The "throbbing sign"--an indication of early venous congestion in replantation surgery.

Venous congestion in a replanted or transplanted digit can be detected, even before any obvious color changes, by the "throbbing" elicited by pinching the digit between the thumb and finger of the examiner until the skin blanches. Releasing the pressure slowly, a sensation of throbbing will be felt synchronous with the patient's pulse rate. The sign disappears when venous congestion is relieved or when swelling persists and increases enough to lessen the arterial inflow.     

肿瘤坏死因子、更生霉素和干扰素-γ联合应用对人卵巢癌裸鼠模型的协同作用

目的：研究联合应用肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、干扰素－γ（IFN－γ）和更生霉素（KSM）对人卵巢癌裸鼠模型的协同作用。方法：将荷瘤裸鼠随机分成4组，分别用生理盐水、KSM、TNF＋IFN－γ、KSM＋TNF＋IFN－γ处理，观察肿瘤生长情况。结果：各组肿瘤相对体积比较，KSM组和KSM＋TNF＋IFN－γ组与对照组比较，差异有显著性（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）；TNF＋IFN－γ组与对照组比较，差异无显著性（P＞0．05），而KSM＋TNF＋IFN－γ组与KSM组比较，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：KSM与TNF、IFN－γ联合应用有协同抗卵巢癌细胞系3AO的作用，为临床应用提供了理论依据。     

低氧刺激鼻息肉黏膜上皮细胞炎性因子变化的初探

目的:研究低氧刺激慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）与正常鼻黏膜上皮细胞炎性因子的变化与异同,探讨其在CRSwNP发病机制中的作用。方法:选择2015年6月至2018年1月在吉林大学中日联谊医院就诊的68例CRSwNP患者,其中男性36例,女性32例,年龄（45.2±12.5）岁（ xˉ±s,下同）,患者的...     

山沉香化学成分研究

目的 研究山沉香Syringa pinnatifolia干燥茎的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20及RP-HPLC等色谱技术对山沉香干燥茎的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物结构.结果 从山沉香干燥茎95％乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为开环异落叶松脂醇(1)、(8R,8'R,9R)-3,3',9-三甲氧基-4,4'-二羟基-9,9'-环氧木脂素(2)、(8R,8'R,9S)-3,3',9-三甲氧基-4,4'-二羟基-9,9'-环氧木脂素(3)、左旋松脂醇(4)、(8R,8'R,9'S)-3,3',9 '-三甲氧基-4,4 '-二羟基-9,9'-环氧木脂素(5)、(8R,8'R,9'R)-3,3',9'-三甲氧基-4,4'-二羟基-9,9'-环氧木脂素(6)、(9S)-9-O-methylcubebin (7)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(8)、菲律宾胡椒素Ⅵ (9)、蛇菰宁(10)、落叶松萘酮(11).结论 化合物2～11均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

博落回中生物碱质谱裂解规律研究进展

博落回中生物碱的代谢途径可简化为：氨基酸→苄基异喹啉类生物碱→四氢原小檗碱型生物碱（或者转化成阿朴芬类生物碱）→N-甲基-四氢原小檗碱型生物碱（或者转化成原小檗碱型生物碱）→普罗托品类生物碱→二氢苯并菲啶类生物碱→苯并菲啶类生物碱→苯并菲啶类生物碱二聚体。对博落回代谢途径中9类生物碱质谱裂解规律的总结,为利用质谱裂解方式初步确定生物碱的结构类型;利用LC-MS鉴定不同产地、不同时期、不同部位博落回中标识性生物碱;以博落回中生物碱为原料而开发的中兽药药动学以及药物残留的研究;解析博落回中微量生物碱的结构式以及对其他天然药物中同类生物碱的质谱研究提供参考。     

Treatment of 40 cases of infantile convulsion by Tuina

Infantile convulsion is a common disease in infants and babies and often caused by scare and improper nursing. Its main clinical manifestations are fright,crying and waking up with a start, etc. Since 1998, we have treated 40 cases by Tuina. It is summarized as follows.     

异氟烷对幼小鼠自主活动和学习记忆行为的影响

目的观察异氟烷(Iso)对幼小鼠自主活动和学习记忆行为的影响,探讨其与γ-氨基丁酸A受体(GABAA)的关系。方法 360只小鼠分为3大组,分别进行自主活动实验、避暗实验和跳台实验,每大组按分层随机区组设计分为正常对照组,Iso 0.05,0.1和0.2 ml·kg-1组、GABAA受体特异性阻断剂一叶萩碱(Sec)2,4和8 mg.kg-1组和Iso 0.2 m.lkg-1+Sec 2,4和8 mg.kg-1组。小鼠sc给予Sec 10 min后,再ip给予Iso,测试给药后15,30,45和60 min小鼠5 min内活动次数;跳台仪和避暗仪记录小鼠步入、跳下的潜伏期和错误次数。结果与同一时间点的正常对照组相比,Iso可减少小鼠自主活动次数,给予Iso后1 d小鼠避暗实验和跳台实验的步入和跳下潜伏期缩短以及错误次数增加(P<0.05)。正常小鼠单独给Sec(除Sec 8 mg·kg-1组15 min外)对小鼠自主活动、步入和跳下潜伏期和错误次数无明显影响,但Sec可改善Iso导致的小鼠自主活动次数,拮抗Iso对小鼠自主活动的影响,但随着时间延长拮抗作用逐渐减弱,明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。Sec延长Iso小鼠的跳下和步入潜伏期,减少错误次数,基本恢复至正常对照组水平,明显改善Iso对幼小鼠学习记忆的影响(P<0.05)。结论 Iso可降低幼小鼠自主活动次数,损害学习记忆能力,GABAA受体可能部分参与了以上作用。     

Astrocytes in the damaged brain: Molecular and cellular insights into their reactive response and healing potential

Long considered merely a trophic and mechanical support to neurons, astrocytes have progressively taken the center stage as their ability to react to acute and chronic neurodegenerative situations became increasingly clear. Reactive astrogliosis starts when trigger molecules produced at the injury site drive astrocytes to leave their quiescent state and become activated. Distinctive morphological and biochemical features characterize this process (cell hypertrophy, upregulation of intermediate filaments, and increased cell proliferation). Moreover, reactive astrocytes migrate towards the injured area to constitute the glial scar, and release factors mediating the tissue inflammatory response and remodeling after lesion. A novel view of astrogliosis derives from the finding that subsets of reactive astrocytes can recapitulate stem cell/progenitor features after damage, fostering the concept of astroglia as a promising target for reparative therapies. But which biochemical/signaling pathways modulate astrogliosis with respect to both the time after injury and the type of damage? Are reactive astrocytes overall beneficial or detrimental for neuroprotection and tissue regeneration? This debate has been animating this research field for several years now, and an integrated view on the results obtained and the possible future perspectives is needed. With this Commentary article we have attempted to answer the above-mentioned questions by reviewing the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms controlling and sustaining the reaction of astroglia to injury and its stem cell-like properties. Moreover, the cellular/molecular mechanisms supporting the detrimental or beneficial features of astrogliosis have been scrutinized to gain insights on possible pharmacological approaches to enhance astrocyte neuroprotective activities.