胆管树干细胞在肝脏和胰腺再生中的研究进展

胆管树干细胞(biliary tree stem cells,BTSCs)是一类存在于胆管壁上胆周腺内的干细胞,具有分化为成熟肝细胞、胆管上皮细胞及胰腺内分泌细胞等类型细胞的多向分化潜能,在肝损伤治疗、糖尿病救治等方面具有巨大应用前景.本文结合胆管及其相关组织的胚胎发育过程、解剖学特征、BTSCs谱系分布特点及分子标志...     

Pterostilbene Fails to Rescue Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Multiple Murine Models of Diabetes

Diabetes incidence is rising globally at an accelerating rate causing issues at both the individual and societal levels. However, partly inspired by Ayurvedic medicine, a naturally occurring compound called pterostilbene has been demonstrated to protect against diabetes symptoms, though mainly in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the putative protective effect of pterostilbene on the two main aspects of diabetes, namely insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion, in mice. To accomplish this, we employed diet-induced obese as well as streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6NTac mice for fasting glucose homeostasis assessment, tolerance tests and pancreas perfusions. In addition, we used the polygenic model of diabetes TALLYHO/JngJ to assess for prevention of β-cell burnout. We found that the diet-induced obese C57BL/6NTac mice were insulin resistant, but that pterostilbene had no impact on this or on overall glucose regulation. We further found that the reported protective effect of pterostilbene against streptozotocin-induced diabetes was absent in C57BL/6NTac mice, despite a promising pilot experiment. Lastly, we observed that pterostilbene does not prevent or delay onset of β-cell burnout in TALLYHO/JngJ mice. In conjunction with the literature, our findings suggest variations in the response to pterostilbene between species or between strains of species.     

胰腺结核2例并文献复习

胰腺结核相对罕见但预后良好, 手术、抗结核药物治疗均具有较好疗效。然而, 其临床症状、实验室检查、影像表现均缺乏特异性, 极易误诊为肿瘤性病变而行不必要的手术切除。本文报告2例经手术及抗结核治疗证实的胰腺结核病例及其诊治过程, 旨在提高对胰腺结核的认识。     

Prospective, Randomized, Multi-Center Trial of Antibody Induction Therapy in Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation

A randomized, multicenter, prospective study was conducted at 18 pancreas transplant centers in the United States to determine the role of induction therapy in simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation. One hundred and 74 recipients were enrolled: 87 recipients each in the induction and noninduction treatment arms. Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups for patient, kidney, and pancreas graft survival at 1-year. The 1-year cumulative incidence of any treated biopsy-confirmed or presumptive rejection episodes (kidney or pancreas) in the induction and noninduction treatment arms was 24.6% and 31.2% (p = 0.28), respectively. The 1-year cumulative incidence of biopsy-confirmed, treated, acute kidney allograft rejection in the induction and noninduction treatment arms was 13.1% and 23.0% (p = 0.08), respectively. Biopsy-confirmed kidney allograft rejection occurred later post-transplant and appeared to be less severe among recipients that received induction therapy. The highest rate of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia/syndrome was observed in the subgroup of recipients who received T-cell depleting antibody induction and received organs from CMV serologically positive donors. Decisions regarding the routine use of induction therapy in SPK transplantation must take into consideration its differential effects on risk of rejection and infection.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤CT征象及误诊分析

目的 探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas,SPTP)CT征象及误诊原因.方法 对经术后病理检查证实SPTP 39例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组CT检查误诊21例,误诊率53.8％.39例中23例无明确既往史,5例有胰腺炎病史,5例年龄较大均有"...     

Neuroendocrine Tumor Arising within Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Pancreas: Literature Review and Case Report

Cystic teratomas are germ cell tumors most commonly found in the ovaries and testes. The pancreas, however, is very rare as a site of occurrence. Moreover, only two cases of cystic teratoma with concomitant neuroendocrine tumor have been reported to date. We report the case of a 33-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen revealed an 85 mm cystic tumor in the head of the pancreas. Cystic teratoma and mucinous cystadenoma were suggested as differential diagnoses. Cytopathologic analysis of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was consistent with mucinous cystadenoma. Therefore, the patient underwent surgical resection. Histologic analysis revealed a mature cystic teratoma of the pancreas with a concomitant neuroendocrine tumor. The patient is in great condition at 8 months follow-up. Cystic teratoma of the pancreas with a concomitant neuroendocrine tumor is an extremely rare condition. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment as it provides a definitive diagnosis and no recurrences have been reported to date.     

黄芪多糖对脾虚湿困大鼠内分泌、免疫相关因子的影响

目的:研究黄芪多糖对脾虚湿困大鼠内分泌、免疫相关因子的影响,探讨黄芪多糖健脾祛湿机制。方法:高脂低蛋白饮食加力竭游泳法建立脾虚湿困大鼠模型。黄芪多糖干预后观察脾虚湿困大鼠体质量变化,检测血清总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLB)含量变化,ELISA法检测血清垂体腺苷酸环化酶活化肽(PACAP)含量,免疫组化法检测十二指肠组织IL-6、IL-10表达。结果:与模型组比较,黄芪多糖高剂量组大鼠体质量增加(P<0.05);黄芪多糖中、高剂量组血清TP含量升高(P<0.05);黄芪多糖低、中、高剂量组GLB水平出现升高(P<0.01),血清PACAP水平降低(P<0.01),十二指肠组织IL-6及IL-10阳性面积百分比降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:黄芪多糖可调节脾虚湿困大鼠内分泌、免疫系统相关因子进而发挥健脾祛湿功效。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床诊断及外科手术治疗

目的分析研究胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的临床诊断和治疗措施。方法回顾性分析5例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的临床资料。结果 5例患者中3例因触及上腹部包块就诊,1例有腹胀症状,1例无症状。肿瘤1例位于胰头部,2例位于胰体部,2例位于胰尾部,最大直径13cm,平均6.4cm。肿瘤标记物均无异常。5例患者全部接受手术切除治疗,术后随访1年,患者全部存活,无一例出现肿瘤转移或复发。结论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤手术切除可治愈且预后良好。B超、CT等对其诊断具有重要作用。     

镉接触对妊娠期及哺乳期大鼠及仔代生长发育的影响

目的 观察妊娠期及哺乳期镉接触对大鼠性别分化、生长发育和青春期启动的影响,以及其可能的内分泌干扰机制。方法 SD雌性大鼠从妊娠第1天开始至仔鼠断奶,自由饮用含0、5、20和40mg/L氯化镉的水。结果 各剂量组仔鼠的生长发育、青春期启动均受到明显影响：出生后（PND）21d体重明显低于对照组;阴道开放、包皮分离比对照组延迟2－3d。但是,各剂量组对妊娠时间、羊床数、每胎活产数、性别比例、肛殖距离没有明显的影响。结论 在该实验条件下,并未显示镉具有雌激素样活性。镉可能通过多种机制,如甾类生成、甲状腺、垂体性腺轴等,干扰内分泌系统,从而影响大鼠的生长发育、青春期启动。