Family History of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Responses to Orthostatic Stress

Cardiovascular effects of orthostatic stress (sitting to standing) were assessed in 60 healthy young male subjects according lo family history of hypertension (half with a positive and half with a negative family history' of hypertension). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBF) were recorded on each successive heart heal using a non-invasive blood pressure tracking system. Heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) were also recorded. During the postural change, characteristic phasic changes were shown with an initial fall and subsequent recover of SBP and DBF and a mirror image response in MR and RR. Phasic analysis of the pre-standing sit, peak/trough, and recovery stand values indicated group differences in the initial as well as the later phases of orthostatic response. In the initial phase, subjects with a positive family history of hypertension showed an earlier trough in systolic and pulse pressure and an earlier peak in heart rate response immediately on standing up. The level of the pulse pressure trough was also higher in these subjects. In the later standing phase, these subjects showed higher levels of pulse pressure. The results were interpreted in terms of increased sympathetic nervous system activity during the initial phase and structural and neurocirculatory abnormalities in the later phase of orthostatic regulation in individuals with a positive family history of hypertension.     

中学生对立违抗性障碍的父母养育方式和家庭环境特征的初步研究

目的：了解单纯对立违抗性障碍（ODD）儿童的父母养育方式及家庭功能。方法：应用向制儿童行为调查表、家庭环境量表中文版（FES～CV）、父母养育方式量表（EMBU），对115例单纯ODD儿童（研究组）和115名非ODD正常儿童（对照组）进行评定和病例对照分析，结果：ODD组儿童家庭矛盾性得分较对照组高（P〈0．01），ODD组父母双亲的“情感温暖．理解”得分均明显比对照组得分低（父亲P〈0．01，母亲P〈0.05）．而其“惩罚，严厉”和“拒绝，否认”二因子得分则明显比对照组高（P〈0．01）；ODD组母亲的“过分干涉，过度保护”，因子得分也明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：ODD中学生的家庭存在高度的矛盾性．他们的父母养育方式不良，应引起重视。     

一个遗传性智力迟缓家系的分析

目的 寻找由DNA损伤引起的人类表型缺陷，为人类遗传资源的收集与保藏以及人类基因结构与功能的研究打下基础。方法 通过实地调查得到表型缺陷家系，然后进行系谱分析。结果 得到一个遗传性智力迟缓家系，3代11位成员中有2例患者。结论 遗传性智力迟缓是由DNA损伤引起的人类表型缺陷；该病症符合X-连锁隐性遗传。     

SAGE遗传分析系统的功能及应用

SAGE是集多功能于一体的医学遗传学群体与家系资料计算机分析系统。本文概述SAGE系统的主要功能及应用环境。重点介绍了FCOR2和TDTEX两个功能模块的数学原理和使用方法。应用TDTEX模块 ,我们发现微卫星标记 85ca与小儿失神症存在连锁不平衡 ,提示在该位点附近存在小儿失神症的易感基因     

阈值校正方式对PET脑显像统计参数图分析显示结果的影响

目的 探讨各种阈值校正方法对统计参数图(SPM)软件统计比较结果显示的影响.方法 利用Hoffman标准脑模型制作缺损模型PET成像与正常模型PET成像,进行统计参数图的统计比较.并选取脑梗死患者与健康检查者进行统计参数图的统计比较.结果 校正与非校正产生的结果有差异,其中族错误率(FWE)校正(P=5×10-2)得到的统计分析结果激活区最少及最小,其次是错误发现率(FDR)校正(P=5×10-2),非校正方式(P=1×10-3)得到的激活区最多及最大.但FDR校正效果不稳定,有时不如不校正.结论 统计参数图软件中FWE校正方法可明显降低假阳性,得到的结果可信度稳定地高于非校正方法.     

Phenomenology and family history in DSM-III psychotic depression

Depressed inpatients with psychotic features were compared to those without them in terms of demographic features, depressive symptoms at intake and family history. These variables were then used to compare patients with mood-congruent psychotic features to those with mood-incongruent psychotic features. Patterns of familial psychopathology were similar for psychotic and non-psychotic patients. In accord with other studies, the families of mood-incongruent patients had slightly more schizophrenia and significantly less depression than did the families of mood-congruent patients. Depressive symptoms, particularly those used to define major depression and melancholia, were more severe in psychotic patients. Moreover, these particular depressive symptoms were more likely to distinguish mood-congruent from mood-incongruent patients than were other depressive symptoms. Thus mood-congruent psychotic features accompanied a more typical depressive syndrome than did mood-incongruent psychotic features.     

