雌二醇对系统性红斑狼疮患者骨髓造血干/祖细胞的影响

目的 体外观察雌二醇（E2）对系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者骨髓干／祖细胞的影响。方法 分别用流式细胞仪、半固体休落培养观察17例SLE患者骨髓CD34^ 细胞、CD34^ CD38^－亚群、混合细胞集落（GEMM－CFU）和粒巨噬细胞集落（GM－CFU）的改变。体外观察E2、E2＋其拮抗剂他莫西芬对SLE患者骨髓GM－CFU的作用。结果 ①SLE患者CD34^ 细胞、GEMM－CFU、GM－CFU的形成校正这对照组明显减少；②E2对女性SLE较男性SLE、正常对照组的GM－CFU集落形成有明显的抑制作用；③他莫西芬可逆转E2对女性SLE患者的GM－CFU抑制作用。结论 SLE患者较后期的干细胞、祖细胞存在异常，雌激素可能介导了SLE患者骨髓造血干／祖细胞异常的发生。     

前列腺增生症中雌,孕激素受体检测

应用亲和组织化学方法，对３８例前列腺增生症手术摘除标本进行酶联雌二醇（Ｅ＿２－ＨＲＰ）和酶联孕酮（Ｐｇ－ＨＲＰ）标记，并结合病理组织分型及年龄，观察雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和孕激素受体（ＰＲ）的分布及其阳性反应强度。结果表明位于尿道周围区的女性前列腺部ＥＲ和ＰＲ含量高于前列腺周边部；在前列腺增生症中，纤维肌腺瘤样型及平滑肌瘤样型受体阳性率较高；随年龄增加受体检测的阳性率亦增加。     

抗苗勒管激素在子宫全切术后卵巢功能评价中的研究

目的：研究抗苗勒管激素（AMH）在子宫全切术后卵巢功能变化监测中的意义,探讨子宫全切对卵巢功能的影响。方法选取因子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌病行腹腔镜下子宫全切术并保留双侧附件的患者30例（全切组）和同期健康妇女30例（对照组）,测定患者血清中的 AMH、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）和雌二醇（E2）水平和同时经阴道超声测量卵巢体积（OV）和卵巢间质动脉的阻力指数（RI）,比较两组水平。结果全切组 AMH、FSH、LH 和 E2术前[（1.49±075）μg/L、（9.45±4.05）U /L、（10.02±7.90）U /L、（55.55±14.68）ng/L]与术后1个月[（1.10±0.48）μg/L、（12.44±6.76）U /L、（13.97±7.28）U /L、（44.45±13.81）ng/L]比较,全切组术后6个月 AMH[（0.72±0.59）μg/L]与术前比较,全切组术后1个月 AMH、FSH、LH 和 E2与对照组1个月后[（1.47±0.75）μg/L、（9.56±3.61）U /L、（9.94±6.04）U /L、（51.53±14.60）ng/L]比较,全切组术后6个月 AMH与对照组6个月[（1.46±0.83）μg/L]比较,全切组 OV 和 RI 术前[（6.63±2.37）cm、（0.59±0.20）]与术后1个月[（3.57±1.03）cm、（0.73±0.08）]比较,全切组 OV 和 RI 术后1个月与对照组1个月[（6.71±2.36）cm、（0.69±0.21）]比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论子宫全切术对卵巢功能近期有影响,AMH 是监测卵巢功能变化更可靠、更敏感的指标。     

Genome-wide association studies on serum sex steroid levels

Even though the levels of circulating sex steroid hormones are to a large extent heritable, their genetic determinants are largely unknown. With the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), much progress has been made and several genetic loci have been identified to be associated with serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. The variants identified so far only explain a small amount of the overall heritability, but may help to elucidate the role of sex steroid hormones in common disorders such as hypogonadism, type 2 diabetes and hormone-sensitive cancers. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of the genetic determinants of sex steroid hormones, with a focus on recent GWAS and brief directions for elucidating the remaining heritability.     

