后CK^＋上皮细胞含量的差异。结果 在未经MACS富集的标本中较少发现CK^＋ CD45^-细胞；在富集后的标本中其含量在胃癌组与对照组有显著差异（41／50，1／10，P〈0．001）；pTNMⅠ～Ⅱ期与Ⅲ～Ⅳ期之间（0．67％，3．42％，P〈0．001）差异有非常显著性。结论 MACS能有效地富集上皮来源细胞，提高上皮源细胞的检出率，并能反映腹腔游离癌细胞数量；上皮细胞数量与胃癌的存在及临床病理分期有关，其有利于判断肿瘤转移和预后并指导治疗。     

不同组织来源临床肿瘤主要细胞周期素表达类型的研究

目的观察人类主要细胞周期素（Cyclin D1、E、A、B1）在临床肿瘤细胞中表达特征并进行分类，探讨其对临床肿瘤分类的可行性及潜在意义。方法用流式细胞术（FCM）双参数法半定量检测161例恶性肿瘤手术切除标本细胞中Cyclin D1、E、A、B1表达，根据不同Cyclin在细胞周期中的作用及其异常表达特征，将肿瘤细胞主要Cyclin表达分为不同类型。结果细胞周期外Cyclin（D1）及周期内Cyclins（E、A、B1）在临床肿瘤细胞中表达无组织差异性（P〉0．05）。其异常表达大致可归为5种类型：Ⅰ型Cyclin（D1、E、A、B1）均高表达；Ⅱ型Cyclin D1低表达，Cyclin（E、A、B1）不同形式高表达；Ⅲ型Cyclin D1不表达，Cyclin（E、A、B1）不同形式高表达；Ⅳ型Cyclin D1不表达，Cyclin（E、A、B1）不同形式低表达；V型Cyclin（D1、E、A、B1）均不表达；再根据各型中不同周期内Cyclin的优势表达分为相应不同的亚型。a亚型：Cyclin（E、B1）表达为主；b亚型：CyclinE表达为主；c亚型：Cyclin B1表达为主；d亚型：Cyclin（E、A、B1）表达为主。肿瘤细胞主要Cyclin表达类型及相应亚型分布无组织来源的差异性（P〉0．05）。结论主要Cyclins表达类型可以作为不同组织来源肿瘤分类的依据，可能是体现不同肿瘤细胞周期破坏共同特征较为客观分类方法。     

尿流式细胞学在诊断移植肾急性排斥反应中的应用价值

目的：探讨尿流式细胞学在诊断移植肾急性排斥反应中的临床应用价值。方法：对43例肾移植受者的116份尿样本进行尿流式细胞学分析，并将急性排斥组和肾功能稳定组的分析结果进行比较。结果：急性排斥反应组尿淋巴细胞总数以及HLA－DR^ 淋巴细胞数显著增多，与肾功能稳定组比较，P＜0．01，CD8^ 细胞亦增多（P＜0．05），而CD3^ ,CD4^ ,CD19^ 细胞数变化两组差异不显著（P＞0．05），在诊断移植肾急性排斥反应上，HLA－DR阳性样本和淋巴细胞数阳性样本的诊断敏感性和特异性分别达95．2％，90．5％，和92．6％，87．4％，结论：尿流式细胞学分析可反映移植肾内的免疫状态，尿淋巴细胞数的显著增多和尿HLA－DR^ 淋巴细胞增多可以作为诊断急性排斥反应的有意义指标。