Anti-osteoporotic effect of Erythrina variegata L. in ovariectomized rats

The present study was designed to investigate whether Erythrina variegata L. (EV), which belongs to the leguminous family, exerted any beneficial effects on bone in ovariectomized rats. Daily oral administration of the EV extract at 300 and 600 mg/kg for 14 weeks to rats prevented the OVX-induced increase in the serum OCN, ALP, and urinary DPD levels. Histomorphometric analysis of the proximal end of the tibia showed that the EV extract prevented the estrogen deficiency-induced decrease in trabecular thickness and trabecular area, as well as restoring the increase in trabecular separation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the EV extract improved the energy absorption and stiffness of the mid-shaft of the rat femur. Thus, the present study clearly demonstrated that EV could suppress the high rate of bone turnover induced by estrogen deficiency, inhibit bone loss and improve the biomechanical properties of bone in the OVX rats.     

套扎治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂大出血效果分析

目的探讨内镜下肝硬化食管静脉曲张套扎治疗术(EVL)疗效的影响因素。方法总结1995-06～2005-06 165例肝硬化患者行EVL治疗的资料,分析肝硬化无脾切除加断流术史者113例与有脾切除加断流术史者52例行EVL术后近期及远期疗效,并观察各种相关因素对EVL疗效的影响。结果EVL治疗后食管静脉曲张总消失率为88．48%,食管静脉曲张复发率27．27%。与无脾切除加断流术史者比较,肝硬化有脾切除加断流术史者食管静脉曲张复发率低(P＜0．01),EVL术前肝功能状态越差,食管静脉曲张复发、EVB再发率越高(P＜0．01),生存率越低(P＜0．05);EV复发组门静脉内径和脾静脉内径较非复发组宽(P＜0．01)。EVL术后服用哌唑嗪可降低门静脉压力,降低食管静脉曲张复发、EVB再发率,提高生存率(P＜0．01)。结论EVL是治疗EVB安全有效的方法,近期及远期疗效确切,EVL术后服用哌唑嗪可降低门静脉压力,降低食管静脉曲张复发、EVB再发率。     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血内镜下三种治疗方法的临床研究

目的观察食管静脉曲张破裂出血内镜下不同治疗方法的疗效及安全性。方法 98例肝硬化并食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者,随机分为EVS治疗组（n=29）、EVL治疗组（n=39）及二者联合治疗组（n=30）。通过观察食管曲张静脉消失率、EV复发率及再出血率等指标,比较三者的疗效及安全性。结果 EVS、EVL组和联合治疗组的EV消失率分别为86.2%、87.1%和90%;EV复发率分别为37.9%、35.9%和16.7%;随访3年再出血率为44.8%、35.9%和22.2%（P〈0.05）。结论 EVS、EVL均为治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的有效方法,但二者联合治疗效果优于单独套扎术和硬化治疗。     

内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者短期血糖的影响

目的：探讨内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术（endoscopic variceal ligation, EVL）对乙肝肝硬化患者短期血糖的影响。方法60例接受EVL的乙肝肝硬化患者检测糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖,进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。比较患者的临床资料,评价糖代谢异常的危险因素。根据OGTT分为糖代谢正常组和异常组,检测EVL术后即刻（0 h）、术后1、2、3 h血糖值。结果年龄、性别、肝功能分级、肝功能生化指标等均不是乙肝肝硬化患者发生糖代谢异常的相关危险因素。糖代谢正常组中,EVL术后1、2、3 h与0 h血糖比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;糖代谢异常组中,EVL术后1 h 血糖[（8.13±1.89）mmol/L]、2 h 血糖[（8.11±1.57）mmol/L]明显高于EVL术后0 h血糖[（7.04±1.29）mmol/L],差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论乙肝肝硬化合并糖代谢异常者空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白常在正常范围,需行OGTT明确是否有糖代谢异常。肝硬化合并糖耐量异常者EVL治疗后2 h内血糖易发生明显变化,应予以监测。     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉支架分流术与食管静脉套扎术治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的对照研究

目的　通过对照研究的方法 ,探讨经颈静脉肝内门体静脉支架分流术 (TIPSS)和食管静脉套扎术 (EVL)在治疗难治性或反复发作性食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效。方法　对 1 2例经胃镜确诊是食管静脉曲张破裂出血的患者行急诊或择期TIPSS治疗 ,并另选取 1 2例有相似病情和一般条件的患者 ,采取急诊或择期EVL治疗 ,比较两组患者在术后 2年随诊期内不同时间的死亡率、再出血率、肝功能和外周血小板的变化。结果　TIPSS组在术后 30d死亡率低于EVL组 (1 6 .67%vs 33 .33 % ) ,1年时 ,两组比较有显著差异 (1 6 .67%vs 41 .67% ) ,到 2年时 ,两组死亡率比较无显著差异 (50 0 0 %vs 58.33 % )。随诊期内 ,EVL组的再出血率要高于TIPSS组 (75 %vs 2 5 % )。与EVL组比较 ,TIPSS组术后肝功能有不同程度的下降。两组病人术后外周血的血小板计数无明显变化。结论　TIPSS治疗的近期疗效优于EVL治疗 ,中远期观察 ,两种方法似无差别。TIPSS组的病人术后主要死亡原因是肝功衰竭引发的肝肾综合征和严重的肝性脑病 ,EVL组患者的死亡原因与高再出血率密切相关     

Oesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: from variceal screening to primary prophylaxis of the first oesophageal variceal bleeding

Bleeding from oesophageal varices is still a lethal complication in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Approximately 5–10% of patients with cirrhosis will develop oesophageal varices per year, and about 25–30% of cirrhotic patients with oesophageal varices and without previous variceal haemorrhage will bleed from ruptured varices. To date, data on preventing the formation/growth of oesophageal varices (preprimary prophylaxis) are conflicting, with insufficient evidence to use β‐blockers. There is evidence for the need for primary prophylaxis, and both β‐blockers and endoscopic variceal ligation have shown the same efficacy in preventing first bleeding, but which one to prefer is still controversial. The present article reviews the established and potential therapeutic strategies for preventing the development and rupture of oesophageal varices.