定量PCR检测缺失型DMD/BMD携带者的研究

研究DMD/BMD携带者临床诊断的有效手段。方法 :运用双重定量PCR及剂量系数分析 ,检测 2 6例正常对照 ,7例肯定携带者和 2 1例可疑携带者 ,部分结果与短片段重复顺序多态性方法及CK值作了比较。结果 :确定了判定参考标准 ,可疑携带者中 ,患儿母亲检测阳性率为 5 7.9% ,8例经短串联重复顺序多态性分析 ,得到了完全验证。结论 :定量PCR检测DMD/BMD携带者快速、敏感、准确 ,可在临床诊断中应用。     

原发性星形细胞瘤中P16蛋白的表达及意义

目的 :检测 P16基因蛋白在原发性星形细胞瘤中的存在状况 ,以探讨不同病理类型的星形细胞瘤中 P16蛋白的表达及意义。方法 :S-P法对 10 2例 10 %甲醛液固定 ,石蜡包埋的星形细胞瘤标本进行免疫细胞化学检测 ,阳性细胞计数在光镜高倍视野(× 40 0 )下进行。结果 :低度恶性星形细胞瘤 ( WHO ～ )中 P16表达均为阳性 ,高度恶性星形细胞 ( WHO ～ )中阳性表达率为48.1%( P<0 .0 1)。结论 :P16蛋白参与星形细胞瘤增殖过程并影响其细胞分化 ;P16蛋白表达缺失可能是星形细胞瘤从低度恶性向高度恶性过度的重要因素之一。     

Identification of a new familial case of 3q29 deletion syndrome associated with cleft lip and palate via whole-exome sequencing

Many unbalanced large copy number variants reviewed in the paper are associated with syndromic orofacial clefts, including a 1.6 Mb deletion on chromosome 3q29. The current report presents a new family with this recurrent deletion identified via whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization. The proband exhibited a more severe clinical phenotype than his affected mother, comprising right-sided cleft lip/alveolus and cleft palate, advanced dental caries, heart defect, hypospadias, psychomotor, and speech delay, and an intellectual disability. Data analysis from the 3q29 registry revealed that the 3q29 deletion increases the risk of clefting by nearly 30-fold. No additional rare and pathogenic nucleotide variants were identified that could explain the clefting phenotype and observed intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity. These data suggest that the 3q29 deletion may be the primary risk factor for clefting, with additional genomic variants located outside the coding sequences, methylation changes, or environmental exposure serving as modifiers of this risk. Additional studies, including whole-genome sequencing or methylation analyses, should be performed to identify genetic factors underlying the phenotypic variation associated with the recurrent 3q29 deletion.     

1p36 deletion syndrome: Review and mapping with further characterization of the phenotype,a new cohort of 86 patients

Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome (1p36DS) is one of the most common terminal deletion syndromes (incidence between 1/5000 and 1/10,000 live births in the American population), due to a heterozygous deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 1. The 1p36DS is characterized by typical craniofacial features, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, cardiomyopathy/congenital heart defect, brain abnormalities, hearing loss, eyes/vision problem, and short stature. The aim of our study was to (1) evaluate the incidence of the 1p36DS in the French population compared to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21; (2) review the postnatal phenotype related to microarray data, compared to previously publish prenatal data. Thanks to a collaboration with the ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française), we have collected data of 86 patients constituting, to the best of our knowledge, the second-largest cohort of 1p36DS patients in the literature. We estimated an average of at least 10 cases per year in France. 1p36DS seems to be much less frequent than 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21. Patients presented mainly dysmorphism, microcephaly, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, brain malformations, behavioral disorders, cardiomyopathy, or cardiovascular malformations and, pre and/or postnatal growth retardation. Cardiac abnormalities, brain malformations, and epilepsy were more frequent in distal deletions, whereas microcephaly was more common in proximal deletions. Mapping and genotype–phenotype correlation allowed us to identify four critical regions responsible for intellectual disability. This study highlights some phenotypic variability, according to the deletion position, and helps to refine the phenotype of 1p36DS, allowing improved management and follow-up of patients.     

