Dietary intervention with vitamin D,calcium, and whey protein reduced fat mass and increased lean mass in rats

The aim of the current study was to determine the effects and the mechanisms of inclusion of dietary whey protein, high calcium, and high vitamin D intake with either a high-sucrose or high-fat base diets on body composition of rodents. Male Wistar rats were assigned to either no whey protein, suboptimal calcium (0.25%), and vitamin D (400 IU/kg) diet (LD), or a diet containing whey protein, high calcium (1.5%), and vitamin D (10 000 IU/kg) diet (HD), and either high-fat (40% of energy) or high-sucrose (60%) base diets for 13 weeks. Liver tissue homogenates were used to determine [¹⁴C]glucose and [¹⁴C]palmitate oxidation. mRNA expression of enzymes related to energy metabolism in liver, adipose, and muscle, as well as regulators of muscle mass and insulin receptor was assessed. The results demonstrated that there was reduced accumulation of body fat mass (P = .01) and greater lean mass (P = .03) for the HD- compared to LD-fed group regardless of the background diet. There were no consistent differences between the LD and HD groups across background diets in substrate oxidation and mRNA expression for enzymes measured that regulate energy metabolism, myostatin, or muscle vascular endothelial growth factor. However, there was an increase in insulin receptor mRNA expression in muscle in the HD compared to the LD groups. In conclusion, elevated whey protein, calcium, and vitamin D intake resulted in reduced accumulation of body fat mass and increased lean mass, with a commensurate increase in insulin receptor expression, regardless of the level of calories from fat or sucrose.     

防哮颗粒对哮喘缓解期大鼠血清IFN-γ和TNF-α的影响

目的探讨防哮颗粒对哮喘缓解期气道炎性损伤的防治机理。方法制作大鼠哮喘缓解期模型,观察防哮颗粒浓缩液灌胃后对模型大鼠血清IFN-γ和TNF-α的影响,并与固本咳喘片、酮替芬对照组比较。结果防哮颗粒能升高哮喘缓解期模型大鼠血清中IFN-γ含量,降低TNF-α含量,且与中、西药对照组比较差异有高度统计意义(P<0.01)。结论防哮颗粒可抑制模型大鼠气道炎症,降低气道高反应,故对哮喘缓解期模型大鼠气道炎性损伤具有良好的预防作用。     

旋花苗的生药学研究

目的:对旋花苗进行生药学研究,为临床应用和开发利用提供参考资料。方法:采用性状鉴定和显微鉴定。结果:旋花苗茎横切面的皮层和髓部薄壁细胞发达,维管束类型为双韧型维管束。叶横切面栅栏组织由2列短柱状细胞组成,主脉维管束也是双韧型维管束。粉末中导管和纤维较多,气孔为平轴式。结论:旋花苗的这些生药学特征可用于鉴别该生药。     

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ in Lung Cancer: Defining Specific Versus “Off-Target― Effectors

A large number of studies have indicated that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone inhibit tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. These agents are specific agonists for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) but also engage other pathways. In lung cancer, these agents have been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in xenograft models. Retrospective studies have indicated a significant decrease in lung cancer risk in patients using these agents, suggesting that TZDs may be chemopreventive for lung cancer. However, emerging data suggest that chronic use of these agents is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. It is therefore critical to determine the relative contributions of PPARγ-dependent versus PPARγ-independent pathways in mediating both the anti-tumorigenic effects and the cardiovascular effects of TZDs. This review examines these pathways with a specific focus on the role of TZDs and PPARγ in lung cancer.     

