95例高龄初产妇临床分析

目的:探讨高龄初产妇的合并症和并发症发生率及其处理对策。方法:对我院2002年1月～2006年12月间收治的95例高龄初产妇(高龄组)与同期95例年轻初产妇(对照组)的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:高龄组妊娠合并症、并发症、剖宫产率及分娩期并发症发生率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:高龄初产妇妊娠合并症和并发症发生率均明显高于年轻初产妇,因此,应加强对高龄初产妇的围产期监护,适当放宽剖宫产指征,以期获得良好的分娩结局。     

老年高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与心血管危险因素关系初探

目的对颈动脉粥样硬化与心血管危险因素的相关性进行回顾性研究。方法选择老年原发性高血压患者共149例,行颈动脉超声检查,分析颈动脉粥样硬化和心血管危险因素间的关系及与脑梗死发生的相关性。结果CAS的发生与合并糖尿病、高血压病程、最高SBP和PP、血UA均呈正相关(P<0.01),与HDL-C水平有统计学意义(P<0.05),与脑梗死发生率有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化与上述心血管危险因素均有密切关系,有效控制以上危险因素可减少颈动脉粥样硬化发生发展,降低脑梗死的发生。     

老年人尿路感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的:分析老年人尿路感染的病原菌分布及耐药状况,指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法:用ATB—ex-pression半自动细菌分析鉴定仪对285例尿路感染的老年患者分离出的病原菌进行鉴定,用微量稀释法进行药敏试验。结果:共检出病原菌312株,其中革兰阴性杆菌占64.4%,主要为大肠埃希菌(44.2%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(7.1%)、铜绿假单胞菌(6.0%)、变形杆菌(4.5%),对亚胺培南、美罗培南、阿米卡星耐药率低(0%~29%),革兰阳性球菌占22.4%,对万古霉素、替考拉宁耐药率为0。真菌占12.2%,对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶耐药率为0。结论:老年人尿路感染病原菌耐药性严重,持续耐药监测是十分重要的。     

高龄初产妇妊娠与分娩状况研究

目的探讨高龄初产妇发生的原因，妊娠合并症、并发症的发生率及其处理对策。方法对2000年1月-2005年1月武汉市4家三甲综合医院妇产科就诊115例高龄初产妇（高龄组）与同期115例年轻初产妇（对照组）的临床资料进行性病例对照分析。结果高龄组与对照组职业、流产史差异性显著（P值〈0．001）；高龄组妊娠期合并子宫肌瘤、并发妊高症、前置胎盘、产褥病、剖宫产率及分娩期并发症发生率均明显高于对照组（P值〈0．05）。结论高龄初产妇与职业、流产史有关；高龄初产妇妊娠合并症和并发症发生率明显高于年轻初产妇。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年期精神分裂症对照研究

目的比较阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年期精神分裂症的疗效及不良反应。方法将对病程<4年的160例老年期精神分裂症的住院患者,按入院顺序随机分为服用阿立哌唑组(A组)与服用利培酮组(B组),每组80例。阿立哌唑剂量为10￣30mg/d,利培酮剂量为2￣6mg/d。疗程8周,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,采用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果A组退出2例,B组退出3例。两药对老年期精神分裂症的疗效相当,两组无显著性差异。阿立哌唑的不良反应较利培酮轻微,其中震颤、静坐不能、肌强直等发生率少于利培酮组。结论阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年期精神分裂症的疗效相当,不良反应较利培酮少。     

老年人睡眠质量与孤独及社会支持的相关性研究

目的了解广州市社区老年人睡眠质量与孤独及社会支持的关系。方法应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、UCLA孤独量表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对131名老年人进行问卷调查。结果PSQI总分平均分为(6.94±3.81)分,孤独平均分为(39.11±11.49)分,社会支持总分平均分为(35.65±8.05)分。孤独与PSQI总分及因子睡眠时间、睡眠效率、催眠药物的评分正相关;社会支持总分与PSQI总分及因子睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍的评分负相关。结论孤独和社会支持对老年人的睡眠质量有重要影响,减轻老年人的孤独感和增加社会支持对改善睡眠质量有积极意义。     