喉癌中13号染色体杂合性丢失研究

目的　为初步限定喉癌中 13号染色体抑癌基因的缺失区域和为发现及定位抑癌基因提供线索和依据。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 ( PCR) ,筛查了 58例喉癌 (包括 3例原位癌 )组织中染色体13q上 D13S765( 13q13) ,RB1.2 0 ( 13q14.2 ) ,D13S133( 13q14.3) ,D13S318( 13q2 1) 4个座位微卫星多态标记的杂合性丢失。结果　 3例原位癌中无一例发生 13q的杂合性丢失 ,55例浸润癌中在 13q一个以上座位出现杂合性丢失的频率为 4 5% ( 2 4 / 53) ,D13S765座位的杂合性丢失的频率最高 ,为 52 %( 2 2 / 4 2 )。结论　喉癌组织中染色体 13q缺失区域在 D13S765( 13q13)座位附近 ,RB1的近端 ,即在D13S765座位附近存在着与喉癌发生发展密切相关的抑癌基因 ,可能包括 RB1基因 ,它的失活与浸润期喉癌发生发展密切相关。     

云南省白族长寿区猪肉中19种元素的测定分析

用电感偶合等离子体发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ ＡＥＳ）,对云南省云龙县金竹林地区和城区的猪肉进行了１９种元素的测定。结果表明,在两地区的猪肉中,均含有人体必需的Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｎａ、Ｐ、Ｓ５种常量元素及Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｏ ５ 种微量元素（Ｓｅ和Ｓｒ未检出）,且这些元素在金竹林地区猪肉中的含量高于云龙县城区;有害元素Ｃｄ、Ｂ、Ａｌ均未检出,Ａｓ、Ｐｂ 的含量甚微。金竹林地区猪肉中还含Ｃｒ,这与该地区自然环境中有一个优越的微量元素谱密切相关     

慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹与线粒体DNA缺失的关系

目的：对２例慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹（ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃ ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅ ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌ ｏｐｈｔａｌｍｏｋｅｇｉａ,ＣＰＥＯ）患者的骨髂肌中的线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）进行缺失突变分析。方法：用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和放射自显影等方法。结果：在２例ＣＰＥＯ患者的骨骼肌标本中均存在线粒体ＤＮＡ的单一的大片段缺失突变;缺失的长度分别为４．５ｋｂ和５．５ｋｂ;突变型ｍｔＤＮＡ在总体ｍｔＤＮＡ中所占的比     

采用定点基因缺失突变技术在大肠杆菌中分泌鲑鱼生长激素

目的：为获得与天然鲑鱼生长激素一致的基因工程产物,对已构建的鲑鱼生长激素基因分泌型表达质粒ｐＯｓＧＨ１５３进行改造,删除所编码表达产物氨基端多余的９个碱基,方法：采用ＰＡＬＴＥＲ系统进行寡聚核苷酸指导下的基因定点缺失突变。突变质粒ｐＯｓＧＨ１５８经限制性酶切图谱及Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交分析加以证,结果：含有表达质粒ｐＯｓＧＨ１５８的大肠杆菌株经ＩＰＴＧ诱导后提取周质帽白,经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ及免疫     

同时检测两种运动神经元存活基因第7外显子缺失的简便方法及其临床应用

目的：建立同时检测运动神经元存活基因SMNT和SMNC第7外显子缺失的简便方法，用于儿童期起病的脊髓性肌萎缩症（SMA）的临床诊断。方法：应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）－限制性酶切技术，用一对引物同时扩增55例正常成年人和5例SMA患儿及其父母的SMN基因2个成员的第7外显子中的高度保守区，扩增产物经限制性内切酶酶切及非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳。结果：此法可检测2个SMN基因第7外显子的缺失情况，经检测，55例正常成人均无SMNT基因第7外显子缺失，SMNC基因第7外显子缺失仅3例，5例SMA患儿的SMNT基因第7外显子均有缺失，患儿父母无SMNT基因和SMNC基因第7外显子缺失，结论：此法对检测2个SMN基因第7外显子的缺失提供了简便，特异，且适合临床特别是基层医院应用，优于PCRSSCP分析的方法。     

子宫内膜癌前病变中K-ras与MTS1/p16基因的表达及意义

 目的　探讨K ras激活与MTS1/ p16基因突变 /缺失在子宫内膜癌中的发生发展关系。 方法　对子宫内膜癌及癌前病变组织K ras与MTS1/p16蛋白的免疫组化测定并用PCR技术对MTS1/ p16基因在子宫内膜癌中的纯合性缺失进行检测。结果　K ras、p16蛋白广泛存在于子宫内膜癌和癌前病变组织中 ,癌前病变K ras表达为 11.9% ,癌组为 6 2 .96 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而p16表达分别为 76 .5 9%与5 1.85 %。 13例 p16蛋白表达阴性子宫内膜癌PCR扩增 ,7例显示外显子 1缺失。K ras表达与细胞恶性程度呈正相关 ,p16表达则呈负相关。 结论　 (1)K ras基因激活与MTS1/ p16基因突变 /缺失导致细胞周期增殖失控 ,是内膜癌发生发展的一个重要环节 ;(2 )子宫内膜癌中p16基因外显子 1纯合子缺失可能是p16蛋白表达降低的机制之一 ;(3)动态观测内膜增生组织中的p2 1ras表达阳性者 ,对子宫内膜癌的早期发现可能有积极意义