红细胞聚集增高与纤维蛋白原的关系及其对心绞痛患者发病的影响

目的 :探讨红细胞聚集改变与纤维蛋白原的关系及其对心绞痛发病的影响。方法 :测定 80例不稳定性心绞痛患者和 40例健康人的红细胞聚集指数 (光密度法 )、红细胞变形指数 (激光衍射法 )、血浆及全血粘度 (旋转式粘度计 )和纤维蛋白原 (双缩脲法 )。结果 :不稳定性心绞痛患者红细胞聚集指数和全血粘度 ( 4 0s- 1 )及纤维蛋白原浓度均高于对照组 (P均 <0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ,且红细胞聚集指数与纤维蛋白原呈直线正相关 ,与全血粘度 ( 4 0s- 1 )无相关性。结论 :纤维蛋白原含量增加是红细胞聚集增强的主要原因之一 ;红细胞聚集能力增强导致血液高粘滞 ,与心绞痛发作有关 ;选择 10s- 1 以下切变率测定低切全血粘度 ,利于观察全血粘度与红细胞聚集的关系     

磁场对红细胞变形性影响的研究

将兔血置于０．２～１．０Ｔ范围内不同强度的恒定磁场中照射后，用激光衍射法测量红细胞的变形指数ＤＩ及积分变形指数ＩＤＩ。实验结果表明，在０．２Ｔ磁场中照射３０分钟可使红细胞的ＤＩ及ＩＤＩ明显增加，即在这一条件下磁场可改善红细胞的变形性。而磁场强度增加或照射时间延长都不利于红细胞变形能力的改善。     

壳聚糖醋酸溶液对凝血作用的研究

研究了不同脱乙酰度和不同分子量壳聚糖醋酸溶液的凝血作用。发现壳聚糖醋酸溶液使抗凝血液中红细胞发生了明显的聚集和变形。通过不同分子量和脱乙酰度壳聚糖的促红细胞聚集实验,证明了低脱乙酰度壳聚糖(60%~70%)使红细胞聚集效果更好,分子量在105~106范围内作用不十分明显。对血液的凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分促凝血酶原激酶时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原浓度(FIB)的测定结果验证了壳聚糖醋酸溶液凝血机理不依赖于血小板和常规“瀑布”凝血机制。     

Red cell transfusion in medicine: Future challenges

Many side-effects of red blood cell transfusion have been described. They include iron-overload, as well as allo- and autoantibody formation against red cells. During storage, erythrocytes undergo complex structural and biochemical changes. It has been suggested that accelerated and/or aberrant forms of the physiological erythrocyte aging process underlie the red cell storage lesion. This storage lesion may contribute to side-effects of transfusion as endothelial damage by release of internal erythrocyte constituents, (pro)inflammatory consequences, hampered microcirculation and oxygen delivery. Understanding the process that determines the fate of red blood cells after transfusion may contribute to the prevention of side-effects after red blood cell transfusion. This should be the focus of research on red blood cell transfusion in clinical transfusion medicine.     

Red cell 2,3-DPG,ATP, and mean cell volume in highly trained athletes

Summary 20 male elite long distance runners were compared to a control group of blood donors to determine the effect of training on red blood cells. The acute effects of exercise on red cells were investigated in 11 of the runners following a race of 15–30 km. The runners had elevated resting values of red cell 2,3-DPG (P<0.05) and mean cell volume (P<0.01); blood Hb and ATP were not different from concentrations in the control group. The red cell status of the athletes may be explained by an increased proportion of young erythrocytes in runners. No statistically significant changes in red cell 2,3-DPG, ATP, mean cell volume or blood Hb were found post exercise.     

低粘低切流场中渗透压对红细胞取向与变形的影响

本文研究了低粘低切流场中渗透压对红细胞取向与变形的影响，发现随着渗透压的变化，ＤＩ、ＤＩｏｒ有相同的变化形式，而ＤＩｄ基本保持不变。说明低粘低切流场中，ＤＩｄ可能只与红细胞膜的力学性质有关。而ＤＩｏｒ可能反映红细胞膜及其整体的弯曲弹性膜量。     

右旋糖酐40、70对红细胞与内皮细胞粘附的影响

采用流室显微观察系统，定量研究右旋糖酐４０（ＤＸ４０）和右旋糖酐７０（ＤＸ７０）对红细胞与内皮细胞动态粘附特性的影响。统计分析处理数据，得到反映切应力与细胞间动态粘附数关系的经验公式及粘附特征常数ａ，ｂ值。ａ值反映红细胞的初始粘附数，ｂ值反映随切应力增大，粘附数减小的速率。ＤＸ７０实验组的ａ值大于ＤＸ４０组的，而ｂ值的情况相反。故结果显示切应力越大，粘附的红细胞越少；ＤＸ４０使红细胞的粘附明显减少；ＤＸ７０使红细胞粘附显著增加。由此提示不同长度的细胞桥接分子对红细胞的粘附影响不同，且临床上选用ＤＸ４０作血浆扩容剂较ＤＸ７０优越得多     

Cation-osmotic haemolysis in stroke patients

Erythrocyte microrheology changes were measured by cation-osmotic haemolysis (COH) in healthy donors, patients with ischameic stroke, and patients who died within four days after a stroke. COH in patients with stroke was significantly decreased in comparison with that from healthy donors. In patients who died, COH was significantly decreased compared to patients who survived. The relationship between cationosmotic haemolysis and erythrocyte deformability is discussed.     

702例正常成人红细胞变形性与性别、年龄的相关性

采用激光衍射法对７０２例正常成人的红细胞变形指数ＤＩ值测定，并将测得的各个数据随年龄增长配对分不同年龄（范围）组作相关性研究。结果发现正常成人红细胞变形性随增龄呈抛物线状的改变。性别年龄与红细胞变形性关系有如下特征：（１）１８～２９岁男女组的ＤＩ值随增龄呈上升状态，达到正常成人的高峰，与增龄呈显著正相关，相关有显著意义，Ｐ＜０．０５。（２）１８～４４岁男女组随增龄ＤＩ值开始呈缓慢下降趋势，相关性由１８～２９岁的正相关逐渐过渡到负相关，相关无显著性意义，Ｐ＞０．０５。（３）１８～４９岁开始直至７９岁男女各组随增龄红细胞变形性明显下降，与增龄呈显著负相关，相关有非常显著意义，Ｐ＜０．００１。男女性的ＤＩ值，５４岁以前男女各组间比较，经ｔ检验，无显著性差异，Ｐ＞０．０５；１８～５９、１８～６４、１８～７４和１８～７９岁男女组间比较，有显著性差异，Ｐ＜０．０５。结果提示：正常成人在青年、壮年和老年前期、老年期的红细胞变形性有其不同变化特点，性别年龄与红细胞变形性相关有显著意义。     

Haematological characteristics of captive Parma wallabies (Macropus parma)

 Blood was collected from 31 Parma wallabies from five different captive populations. The morphology of erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets was similar to that previously described for macropodids. The effects of location (population), anaesthesia and analyser on the haematological characteristics of the wallabies were considered. Location had an affect on many of the values, anaesthesia affected some of the leucocyte values, and analyser had little effect. Received: 22 November 2002 / Accepted 13 February 2003 Acknowledgements We thank Mrs R. Power, Ms S. Bayliss, Ms T. Smith and Mrs P. Slack for technical assistance, Mr D. Hopcroft for assistance with electron microscopy and Mr D. Hedderly for performing the statistical analyses.