新改良式远端脾肾静脉分流术

本文报告一种新的改良式远端脾肾静脉分流术,即脾静脉与左肾静脉侧侧吻合、脾静脉远端结扎,再将胃冠状静脉结扎。作者经治7例,初步观察疗效较好,术后无死亡,无复发出血,无肝性脑病发生。本文对这种手术的步骤和优点进行了讨论和分析。     

Significance of beaten copper appearance on skull radiographs in children with isolated sagittal synostosis

Aims and Objectives The significance of beaten copper appearance (BCA) on skull radiographs in children following surgery for isolated sagittal craniosynostosis has not been studied. This study was designed to look for any correlation between BCA and symptoms suggestive of intracranial hypertension in this group of patients. Materials and Methods Forty-eight consecutive children, who were operated for isolated sagittal synostosis from1987 to 2000 and had postoperative skull radiographs, were included. Patients were divided into: (a) BCA group (n = 20), consisting of children who had beaten copper appearance on skull radiographs at last follow up, and (b) Non-BCA group (n = 28), consisting of children who did not have this finding. Records were reviewed to look for symptoms suggestive of intracranial hypertension, such as headache, head banging, and irritability. Results Median age at surgery was 4.8 months for BCA group and 4 months for the non-BCA group. Follow up ranged from 4 to 156 months with a mean of 36.2 months. Total of 28.6% (n = 6) of the children with follow up radiographs done at ≤18 months of age had BCA. The incidence of BCA increased to 83.3% in children with skull radiographs performed after 48 months of age. In 18 (90%) children, the BCA was ‘diffuse’ with 5 (25%) children having the maximum possible score of 8. In the BCA group, 45% (n = 9) had symptoms compared to 10.7% (n = 3) in the control group (p = 0.0068). Conclusions This study suggests a significant number of children with BCA on radiographs develop symptoms suggestive of raised ICP following surgical treatment in infancy and prolonged follow up may be warranted in this group of patients.     

Comparative study of renal sodium transport between ouabain-hypertensive rats and ouabain-nonhypertensive rats

Objective: To compare renal sodium transport, using fractional excretions of lithium(FELi) as a marker of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption, between hypertensive and non-hypertensive ouabain-treated rats and further to elucidate the role of ouabain in pathogenesis of hypertension. Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 180-200 g were randomly divided into normal control group and ouabain treated group. Rats were infused with 1 ml/kg·d normal saline or 27. 8μg/kg·d ouabain in-traperitoneally once a day respectively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate and body weight were recorded weekly. Rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after treatment. Blood and 24-hour urine sample were collected to measure the serum and urinary concentration of sodium, trace lithium and creatinine. Endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr), fractional excretions of sodium (FENa), fractional excretions of lithium (FELi) and fractional reabsorption of sodium in the postproximal tubules (FDRNa) were calculated. Ouabain levels of plasma and renal tissue, plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and aldosterone concentration were determined. Results: 65% of the ouabain-treated rats achieved significantly higher SBP after 4 weeks, compared with that of the saline control groups or self baseline (P<0. 01). But in the other 35% of the ouabain-treated rats, their SBP was similar with control group during the experiment (P>0. 05). The body weight, heart rate and food intake between the 3 groups were no significant differences (P> 0. 05). FELi and FDRNa were significantly lower in ouabain-hypertensive group compared with ouabain-non-hypertensive group and control group(P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). The FEu and FDRn, of ouabain-nonhyper-tensive groups were similar with control group(P>0. 05). Ccr and FENa were comparable between the 3 groups (P>0. 05). Plasma and renal tissue ouabain levels, plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and aldosterone contents in ouabain-hypertensive rats were comparable with ouabain-nonhypertensive rats. Conclusion: Increase of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption play an important role in the pathogenesis of ouabain-hypertensive rats. The change of renal sodium transport may result from regulation to renal Na+ , K + -ATPase by ouabain.     

特发性震颤的临床特点分析

目的探讨特发性震颤（essential tremor,ET）的临床特点。方法回顾性分析98例ET患者的临床资料。结果98例ET中男56例,女42例。发病年龄6～72岁,平均43．08±18．18岁。病程1～48年,平均14．04±11．39年。48例（48．98％）患者有阳性家族史。临床主要表现为单症状的姿势性震颤,累及部位依次为手98例（100％）、头38例（38．78％）、下肢28例（28．57％）、咽喉部16例（16．33％）、下颏10例（10．20％）等。64例患者做了饮酒试验,其中58例（90．63％）有酒精反应。84．62％的患者服用盐酸阿罗洛尔治疗有效。结论特发性震颤的临床表现以单症状姿势性震颤为主,手及头部受累明显,多数患者对酒精有反应,盐酸阿罗洛尔治疗有效。     

Management of ascites in cirrhosis

Ascites is one of the earliest and most common complications of patients with cirrhosis. A typical circulatory dysfunction characterized by arterial vasodilation, high cardiac output and stimulation of vasoactive systems is commonly present in these patients and is associated with a poor prognosis. The treatment of ascites has been based on the combination of a low-sodium diet and the administration of diuretics. The reintroduction of paracentesis and the recent introduction of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) are the most relevant innovations in the treatment of ascites during the past two decades, although controlled trials in large series of patients are needed to delineate whether TIPS is a safe and useful treatment for these patients.     

Hepatic-pericardio-phrenic collateral (natural shunt) in a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome

Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction, Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), leads to portal hypertension and to the development of collaterals that bypass the obstruction. Described here is a BCS patient with an unusually large transdiaphragmatic collateral between the left hepatic and left innominate veins, which decompressed the oesophageal varices. This has not been reported earlier in the literature.     

Extrinsic compression of the renal artery by diaphragmatic crus

Extrinsic compression of the renal artery due to a fibromuscular band originating from the diaphragm was encountered in a 26-year-old patient who had systemic hypertension associated with stenosis and kinking of one of her renal arteries. After surgical decompression, the renal artery assumed a normal expansion with disappearance of hypertension. Six other cases of extrinsic compression of the renal artery have been found in the literature. Surgical treatment is mandatory in all cases because the mechanism that causes the lesion makes percutaneous transluminal angioplasty illusory.     

Left internal carotid artery dissection presenting with headache, Collet-Sicard syndrome and sustained hypertension

The baroreflex maintains blood pressure through the glossopharyngeal (IX) cranial nerve. We report a 54-year-old man who developed a left sided headache, hoarseness, dysarthria, dysphagia, and sustained hypertension from a left internal carotid artery dissection. We hypothesise that interruption of the left IX nerve caused hypertension in this patient.     

VEGETARIAN DIET COMPONENTS,PROTEIN AND BLOOD PRESSURE: WHICH NUTRIENTS ARE IMPORTANT?

1. Evidence that vegetarian dietary patterns lower blood pressure (BP) comes from both population studies and randomized controlled trials in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. 2. The effect has been shown most clearly in those who keep to a strict lacto-ovo vegetarian diet characterized by a relatively low intake of saturated fat, a high polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio, and a high intake of fruit, vegetables and other fibre containing products. Randomized controlled dietary trials suggest the effects are independent of dietary sodium, additive to that of calorie restriction, and not due to the absence of meat protein per se. Indeed, recent population studies suggest an inverse relationship between dietary protein and BP. 4. Dietary fats, fibre, potassium, magnesium and calcium do not independently seem to account for the effects. A possible role for complex carbohydrate in conjunction with the other dietary factors has yet to be fully explored.