G蛋白偶联受体激酶3在口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭中的作用及其可能的机制

目的:探讨沉默G蛋白偶联受体激酶3(G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3,GRK3)对口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及其可能的机制.方法:利用Oncomine数据库分析GRK3在正常口腔组织及OSCC组织中...     

沉默LIMK1抑制人结肠癌SW480细胞上皮-间质转化

目的:研究沉默LIMK1对人结肠癌SW480细胞上皮-间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transformation,EMT）的影响。方法:RT-PCR、Western blot、免疫荧光与免疫组化检测沉默LIMK1对EMT相关分子表达的影响。裸鼠实验检测沉默LIMK1对移植瘤生长的影响。结果:RT-PCR检测显示,沉默LIMK1可下调Vimentin和上调E-cadherin mRNA表达(P<0.05)。Western blot显示,沉默LIMK1可明显下调SW480细胞Snail及Vimentin蛋白表达和上调E-cadherin表达(P<0.05)。免疫荧光显示,LIMK1沉默细胞Snail与Vimentin阳性信号较对照组明显减弱,而E-cadherin阳性信号显著增强。裸鼠实验结果显示,沉默组肿瘤生长速度较SW480组明显减慢(P<0.05)。沉默组移植瘤瘤重（0.16±0.079）g较SW480组（0.86±0.165）g明显减少,瘤重抑制率为97.7%(P<0.05)。LIMK1沉默组移植瘤较对照组的Ki-67、Vimentin、Snail与CD34阳性表达明显减弱,而E-cadherin表达明显增加。结论:沉默LIMK1可体外抑制人结肠癌SW480细胞EMT。     

慢病毒载体MicroRNA-375过表达调控EMT通路抑制结直肠癌细胞侵袭和迁移

目的:通过慢病毒载体构建microRNA-375过表达的结直肠癌细胞HCT116,研究microR-NA-375通过调控EMT通路抑制结直肠癌细胞在人体中侵袭、迁移的作用.方法:通过慢病毒载体转染构建并培养出HCT116细胞的microRNA-375过表达实验组(过表达组)、设立空载体对照组(空载体组)、空白对照组(空...     

EGR1-dependent PTEN upregulation by 2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde attenuates cell invasion and EMT in colon cancer

There has been little evidence to support EGR1 and PTEN function on the EMT of cancer cells. We tried to evaluate how these genes affect cancer cell invasion and EMT through investigating the molecular mechanism(s) of 2′-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA). Matrigel invasion and wound healing assay, and in vivo mice model were used to evaluate the effect of BCA on colon cancer cell migration. The molecular mechanism(s) of BCA were evaluated by knock-down or overexpression of EGR1 and PTEN. BCA at 50 nM increased E-cadherin and EGR1 expression without cytotoxicity. Cell migration was inhibited significantly by BCA both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, BCA inhibits Snail and Vimentin expression, as well as β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Suppression of EGR1 by siRNA attenuated the inhibition of matrigel invasion by BCA, indicating that EGR1 is responsible for BCA effect. PTEN was upregulated by BCA treatment or EGR1 overexpression. In addition, shPTEN transfection stimulated EMT and cell invasion in vitro. Our data suggest that BCA leads to a remarkable upregulation of EGR1 expression, and that EMT and invasion is decreased via EGR1-dependent PTEN activation. These data showed a critical role of EGR1-PTEN signaling pathway in the EMT of colon cancer, as well as metastasis.     

Eribulin mesilate suppresses experimental metastasis of breast cancer cells by reversing phenotype from epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) to mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) states

Background:

Eribulin mesilate (eribulin), a non-taxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor, has shown trends towards greater overall survival (OS) compared with progression-free survival in late-stage metastatic breast cancer patients in the clinic. This finding suggests that eribulin may have additional, previously unrecognised antitumour mechanisms beyond its established antimitotic activity. To investigate this possibility, eribulin''s effects on the balance between epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) in human breast cancer cells were investigated.

Methods:

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which are oestrogen receptor (ER−)/progesterone receptor (PR−)/human epithelial growth receptor 2 (HER2−) and have a mesenchymal phenotype, were treated with eribulin for 7 days, followed by measurement of EMT-related gene and protein expression changes in the surviving cells by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and immunoblot, respectively. In addition, proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were also conducted in eribulin-treated cells. To investigate the effects of eribulin on TGF-β/Smad signalling, the phosphorylation status of Smad proteins was analysed. In vivo, the EMT/MET status of TNBC xenografts in mice treated with eribulin was examined by qPCR, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analysis. Finally, an experimental lung metastasis model was utilised to gauge the metastatic activity of eribulin-treated TNBC in the in vivo setting.