高龄患者食管癌的治疗

目的探索高龄患者食管癌手术治疗与食管支架治疗的疗效,寻找最佳治疗方案,提高治疗质量。方法对1995年9月～2002年11月收治的60例高龄食管癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果治愈20例,好转36例,死亡4例。手术治疗42例,支架治疗18例。结论食管支架治疗的短期疗效比手术治疗好,但远期疗效差。手术治疗仍是高龄食管癌的首选治疗方式。对于失去手术机会或不愿意手术治疗的患者以及术后食管再狭窄和出现食管胸膜瘘的患者进行食管支架置入,是提高患者生活质量的有效手段。     

Effect of foot bathing on distal-proximal skin temperature gradient in elders

Increased distal (foot)-proximal (abdominal) skin temperature gradient (DPG) has been associated with better sleep initiation. Warm foot bath can affect distal skin temperature to change DPG. However, the optimum water temperature and duration necessary to raise DPG has not been established. This study explored the effects of 1-h foot bathing at two water temperatures of 40 and 41 degrees C, respectively, on DPG in Taiwanese elders (n=6, ages 60-73 years). Each subject's feet and legs were immersed in a temperature-controlled water tub to 20 cm above the ankles for 60 min in each of two water temperatures. Oral, abdominal, and foot temperatures were taken during (at 10-min intervals), and after (at 1-min intervals) foot bathing. DPG was calculated by subtracting abdominal temperature from foot temperature. Results showed the value of DPG was significantly increased in the 10th min bathing at both water temperatures and maintained above 0 degrees C. DPG gradually declined after bathing at both water temperatures. The value of DPG with 41 degrees C water was slightly higher than 40 degrees C. All subjects tolerated both bathing temperatures well for 1h. Both 40 and 41 degrees C foot bathing for 1h can increase the DPG and may be an effective way to affect whole body skin blood flow and trigger heat dissipation.     

Elder mistreatment in women

Elder mistreatment is a serious syndrome that affects more than 1.5 million older Americans every year. Actions such as abuse, neglect, exploitation, and abandonment by caregivers, relatives, friends, or acquaintances can have devastating sequelae for the elderly. Such actions may be intentional or unintentional, but the detrimental outcomes for older individuals can destroy the elder's quality of life and health. A lack of empirical research addresses gender differences in elder mistreatment. There is also confusion and debate over what constitutes elder mistreatment in older women versus what is domestic violence that has continued into later life. Professional nurses need to include both types of screening for their older female patients in order to address both types of family violence.     

吸烟和非吸烟老年患者麻醉插管反应的比较

目的评估吸烟和非吸烟老年患者麻醉诱导时的插管反应。方法42例老年男性患者(>65岁),ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,分为吸烟组(20例)和非吸烟组(22例)。每例患者均使用异丙酚、舒芬太尼和维库溴铵进行麻醉诱导,在插管前,诱导后1、2min和插管后即刻,1、3、5min记录心率、血压。麻醉诱导前测量还原血红蛋白浓度。所有患者由同一个医生进行气管插管。结果心律失常的发生率吸烟组(27.27%)高于非吸烟组(10.00%)。插管即刻吸烟组的心率增幅(41.34%)明显大于非吸烟组(20.88%);吸烟组的收缩压和平均动脉压增幅(45.11%和41.77%)明显大于非吸烟组(23.51%和20.78%)。结论在麻醉诱导插管时老年吸烟患者的心率、血压较老年非吸烟患者的波动明显。且老年吸烟者还原血红蛋白水平明显高于老年非吸烟者,携氧能力相对低下,更容易发生心肌缺血,其麻醉风险高。