Objective sleep interruption and reproductive hormone dynamics in the menstrual cycle

ObjectivesWomen report greater sleep disturbance during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle and during menses. However, the putative hormonal basis of perceived menstrual cycle-related sleep disturbance has not been investigated directly. We examined associations of objective measures of sleep fragmentation with reproductive hormone levels in healthy, premenopausal women.MethodsTwenty-seven women with monthly menses had hormone levels measured at two time points during a single menstrual cycle: the follicular phase and the peri-ovulatory to mid-luteal phase. A single night of home polysomnography (PSG) was recorded on the day of the peri-ovulatory/mid-luteal-phase blood draw. Serum progesterone, estradiol, and estrone levels concurrent with PSG and rate of change in progesterone (PROGslope) from the follicular blood draw to PSG were correlated with log-transformed wake after sleep onset (lnWASO%) and number of wakes/hour of sleep (lnWake-Index) using linear regression.ResultsSleep was more fragmented in association with a steeper PROGslope (lnWASO% p = 0.016; lnWake-Index p = 0.08) and higher concurrent estrone level (lnWASO% p = 0.03; lnWake-Index p = 0.01), but the effect of estrone on WASO was lost after accounting for PROGslope. WASO% and Wake-Index were not associated with concomitant progesterone or estradiol levels.ConclusionsA steeper rate of rise in progesterone levels from the follicular phase through the mid-luteal phase was associated with significantly greater WASO, establishing a link between reproductive hormone dynamics and sleep fragmentation in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.     

维吾尔族男性血清性激素结合球蛋白与2型糖尿病及其危险因素的相关性分析

目的 探讨维族男性血清性激素结合球蛋白、性激素与2型糖尿病及其危险因素的关系.方法 用随机对照方法纳入维族男性2型糖尿病患者81例和正常对照组65例,分别测量血压,检测空腹血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、性激素、性激素结合球蛋白,计算体重指数和胰岛素抵抗指数,比较2型糖尿病组和对照组的上述指标水平,并探讨性激素、性激素结合球蛋白与2型糖尿病相关指标及其危险因素的关系.结果 2型糖尿病组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白均高于正常对照组,而性激素结合球蛋白、睾酮低于正常对照组,P均小于0.05.应用Pearson相关以及Spearman秩相关作相关分析,维族男性2型糖尿病患者血清性激素结合球蛋白、血清睾酮均分别与体重指数（r=-0.485,r=-0.543）、空腹胰岛素（r=-0.467,r=-0.423）、甘油三酯（r=-0.442,r=-0.351）呈负相关,血清睾酮与高密度脂蛋白（r=0.317）呈正相关,P均小于0.05.结论 在维族男性中,血清性激素结合球蛋白、血清睾酮可能是2型糖尿病的保护因素.     

2-甲氧雌二醇的抗乳腺癌作用及其机制

2-甲氧雌二醇（2-ME）是雌二醇的一种天然代谢产物,具有包括抗乳腺癌在内的广谱抗肿瘤作用。研究发现,这种抗肿瘤作用主要与其抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡及抑制血管生成有关,而与雌激素受体无关。因此被认为可以用于乳腺癌治疗。2-ME因可口服、不良反应轻、与其他抗癌药物有协同作用而无交叉耐药,具有良好的应用前景。     

Estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone potentiate levodopa-induced locomotor activity in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine monkeys

Six monkeys were rendered hemiparkinsonian with a unilateral injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. These monkeys displayed ipsilateral circling under basal conditions, and after dopaminergic stimulation with levodopa they decreased their ipsilateral circling and started turning to the contralateral side of their lesion. The effect of 17β-estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was investigated in these animals. 17β-Estradiol (0.1 mg/kg) added to a threshold dose of levodopa significantly potentiated contralateral circling (mean/30 min) compared to saline or threshold levodopa treatment whereas the duration of circling remained unchanged. DHEA (1–15 mg/kg) alone induced contralateral circling, compared to saline treatment, for 90 min. In addition, DHEA (1–15 mg/kg) potentiated the contralateral circling (mean/30 min) induced by a threshold dose of levodopa and did not change the duration of levodopa circling. A maximal response was observed with 1 or 5 mg/kg of DHEA combined with levodopa depending on the monkey. No correlation was found between the dose for the maximal DHEA response and baseline circling or threshold dose of levodopa. These results suggest that 17β-estradiol or DHEA is able to potentiate locomotor activity of hemiparkinsonian monkeys. The DHEA doses investigated are similar to those presently used in humans. DHEA may be an alternative to 17β-estradiol to modulate dopaminergic activity.     

