Pyogenic granuloma-like reaction in the necrotic, vessels-deprived femoral head of the rat

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head was produced in rats by cutting the ligamentum teres and incising the cervical periosteum. As of the second postoperative week, fibrous tissue pervaded the necrotic epiphyses, macrophages and osteoclasts removed the debris, osteoblasts deposited lamellar-fibred and woven-fibred intramembranous bone, and remodeling began. In 16% of the rats killed during the 2nd postoperative week, the epiphyses contained big fragments of necrotic bone enclosed by densely packed, capillary-sized vessels. Ingrowth of this hypervascularized, pyogenic granuloma-like tissue is presumably due to the presence of excessive growth factors, reflecting an exaggerated pathophysiological reaction within the framework of organization of the necrotic epiphyses.     

A quantitative analysis of the geometry of cat motoneurons innervating neck and shoulder muscles

The geometry of the somata and dendritic trees of motoneurons innervating neck and shoulder muscles was investigated by using intracellular injections of HRP. In general, these motoneurons did not belong to a homogeneous population of motoneurons. Differences in average primary dendritic diameter, number of primary dendrites, and other measures of dendritic tree size were found between different neck and shoulder motoneuron groups. Several indices of proximal dendritic tree size (number of primary dendrites, sum of dendritic diameters, Rall's dendritic trunk parameter, and the sum of dendritic holes) were weakly correlated with the diameter or surface area of the soma. Some of these correlations depended on the muscle supplied by the motoneuron. The total combined dendritic length ranged from 66,660 to 95,390 microns. There was a weak, but positive, correlation between the diameter of primary dendrites and combined dendritic length. This relationship varied from motoneuron to motoneuron. The diameters of all dendrites of three trapezius motoneurons were examined in detail. The total dendritic surface area examined ranged from 415,000 to 488,100 microns 2 and represented approximately 99% of the total neuronal surface area. Last-order dendrites showed a high degree (39.9%) of taper. Dendritic tapering, by itself, was a major factor in the decrease of the (sum of dendritic diameters)3/2 measured at progressively distal sites from the soma. Although few parent and daughter dendrites obeyed the "three-halves law," the average exponent was 1.57. The diameters of primary dendrites and dendritic surface area were weakly correlated. The correlation between dendritic diameter and combined dendritic length or surface area improved if the weighted average of the diameter of second-order dendrites was used as a measure of dendrite size. Second-order dendrites, whose branches terminated in different regions of the spinal cord, showed different relationships between dendritic diameter and combined dendritic length or surface area. Comparisons between the motoneurons examined in the present study and motoneurons innervating other muscles indicate that, although all spinal motoneurons share several common features (e.g., long dendrites, dendritic tapering), each motoneuron group has a set of unique features (e.g., soma shape, relationship between primary dendrite diameter and dendritic surface area). Thus, the rules governing motoneuron dendritic geometry are not fixed but depend on the species of the motoneuron.     

Pediatric head injuries caused by traffic accidents

In an unselected series of 488 patients with head injuries referred to a general surgical department, there were 126 children aged 0–19 years whose head injuries were a result of traffic accidents. In age group 0–4 years, only 23% of the head injuries were due to traffic accidents. In age groups 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years, however, traffic accidents were the main cause of the injuries, being responsible for 47%, 65% and 82% of the cases respectively. Both age groups 5–9 and 10–14 years had an unusually high proportion of bicycle injuries, while motorcycle and automobile accidents were the leading causes of injury in age group 15–19 years. Eight children (6%) died as a result of head trauma. Furthermore, among the survivors there were 8 children with severe head injuries (post-traumatic amnesia lasting 24 h), the rest being minor head injuries. All the survivors but one returned to school and achieved reasonable performances. Repeated follow-up studies at 3 months, 1 and 5 years, including interviews with the parents, disclosed that several of the children had headache, dizziness and other complaints. These subjective complaints subsided with time, but with different patterns, in the younger and older age groups. It is concluded that the postconcussional syndrome is not uncommon in children, but it may be better tolerated and resolves more completely with time than in adults. Eight children (7%) had one seizure or more during the 5-year follow-up period.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of femoral head development in roentgenographically normal patients

Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 22 patients with roentgenographically normal hips were reviewed retrospectively and the findings categorized according to age. With increasing maturity, the MR intensity of the femoral heads on spin echo images increased, as marrow fat became a dominant tissue in the head. The femoral head pattern was relatively inhomogeneous, with a broad band of diminished intensity extending in a posteromedial to anterolateral direction, corresponding to the pattern of trabecular bone. The femoral capital epiphyses were visible in younger patients as structures of bright intensity which remained evident through early adulthood. The articular cartilage of the hip joint was noted as a distinctive halo around the femoral head. An understanding of the MR pattern of the normal hip will aid in the early recognition of pathologic conditions, such as osteonecrosis.     

