情志因素对肠预激综合症的影响

肠预激综合症(IBS)是一种以腹痛或腹部不适伴排便习惯改变为特征的功能性疾病,精神心理因素已成为IBS发病的重要因素之一。从情志角度探讨IBS的发病机制及相关治疗,对于疾病的防治有着重要的临床意义。     

脑中风患者的中医护理

在中医理论的指导原则下,根据患者年龄、性别、体质、病情等不同情况,对每个患者制定中医护理方案,分别从中医常规护理、饮食护理、情志护理、康复护理等多方面进行调护,使患者能够以一种积极向上的乐观精神主动地配合治疗,提高临床疗效。     

针灸结合情志调理在社区老年2型糖尿病控制中的应用效果

目的:观察针灸结合情志调理在社区老年2型糖尿病控制中的应用效果。方法:将受试者60例随机分为干预组(30例)和对照组(30例)。对照组给予患者糖尿病饮食并结合常规药物治疗;干预组除了上述方法外,同时运用针灸结合情志调理的方法治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白及抑郁量表(HAMD)的变化情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者的血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平和心理抑郁状况均得到了有效的改善,干预组疗效优于对照组。结论:针灸结合情志调理可有效控制糖尿病患者的血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平,消除患者的情绪障碍。     

中医方剂知识获取的研究

目的基于中医智能研究的实践,探讨中医方剂知识获取的方法。方法人工提炼和软件系统自动获取相结合,用人机对话的方式,获取中医方剂知识。结果完成了中医方剂所涉及的量效关系、药效关系、候效关系、素效关系、素证关系等知识的获取,归纳出知识获取的基本原则和对所提炼知识的评价方法。结论中医知识获取的研究是中医知识工程研究的首要环节,这一研究有助于理解中医学这一复杂系统的概念知识。     

浅谈临终关怀与中医情志护理

目的:探讨临终关怀与中医情志护理的关系。方法:介绍临终关怀的释义和祖国医学中的临终关怀。从不同角度分别说明临终关怀病人的心理护理,突出中医情志护理的重要性,进而说明临终关怀病人的情志护理应当借鉴传统中医方法,突出整体观念和辨证论治的特点,采取具有中国特色的心理施护方法。结果:中医情志护理方法首先要求护理人员具有良好的医德素质,掌握七情病因学说,熟知情志致病的基本规律。语言疏导是一种基本治疗方法,耐心开导,讲明道理。移情易性中的移情即心理学所说的转移注意力,转移患者对疾病的注意力,使其有较好的精神状态,有利于健康的恢复。实际上就是借助外界良好的环境转移患者对疾病的注意力,以减少乃至消除不良情志的劣性刺激作用,是移情易性的方法。结论:对临终病人的心理关怀还应该有一个总的、一般的方法。从分发挥中医情志护理的特色,把情志护理贯穿于以人的健康为中心的整体护理中,既可提高护理质量,也可提高治疗效果,使病人能早日康复。今后在临床护理实践中,对临终关怀的患者要突出中医护理的优势,形成具有中医特色的情志护理的理论体系和方法,提高心理护理水平。     

Minimizing complications in autoimmune blistering diseases

Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) often require high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents for adequate control. These diseases cause significant morbidity but treatment can also lead to side effects and complications. This article reviews the supportive management of AIBD and the management of corticosteroid-induced side effects. The prevention and management of secondary effects from some of the more commonly used steroid-sparing agents for AIBD are summarized. Clinicians must be familiar with this information to optimally manage patients with AIBD.     

The relationship between prenatal PCB exposure and intelligence (IQ) in 9-year-old children

Background

Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated relationships between prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and modest cognitive impairments in infancy and early childhood. However, few studies have followed cohorts of exposed children long enough to examine the possible impact of prenatal PCB exposure on psychometric intelligence in later childhood. Of the few studies that have done so, one in the Great Lakes region of the United States reported impaired IQ in children prenatally exposed to PCBs, whereas another found no association.

Objectives

This study was designed to determine whether environmental exposure to PCBs predicts lower IQ in school-age children in the Great Lakes region of the northeastern United States.

Methods

We measured prenatal exposure to PCBs and IQ at 9 years of age in 156 subjects from Oswego, New York. We also measured > 50 potential predictors of intelligence in children, including repeated measures of the home environment [Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)], socioeconomic status (SES), parental IQ, alcohol/cigarette use, neonatal risk factors, and nutrition.

Results

For each 1-ng/g (wet weight) increase in PCBs in placental tissue, Full Scale IQ dropped by three points (p = 0.02), and Verbal IQ dropped by four points (p = 0.003). The median PCB level was 1.50 ng/g, with a lower quartile of 1.00 ng/g and an upper quartile of 2.06 ng/g. Moreover, this association was significant after controlling for many potential confounders, including prenatal exposure to methylmercury, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene, and lead.

Conclusions

These results, in combination with similar results obtained from a similar study in the Great Lakes conducted 10 years earlier, indicate that prenatal PCB exposure in the Great Lakes region is associated with lower IQ in children.     

Principles for Real-World Implementation of Bedside Predictive Analytics Monitoring

A new development in the practice of medicine is Artificial Intelligence-based predictive analytics that forewarn clinicians of future deterioration of their patients. This proactive opportunity, though, is different from the reactive stance that clinicians traditionally take. Implementing these tools requires new ideas about how to educate clinician users to facilitate trust and adoption and to promote sustained use. Our real-world hospital experience implementing a predictive analytics monitoring system that uses electronic health record and continuous monitoring data has taught us principles that we believe to be applicable to the implementation of other such analytics systems within the health care environment. These principles are mentioned below:• To promote trust, the science must be understandable.• To enhance uptake, the workflow should not be impacted greatly.• To maximize buy-in, engagement at all levels is important.• To ensure relevance, the education must be tailored to the clinical role and hospital culture.• To lead to clinical action, the information must integrate into clinical care.• To promote sustainability, there should be periodic support interactions after formal implementation.     

武警基层指挥士官智力、情绪智力与工作绩效的关系

 目的 探讨武警基层指挥士官智力因素、情绪智力因素与工作绩效的关系.方法 随机抽取某总队各支队基层指挥士官428 人,采用瑞文智力测验、黄氏情绪智能量表与工作绩效问卷作为测量工具,收集量表和问卷的所有数据使用相关分析的统计方法.结果 士官的情绪智力与工作总绩效、任务绩效、关联绩效的相关系数分别为0.303,0.171和0.243;智力与工作总绩效、任务绩效、关联绩效的相关系数分别为0.167,0.130和0.123.结论 情绪智力与工作绩效显著正相关.因此,加强对士官的情绪智力能力的培养,对于提高士官工作绩效,进而提高部队的战斗力具有重要意义.