产后抑郁症与雌激素及单胺递质水平的相关性研究

目的探讨雌二醇及单胺递质——5羟色胺、多巴胺水平与产后抑郁症的关系。方法对342例产后42d内的产妇,应用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）、Beck抑郁量表（BDI）、一般健康问卷（GHQ）进行评定。以EPDS总分≥13分为产后抑郁症诊断标准,并分为抑郁症组与正常组,应用放射免疫法测定两组妇女血浆雌二醇和5羟色胺、多巴胺水平。结果（1）发生率：产后抑郁症发生率为16．7％（57／342）。发生率最高的年龄段为35岁以上（22．2％）;23岁以下发生率最低（12．5％）,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。本科及以上学历的发生率较高,为21．3％,文化程度为大专及中专者发生率仅7．9％,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。（2）生物学指标测定：抑郁症组妇女雌二醇水平为（64．39±0．22）pmol／L,明显低于正常组的（126．18±0．47）pmol／L,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;抑郁症组妇女5羟色胺水平为（1．09±0．21）μmol／L,明显低于正常组的（2．67±0．36）μmol／L,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;抑郁症组妇女多巴胺水平为（5．21±0．54）μmol／L,明显高于正常组的（3．16±0．98）μmol／L,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。（3）雌二醇水平与EPDS、BDI、GHQ量表分值呈负相关（相关系数分别为-0．53,-0．76,-0．35;P〈0．05）,即雌二醇水平越低,产后EPDS、BDI、GHQ量表分值越高;5羟色胺水平与EPDS、BDI、GHQ量表分值呈负相关（相关系数分别为-0．18,-0．28,-0．11;P〈0．05）,即5羟色胺水平越低,产后EPDS、BDI、GHQ量表分值越高;多巴胺水平与EPDS、BDI量表分值呈正相关,与GHQ量表分值呈无相关性（相关系数分别为0．12,0．07,0．00;P〉0．05）。结论EPDS、BDI、GHQ量表评定可作为筛选产后抑郁症的依据,雌二醇及5羟色胺、多巴胺水平的测定可为产后抑郁症的诊断提供客观的生物学指标。     

Prediction of pregnancy in IVF cycles on the fourth day of ovarian stimulation

Purpose Prediction of IVF outcome on the first days of ovarian stimulation has focused clinical research for many years. The aim of this work is to predict the probability of pregnancy on the fourth day of ovarian stimulation for IVF cycle, using parameters usually determined in this stage—estradiol, antral follicle count—together with parameters determined previously: FSH on the third day of cycle and women age. Materials and methods One hundred and ten patients with primary infertility due to a tubal factor were recruited to participate in a prospective study. FSH was determined on the third day of spontaneous cycle. Antral follicles and estradiol were measured on the fourth day of ovarian stimulation. After oocyte pick-up, quality and quantity of oocytes and embryos and pregnancy rates were assessed. Results In stepwise multiple logistic regression the variables with better predictiveness over pregnancy are: antral follicles count, estradiol and woman age. The logistic regression analyses demonstrate that the capacity of the model that uses these variables to predict pregnancy is 75%, with a positive predictive value of 69% and a negative predictive value of 80%. Conclusions On the fourth day of ovarian stimulation of IVF cycles, the variables with highest predictiveness are: antral follicle count, estradiol and women age. When these variables are included in a model of prediction, the capacity to predict pregnancy is 75%. On the fourth day of ovarian stimulation for IVF cycles, antral follicles count, estradiol and woman age predict IVF outcome as reflected by quantity and quality of oocytes, embryos obtained and pregnancy rates.