Novel technique of performing multivessel PCI through an Impella sheath

A 69‐year‐old woman with diabetes was found to have multi‐vessel coronary artery disease and underwent 5‐vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. Patient had persistent cardiogenic shock postoperatively despite intra‐aortic balloon pump and escalating pressor requirements. Electrocardiogram showed new ischemic changes and the patient was urgently taken to the catheterization lab for coronary angiography and placement of an Impella CP for higher degree of hemodynamic support via the left femoral artery. Due to limitations in vascular access the Impella CP sheath was utilized for vascular access for diagnostic angiography and coronary intervention concurrently with ongoing Impella CP support. The first obtuse marginal had severe proximal disease and was treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug eluting stent. To our knowledge, this case is the first in which successful diagnostic angiography as well as multi‐vessel PCI was performed via an Impella sheath while concurrently using the percutaneous mechanical circulatory support system of the Impella CP. Multiple guide catheters and a pigtail catheter were successfully passed via the Impella CP sheath to perform PCI. This novel method of vascular access could be an important tool to use in high‐risk patients with limitations in access sites and decrease potential bleeding complications by limiting the number of arterial punctures.     

Developmental outcomes of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A multicenter prospective study

Purpose

To determine developmental outcomes and associated factors in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) at 2 years of age.

Methods

This is a multicenter prospective study of a CDH birth cohort. Clinical and socioeconomic data were collected. Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-II) were performed at 2 years of age.

Results

BSID-III and VABS-II assessments were completed on 48 and 49 children, respectively. The BSID-III mean cognitive, language, and motor scores were significantly below the norm mean with average scores of 93 ± 15, 95 ± 16, and 95 ± 11. Ten percent (5/47) scored more than 2 standard deviations below the norm on one or more domains. VABS-II scores were similar to BSID-III scores with mean communication, daily living skills, social, motor, adaptive behavior scores of 97 ± 14, 94 ± 16, 93 ± 13, 97 ± 10, and 94 ± 14. For the BSID-III, supplemental oxygen at 28 days, a prenatal diagnosis, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and exclusive tube feeds at time of discharge were associated with lower scores. At 2 years of age, history of hospital readmission and need for tube feeds were associated with lower scores. Lower socioeconomic status correlated with lower developmental scores when adjusted for significant health factors.

Conclusion

CDH patients on average have lower developmental scores at 2 years of age compared to the norm. A need for ECMO, oxygen at 28 days of life, ongoing health issues and lower socioeconomic status are factors associated with developmental delays.     

Utilisation d’un ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) dans un cas d’hypoxémie réfractaire associée à un traumatisme crânien grave

Traumatic brain injuries are fairly sensitive to hypoxia. For patient with associated lung and brain traumas, different means used to improve oxygen blood level are poorly described. We report the use of ECMO in a refractory hypoxemia occurred to a multitrauma young patient with neurological lesions.     

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in burn and smoke inhalation injury

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the level of evidence for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in hypoxemic respiratory failure resulting from burn and smoke inhalation injury. We searched any article published before March 01, 2012. Available studies published in any language were included. Five authors rated each article and assessed the methodological quality of studies using the recommendation of the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM). Our search yielded 66 total citations but only 29 met the inclusion criteria of burn and/or smoke inhalation injury. There are no available systematic reviews/meta-analyses published that met our inclusion criteria. Only a small number of clinical trials, all with a limited number of patients, were available. The overall data suggests that there is no improvement in survival for burn patients suffering acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, with the use of ECMO. ECMO run times of less than 200 h correlate with higher survival compared to 200 h or more. Scald burns show a tendency of higher survival than flame burns.     

确立重度肺爆震伤救治中体外膜肺氧合的地位

随着经济全球化和世界格局的极不稳定,局部范围内各类爆炸不断,肺爆震伤患者逐渐增多。重度肺爆震伤伤情复杂、临床救治难度大、并发症多,能否早期、有效地维持呼吸、循环功能稳定,是提高救治率、降低病死率的关键。而体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)已成为救治各种重症肺部疾病不可或缺的方法。笔者采用ECMO救治重度肺爆震伤动物模型的早期试验以及临床救治重度肺爆震伤患者均取得了满意的效果。因ECMO具有强大的心肺辅助支持功能,从而为重度肺爆震伤的救治提供一条新途径。     

氧化应激反应在边缘供肝肝移植缺血-再灌注损伤中的作用研究进展

常见的边缘供肝主要包括脂肪变性供肝、高龄供肝、小体积供肝、心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肝等。边缘供肝的应用可在一定程度上解决供肝数量严重短缺的问题,但边缘供肝面临着缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)的难题,且IRI程度相比正常供肝更加严重,是导致移植失败的重要原因,其中氧化应激反应又是引起边缘供肝IRI的重要因素。因此如何减少氧化应激反应及解决边缘供肝IRI的难题成为临床研究的热点问题。活性氧簇(ROS)介导的氧化应激反应贯穿IRI整个过程,本文就氧化应激反应在边缘供肝肝移植IRI中的作用及以ROS为靶点的防治进行综述,以期为临床提供参考。     

Pharmacokinetic considerations for pediatric patients receiving analgesia in the intensive care unit; targeting postoperative,ECMO and hypothermia patients

Introduction: Adequate postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) matters, since untreated pain is associated with negative outcomes. Compared to routine postoperative patients, children undergoing hypothermia (HT) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or recovering after cardiac surgery likely display non-maturational differences in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). These differences warrant additional dosing recommendations to optimize pain treatment.

Areas covered: Specific populations within the ICU will be discussed with respect to expected variations in PK and PD for various analgesics. We hereby move beyond maturational changes and focus on why PK/PD may be different in children undergoing HT, ECMO or cardiac surgery. We provide a stepwise manner to develop PK-based dosing regimens using population PK approaches in these populations.

Expert opinion: A one-dose to size-fits-all for analgesia is suboptimal, but for several commonly used analgesics the impact of HT, ECMO or cardiac surgery on average PK parameters in children is not yet sufficiently known. Parameters considering both maturational and non-maturational covariates are important to develop population PK-based dosing advices as part of a strategy to optimize pain treatment.