孕酮对大鼠大脑皮质神经元氨基酸类神经递质释放的影响

目的研究孕酮对大鼠大脑皮质神经元GLU和GABA释放的影响。方法孕酮(10μmol.L-1)处理原代培养的大鼠大脑皮质神经元,采用OPA-巯基乙醇柱前衍生,荧光检测-高效液相色谱法测定处理后不同时间点(0.5、1、1.5、2、24、36、48、72)细胞培养液中GLU和GABA的水平。结果与对照组相比,孕酮处理组1、1.5、2、24、36、48、72h GLU水平均下降(P<0.01);孕酮处理组0.5、1、1.5、2、24、36、48、72h GABA水平均升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论孕酮通过抑制神经元GLU的释放,促进GABA的释放来调节氨基酸类递质系统,进而影响神经系统的兴奋性。     

硫普罗宁缓释片的制备及体外释放度考察

目的制备硫普罗宁缓释片并对其体外释放度进行考察。方法以HPLC法为分析方法,采用相似因子法评价硫普罗宁缓释片体外释放行为。结果硫普罗宁缓释片的体外释放行为符合Highuchi方程。KollidonSR用量、填充剂的种类与用量及种类对药物的释放速度有较大影响,而硬度和释放介质的离子强度对药物的释放速度无显著影响。结论体外释放度符合缓释制剂要求,可进一步进行体内释药行为考察。     

Synthesis of (S)‐cyano(3‐phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1R,3R)‐ 3‐[(1Z)‐2‐chloro‐3,3,3‐trifluoro‐1‐propenyl]‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate‐1‐14C

γ‐Cyhalothrin ( 1a ), (S)‐cyano(3‐phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1R,3R)‐3‐[(1Z)‐2‐chloro‐3,3,3‐trifluoro‐1‐propenyl]‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, is a single‐isomer, synthetic pyrethroid insecticide marketed by Pytech Chemicals GmbH, a joint venture between Dow AgroSciences and Cheminova A/S. As a part of the registration process there was a need to incorporate a carbon‐14 label into the cyclopropyl ring of this molecule. A high yielding radiochemical synthesis of γ‐cyhalothrin was developed from readily available carbon‐14 labeled N‐t‐Boc protected glycine. This seven step synthesis, followed by a preparative normal phase HPLC separation of diastereomers, provided 21.8 mCi of γ‐cyhalothrin‐1‐¹⁴C ( 1b ) with >98% radiochemical purity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超短效与短效胰岛素强化治疗糖尿病的比较

目的:观察超短效人胰岛素类似物赖脯胰岛素(优泌乐,Lispro)与短效胰岛素诺和灵R(Novolin R)在强化治疗中的疗效差异。方法:60名2型糖尿病患者随机分为两组,胰岛素泵治疗1周,观察两组治疗前后不同时间点血糖值变化、达标时间、胰岛素用量及有无低血糖发生。结果:Lispro组较Novolink R组血糖达标时间短、胰岛素用量少、两组均未发生低血糖。结论:在胰岛素泵强化治疗中Lispro更具优势。     

三氧化二砷对人肺腺癌A549/R细胞多药耐药相关蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人肺腺癌A549/R细胞耐药性的逆转作用及对多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）表达的影响。方法以荧光分光光度计测定细胞内药物浓度的改变，采用半定量逆转录聚合酶联反应(RT PCR) 技术检测As2O3处理后A549/R MRP基因表达的变化。结果As2O3的非细胞毒性剂量可增加A549/R细胞内多柔比星(ADM)浓度，降低其IC50。A549/R细胞中MRP呈过表达状态，不同浓度的As2O3处理A549/R后MRP表达水平明显降低。结论As2O3可部分逆转A549/R细胞对ADM的耐药性，其逆转机制与改变MRP基因表达有关。     

美昧猕猴桃茎挥发油的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的分析鉴定美味猕猴桃茎挥发油的成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取美味猕猴桃茎的挥发油，用气相色谱-质谱联用法分离分析其成分及相对含量。结果鉴定其中19个化合物，占挥发性成分总量的97．37％。结论美味猕猴桃茎挥发油的主要成分是磷酸三丁酯、邻苯二甲酸双2-甲基丙酯、3，7-二甲基-3-羟基-1，6-辛二烯、2，4-二（1，1-二甲基乙基）苯酚、反式-2-甲基-5-（1-甲基乙烯基）环己酮。