纳武利尤单抗注射液致重症肌无力

1例53岁女性患者于肝内胆管癌术后20个月给予纳武利尤单抗注射液140 mg静脉滴注、1次/d,第1、20天。第2次应用该药后第3天,患者出现双下肢乏力;第14天乏力加重,出现视物模糊、上眼睑下垂、胸闷气促伴心悸;第24天出现胡言乱语,发展为呼之不应。给予气管插管机械通气及对症支持治疗后患者神志恢复。诊断为药源性重症肌无力危象,合并心力衰竭、呼吸衰竭。给予激素、人免疫球蛋白治疗19 d后,患者眼睑下垂、心悸症状明显好转,但呼吸衰竭无明显好转,无法脱机自主呼吸。     

吸入性损伤与预防性气管切开术

大面积烧伤合并面颈部烧伤的病例９０％在伤后６～１６ｈ内发生严重呼吸困难,７３％为中重度粘膜损伤,均于气管切开后呼吸困难解除。热力引起的吸入性损伤,上呼吸道的粘膜伤重于下呼吸道,且以喉部受损伤最重。因此,在评估吸入性损伤程度时,应结合粘膜伤全面考虑,因患者早期易发生上呼吸道梗阻,故应采取预防性气管切开术。     

急性呼吸困难患者检测NT-proBNP的护理体会

目的：通过床边即时检测氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平,鉴别心源性和非心源性疾病导致的急性呼吸困难,从而指导临床落实有效的护理措施。方法：采用荧光标记法进行全血NT-proBNP检测,根据测定值鉴别诊断心源性呼吸困难和肺源性呼吸困难,指导护理人员采取正确护理干预。结果：心源性呼吸困难患者NT-proBNP值显著高于肺源性呼吸困难患者,其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：床边即时NT-proBNP检测提高了医护对心源性呼吸困难的识别能力,患者得到了及时诊断治疗和有效的临床护理,提高了救治水平和患者的满意度。     

Giant Osteoma of Mandible Causing Dyspnea: A Rare Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

Osteomas are benign slow growing tumors of bone. Tumors are usually asymptomatic until they attain remarkable size and cause asymmetry or dysfunction. In view of few reported cases of giant osteoma of mandible, this article presents a case of giant osteoma of left mandible in a 53-year old male causing dyspnea due to compression of air way space.     

Retrospective analysis of corticosteroid doses administered to patients with terminal cancer for dyspnea alleviation and survival

Dyspnea negatively affects the survival and quality of life of patients with terminal cancer. Although corticosteroids are currently used to treat dyspnea, the association between corticosteroid dosage and survival remains unclear. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the relationship betweencorticosteroid doses, administered to hospitalized patients with terminal cancer for dyspnea alleviation, and survival. Subsequently, we investigated the associations between corticosteroid doses, which were classified into three categories, and the length of survival in days after stratifying 52 patients treated between January 2012 and December 2015 into corticosteroid responders and non-responders. The mean daily corticosteroid doses were 28.68?±?14.4?mg for responders and 29.13?±?18.5?mg for non-responders. The mean corticosteroid doses on the first day were 27.86?±?14.9?mg for responders and 27.73?±?19.5?mg for non-responders. The mean total corticosteroid doses administered during the first 2 days of treatment were 56.84?±?29.2?mg for responders and 57.16?±?38.5?mg for non-responders. The mean survival was 11.33?±?7.5 days and 5.27?±?3.35 days among responders and non-responders, respectively. In conclusion, the administration of corticosteroid for dyspnea alleviation did not correlate with survival. However, reactivity to corticosteroids increased the duration of corticosteroid use, which may have contributed to survival.     

A rare massive presentation of catamenial hemothorax

Catamenial hemothorax is a rare manifestation of thoracic endometriosis syndrome. It is commonly seen associated with pelvic endometriosis in nulliparous reproductive-age women. Most cases are minor and self-limiting. We present a case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with prolonged worsening dyspnea and was found to have a massive hemothorax on evaluation.     

N末端脑钠肽对急性呼吸困难病因诊断的价值

目的探讨N-末端脑钠肽(Nt-ProBNP)在鉴别心源性和非心源性呼吸困难的临床价值,特别是鉴别舒张性心力衰竭(DHF)与慢性阻塞肺疾病(COPD)的价值。方法比较分析明确诊断的96例急性呼吸困难患者中心源性呼吸困难患者(56例)和非心源性呼吸困难患者(40例)的Nt-ProBNP水平,同时对25例DHF和28例COPD急性发作期的Nt-ProBNP、心脏彩超的左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣舒张早晚期流速峰值比(E/A)、E峰减速时间(DT),收缩期肺动脉压(SPAP)、肺功能(FEV1)进行分析比较。结果心源性呼吸困难患者Nt-ProBNP水平明显高于非心源性呼吸困难组[(4121.05±3326.24)pg/mlvs(729.16±524.06)pg/ml,P0.01];DHF患者Nt-ProBNP水平明显高于COPD亚组[(3853.97±2125.05)pg/mlvs(514.67±428)pg/ml,P0.01]。结论测Nt-ProBNP简便、快捷,可作为鉴别急性呼吸困难患者有临床价值的观察指标。特别对老年多发的、常见的、临床又难以判断的COPD与DHF的诊断有一定指导意义。     

血清N末端B型钠尿肽原在不明原因呼吸困难病因分析中的临床意义

目的探讨血清N末端B型钠尿肽原(NT-proBNP)在不明原因呼吸困难病因分析的临床意义。方法针对急诊入院不明原因呼吸困难的患者,应用电化学发光法检测患者血清NT-proBNP的浓度;详细追问病史、体格检查,结合心电图、心脏彩超、胸片、肺功能测定等相关检查,进一步明确患者呼吸困难的原因。结果心源性呼吸困难患者血清NT-proBNP浓度在829.20~18700.50 pg/ml间,NT-proBNP呈偏态分布,中位数水平分别为4474.80 pg/ml,非心源性呼吸困难患者血清NT-proBNP浓度在10.20~389.50 pg/ml间,NT-pro BNP呈偏态分布,中位数水平分别为174.20 pg/ml,两组患者血清NT-proBNP浓度中位数比较差异有统计学意义(P值0.05)。结论血清NT-proBNP浓度在鉴别心源性或非心源性呼吸困难中有重要意义。