Results:

Treatment of TNBC cells with eribulin in vitro led to morphological changes consistent with transition from a mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype. Expression analyses of EMT markers showed that eribulin treatment led to decreased expression of several mesenchymal marker genes, together with increased expression of several epithelial markers. In the TGF-β induced EMT model, eribulin treatment reversed EMT, coincident with inhibition of Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation. Consistent with these changes, TNBC cells treated with eribulin for 7 days showed decreased capacity for in vitro migration and invasiveness. In in vivo xenograft models, eribulin treatment reversed EMT and induced MET as assessed by qPCR, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses of epithelial and mesenchymal marker proteins. Finally, surviving TNBC cells pretreated in vitro with eribulin for 7 days led to decreased numbers of lung metastasis when assessed in an in vivo experimental metastasis model.

Conclusions:

Eribulin exerted significant effects on EMT/MET-related pathway components in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, consistent with a phenotypic switch from mesenchymal to epithelial states, and corresponding to observed decreases in migration and invasiveness in vitro as well as experimental metastasis in vivo. These preclinical findings may provide a plausible scientific basis for clinical observations of prolonged OS by suppression of further spread of metastasis in breast cancer patients treated with eribulin.     

Mucosal bromodomain-containing protein 4 mediates aeroallergen-induced inflammation and remodeling

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乳腺癌多药耐药细胞MCF-7/ADR中Twist的表达与EMT现象的实验研究

目的：观察乳腺癌多药耐药细胞MCF-7／ADR中Twist表达及上皮-间质转化现象．探讨其与MCF-7／ADR侵袭转移能力增强的相关性。方法：分别以RT-PCR法、链霉亲和素-生物素酶复合物（Strept avidin biotin complex，SABC）免疫组织化学方法和Western blot法检测乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7及其多药耐药株MCF-7／ADR中介导EMT发生的转录因子Twist、上皮性标记基因E-钙粘素（E—cadherin）和间质性标记基因N-钙粘素（N—cadherin）表达的改变情况。结果：亲本细胞MCF-7中E—cadherin mRNA的表达和蛋白水平的表达均为阳性，Twist和N—cadherin表达阴性；多药耐药株MCF-7／ADR中E—cadherin mRNA和蛋白表达缺失，而在亲本细胞MCF-7中不表达的Twist和N—cadherin表达阳性。结论：在多药耐药乳腺癌细胞MCF-7／ADR中．其侵袭力增强可能与Twist介导的EMT发生有关。     

姜黄素抑制TGF-β1诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞系表型转化

目的探讨姜黄素抑制TGF-β1诱导的肾纤维化的作用及分子生物学机制。方法应用10 ng/mL TGF-β1单独或联合姜黄素(Cur)(6.25、12.5、25、50和100μmol/L)共同作用人肾小管上皮细胞系(HKCs)72 h,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态,免疫组化检测纤维细胞特异蛋白-1(FSP-1)表达;同时,通过Western blot检测肾小管上皮细胞标志物E-cardhrin和细胞角化蛋白以及基质标志物波形蛋白、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和Ⅰ型胶原的表达变化,以及AKT/mTOR信号通路关键蛋白的表达。结果HKCs贴壁增殖,呈铺路石样外观。TGF-β1单独刺激能明显促进细胞由上皮样形态向纤维样细胞形态转化。当TGF-β1与姜黄素联合作用于HKCs时,姜黄素在12.5~50μmol/L浓度时能明显对抗TGF-β1诱导的细胞形态转变而维持HKCs细胞铺路石样外观,同时,TGF-β1能明显抑制HKCs细胞E-cardhrin和角化蛋白基因表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),而促进FSP1阳性细胞显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);上调波形蛋白、α-SMA和I型胶原的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01);并且,AKT/mTOR信号通路关键蛋白Akt、mTOR、p70S6K、4E-BP1和eIF4E的磷酸化水平表达也显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。而姜黄素能抑制TGF-β1诱导的HKCs表型转化,同时下调TGF-β1诱导AKT/mTOR信号通路关键蛋白的磷酸化水平(P<0.05)。结论姜黄素通过抑制Akt/mTOR信号通路对抗TGF-β1诱导的上皮细胞-间质细胞转化,可能是姜黄素抗肾纤维化的关键分子机制之一。     

Low-dose naltrexone inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer cells in vitro and effects indirectly on tumor-associated macrophages in vivo

The metastasis of cervical cancer has always been a clinical challenge. We investigated the effects of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) on the epithelial mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer cells in vitro as well as its influence on macrophage polarization and associated cytokines in vivo. The results suggested that LDN supressed the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities and promote their apoptosis in Hela cells, whereas the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) silenced significantly reversed these effects in vitro. Knockdown the expression of OGFr, the inhibitory of LDN on EMT was weakened. LDN could inhibit cervical cancer progression in nude mice. In additon, LDN indirectly reduced the number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), mainly M2 macrophages, and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in the serum of nude mice. These findings demonstrate that LDN could be a potential treatment for cervical cancer.