Neuroendocrine and Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity in Middle-Aged Normotensive Adults with Parental History of Cardiovascular Disease

Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular stress reactivity was studied in healthy middle-aged individuals whose parental history included essential hypertension and/or myocardial infarction and a control group without parental history of cardiovascular disease. All subjects completed a rest session (1 hour) and a stress session (1 hour). The stress session included behavioral (mirror image tracing, mental arithmetic, and the Stroop color word conflict test) and physical stressors (the cold pressor test and isometric exercise). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were recorded at baseline before and during all stressors. Specimens for determination of urinary catecholamines and cortisol were sampled after the rest and stress sessions respectively. Generally, a parental history of hypertension but not of myocardial infarction influenced neuroendocrine and cardiovascular stress reactivity. A family history of hypertension was associated with exaggerated epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol excretion during stress and with enhanced heart-rate reactivity to behavioral (mental arithmetic and mirror image tracing) but not to physical stressors (isometric exercise or the cold pressor test). We conclude that individuals with a family history of hypertension tend to display exaggerated cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactivity to stress.     

隔代抚养与老年人心理健康相关性的Meta分析

目的 对隔代抚养与老年人心理健康关系进行meta分析。 方法 检索PubMed、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普等中英文数据库,收集关于隔代抚养对老年人心理健康影响的相关文献,检索时限为自建库起至2021年5月。对纳入文献进行质量评价及数据整理。所有数据均采用RevMan 5.4软件进行meta分析。结果 最终纳入20篇文献,总样本量69 974例。Meta分析结果显示:在认知功能（SMD = 0.32, 95%CI:0.28～0.36, P＜0.001）、生活满意度（SMD = 0.06, 95%CI:0.04～0.09, P＜0.001）及自评健康（SMD = 0.08, 95%CI:0.02～0.14, P = 0.010）评估中,隔代抚养组评估结果优于非隔代抚养组,呈正相关且有统计学差异;在抑郁状况（SMD = - 0.04, 95%CI: - 0.09～0.01, P = 0.150）评估中,隔代抚养组评估结果劣于非隔代抚养组,呈负相关且有统计学差异。亚组分析结果显示:与非隔代抚养组相比,国外隔代抚养组（SMD = 0.27, 95%CI:0.15～0.39, P＜0.001）;国内隔代抚养组（SMD = - 0.07, 95%CI: - 0.09～ - 0.05, P＜0.001）老年人抑郁状况差异具有统计学意义。祖父抚养组与祖母抚养组（SMD = - 0.32, 95%CI: - 0.40～ - 0.24, P＜0.001）;城镇抚养组与农村抚养组（SMD = - 0.23, 95%CI: - 0.30～ - 0.17, P＜0.001）抑郁状况差异具有统计学意义。结论 隔代抚养对老年人的认知功能、生活满意度及自评健康有维持和促进作用。国家、性别及地域是隔代抚养老年人抑郁状况的重要影响因素。     

成都市家庭医生服务现状的定性研究

目的 本研究针对成都市基层医疗卫生服务机构,调查分析了家庭医生服务开展现况、存在的问题,以及家医服务平台的建设情况并提出了改进建议。方法 本研究共抽取了成都市六个基层社区卫生服务机构,对每家机构的1名管理人员和1个家庭医生团队分别进行深入访谈和专题小组访谈,调查时间为2020年12月—2021年2月。结果 成都市双向转诊取得一定成效,但下转难情况依然突出;有偿签约效果不好,居民就诊观念需转变;基层卫生技术人员不足,家医服务增加了日常工作量;家医信息化平台存在诸多问题,功能亟需改善;家医的绩效考核制度有一定激励作用,但仍需完善;基层卫生投入不足,家医政策落地难。结论 规范分级诊疗秩序,畅通双向转诊通道;加强官方媒体宣传力度,转变居民就诊观念;提升基层职业吸引力,培养优质人才;加强信息化建设,完善家庭医生信息化服务平台;健全家庭医生绩效考核制度,调动工作积极性;完善家医配套政策与措施,强化基层机构服务能力。