Sensitivity to light and sound following minor head injury

9 consecutively referred closed head injury (CHI) patients were assessed for sensitivity to light and sound stimuli, within 7-19 days of injury, on both objective and subjective measures. Patients were matched with controls on age, sex, race, socio-economic status and order of test administration. The mean luminance (1366 lux) tolerated by CHI patients was significantly lower (0.01 level by Student's t-test for related samples) than that tolerated by controls (1783 lux). The mean sound intensity tolerated by CHI patients was also lower (82 db) than for controls (94 db), though this difference was not statistically significant. Subjective ratings of sensitivity made by CHI patients after exposure to intense sound and light stimuli, showed no relationship to objective ratings of tolerance. The results demonstrate an objective basis for complaints of increased sensitivity, at least to light, following CHI. These findings do not support earlier "psychogenic" explanations of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) etiology.     

递进式目标康复护理对老年股骨颈骨折人工置换患者的临床效果

目的：探究递进式目标康复护理对老年股骨颈骨折人工置换患者术后功能恢复的影响及护理体会。方法：选取河南大学第一附属医院2018年6月至2020年8月期间收治的112例老年股骨颈骨折人工置换患者,按照手术先后顺序分为观察组和对照组,各56例。对照组患者实施常规护理,观察组患者实施递进式目标康复护理干预,比较两组患者自我效能水平、髋关节功能及日常活动能力。结果：干预后观察组患者自我效能、髋关节功能、日常活动能力评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论：递进式目标康复护理干预的应用对促进老年股骨颈骨折人工置换患者自我效能水平,提高术后髋关节功能恢复情况,改善其日常活动能力等方面均具有较高的可行性。     

台前县居民股骨头坏死流行现状及其影响因素

目的 了解台前县居民股骨头坏死流行现状及可能的影响因素。方法 采用普查方式,对河南省台前县辖区内的常住人口入户进行股骨头坏死筛查,对于体格检查中发现的具有典型症状的疑似病例进行影像学检查予以确诊。以既往确诊为股骨头坏死的患者为病例组,按照1∶1匹配在同村同性别同年龄组（年龄差≤3岁）中选取排除骨科相关疾病的健康者为对照组,采用自行设计的调查问卷对病例组和对照组进行面对面调查。结果 共发现股骨头坏死患者1 126例,粗现患率3.01‰。男性714例,粗现患率1.91‰;女性412例,粗现患率1.10‰。≤14岁粗现患率0.024‰,15~59岁粗现患率1.76‰,≥60岁粗现患率1.22‰。多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,家庭收入>10 000元（OR=0.504）是股骨头坏死保护因素,以前饮酒（OR=2.597）、使用激素类药物（OR=18.926）和髋关节疾病家族史（OR=6.443）是股骨头坏死的危险因素。结论 台前县股骨头坏死患病率较高,男性多于女性,好发于青壮年,股骨头坏死与家庭收入、以前饮酒、使用激素类药物和髋关节疾病家族史有关。     

早期股骨头缺血坏死介入治疗的探讨（附15例报告）

目的：探索早期股骨头缺血性坏死的介入治疗方法及效果。方法：采用seldinger穿刺方法超选择插管至患侧旋股内,外动脉,注入治疗药物（溶栓,扩血管,改善微循环等）。介入前后分别血管造影,以观察血管数及近期疗效。结果：介入治疗后患髋股头颈区血管数较治疗前增多（P＜0．001）,髋关节疼痛缓解,功能改善。结论：对早期股骨头缺血性坏死实施介入治疗,能够改善患髋的血液循环,减轻临床症状,改善关节功能,是一种微创安全有效的新方法,对远期疗效和治疗机理尚有待进一步观察和研究。     

增骨健步汤预防激素性股骨头坏死的实验研究

目的：探讨增骨健步汤防治激素性骨头坏死的作用机理。方法：将24只健康兔随机分为3组：激素组、中药组及正常对照组。激素组和中药组分别给予醋酸强的松龙肌注造模型,中药组同时喂服增骨健步汤,激素组喂服等量生理盐水。10周后全部动物处死取血,行血液流变检测和取股骨头进行形态组织学观察。结论：增骨健步汤能显著降低血粘度、血脂水平,改善肌骨头血运、防治激素性肌骨头坏死。