功能性消化不良及其分型组的胃窦十二指肠运动

本研究对功能性消化不症状分型的常规标准做了一些调整，并观测了３９例ＦＤ患者空腹及餐后胃窦十二指肠运动，以探讨ＦＤ患乾胃窦十二指肠运动状况及其与分型组之间的关系。结果显示〈ＦＤ患者空腹及餐后胃窦十二指肠动力减弱，在胃窦表现为运动指数、平均振幅和频率均显著低于正常组，在十二指肠表现为平均振     

Perforating duodenal diverticulitis

Two cases of perforating duodenal diverticulitis are reported, one with enterolith formation, and the other with sonographic evidence of retroperitoneal emphysema. The possible complications of duodenal diverticula, as well as the difficulties encountered in preoperative diagnosis, are discussed.     

Duodenal manifestations of nontropical sprue

Barium studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract and small bowel were performed in 16 adult patients with biopsy-proven nontropical sprue. Commercially available contrast media containing micropulverized barium sulfate, suspending agents, and various other additives were used. Radiographs were analyzed for the incidence and pattern of duodenal vs. small-bowel changes associated with celiac disease. Thirteen of 16 patients (81%) demonstrated abnormalities of the duodenum which ranged from focal erosions to diffusely thickened and nodular folds. A nonspecific, mild dilatation pattern was present on the small-bowel series of 11 patients (69%). The classic radiographic signs of malabsorption, such as flocculation and segmentation, however, occurred in less than 20% of cases, apparently because of the stability of new barium suspensions. The pathogenesis of duodenal changes in sprue and its diagnostic implications are emphasized.     

布氏腺增生X线表现的诊断意义

本文分析了经内窥镜或病理证实的，4例布氏腺增生及9例有类似形态表现的病变，根据布氏腺增生的病理基础，讨论了各型布氏腺增生的X线特征及临床意义，强调了在单发肿瘤型中，使用布氏腺肿瘤样增生或腺瘤样增生名称的重要性。认为这一名称才能正确反映单发巨大的、结节型布氏腺增生病变的本质。     

胃十二指肠血吸虫病内镜随访结果报告

目的 探讨胃、十二指肠血吸虫病的内镜表现及预后情况。方法 对内镜及病理确诊的26例胃、十二指肠血吸虫病患者进行内镜定期随访，并做预后分析。结果 胃、十二指肠血吸虫病内镜表现缺乏特异性，26例中表现为肿瘤样6例，溃疡11例，慢性胃炎9例，病理检查中均在粘膜层，粘膜下层或坏死组织中发现有多量血吸虫卵沉积，26例中7例合并胃癌，另在最长7年的随访中发现癌变6例，癌变者达50%，结论 胃、十二指肠血吸虫病诊断要依靠流行病学调查，内镜和病理学检查，预后分析表明该病属癌前状态，应及早诊断并治疗。     

非手术治疗在儿童外伤性十二指肠血肿伴上消化道梗阻中的应用价值

目的探讨非手术治疗在儿童外伤性十二指肠血肿伴上消化道梗阻中的治疗效果及意义。方法回顾性分析西南医科大学附属医院儿外科近3年收治的8例十二指肠血肿伴上消化道梗阻患者的临床资料,其中男性5例,女性3例,年龄5~16岁,平均9.1岁,均有腹部外伤病史,主要临床表现为恶心、呕吐、腹痛,入院CT均提示有十二指肠血肿伴上消化道梗阻,排除消化道穿孔及活动性出血后给予禁食、持续胃肠减压、预防感染、补液、营养支持,部分淀粉酶升高患者给予生长抑素等对症处理,并定期复查血常规、血电解质,维持内环境稳定。检索万方数据库、维普、知网、Pubmed、Medline数据库截至2020年2月已公开发表的关于儿童外伤性十二指肠血肿治疗的相关文献,并进行分析。结果7例给予保守治疗获得治愈,胃肠减压量在确诊后3~5天达到高峰,在确诊后4~18天开始减少,恢复饮食时间为确诊后8~26天,平均15.2天,部分患者应用静脉营养约10天后肝肾功能检查提示肝酶学指标及胆红素轻度升高,予以保肝药物治疗及恢复饮食后逐渐降至正常,随访6个月至3年未见异常,1例保守治疗3周(包括院外治疗1周)后症状无缓解,复查CT提示血肿大小无变化,给予经腹腔血肿切开引流手术治疗后获得痊愈,随访2年,因粘连性不全性肠梗阻住院一次,经保守治疗痊愈。通过文献检索到31篇儿童外伤性十二指肠血肿相关文献,结合本组8例,共339例,其中手术治疗189例,手术时间为确诊后1~30天;保守治疗150例,保守治疗时间7~29天。结论诊断明确的十二指肠血肿在排除活动性出血及穿孔后,经过抗休克、止血等对症处理后生命体征平稳的患者应首选保守治疗,观察记录胃肠减压量和颜色的变化对判断疾病的转归及治疗方案的制定有重要的指导作用。若胃肠减压液的量逐渐减少、颜色变淡,保守时间可延长至3周或更长;若保守治疗超过3周梗阻症状无缓解甚至加重,此时血肿部位多已液化,可选择行手术治疗或经皮血肿引流术,手术操作简单、效果好。     

内镜下逆行胰胆管造影技术诊治成人胆道蛔虫病19例的临床分析

目的 探讨内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)在成人胆道蛔虫病诊断、治疗中的临床应用.方法 回顾性分析沈阳军区总医院内镜科2005年1月至2012年12月收治的19例经ERCP诊断、治疗的成人胆道蛔虫病患者的临床资料.结果 胆道蛔虫病患者共19例.其中男11例,女8例;平均年龄(62.7±10.8)岁.居住于农村8例,城乡结合部7例,城镇4例;全部病例均有生食蔬菜、瓜果习惯.19例患者中发现活体蛔虫9例,同时存在胆总管结石4例.胆总管内已死亡蛔虫残体石化10例,同时存在胆总管较大结石5例.全部患者均经内镜成功取出蛔虫和胆总管结石.术后出现高淀粉酶血症3例,未见其他并发症.结论 成人胆道蛔虫病的发病以中老年为主,易并发胆管结石,ERCP是治疗胆道蛔虫病的有效方法.     

Commensal-pathogen interactions in the intestinal tract

The intestinal microbiota are pivotal in determining the developmental, metabolic and immunological status of the mammalian host. However, the intestinal tract may also accommodate pathogenic organisms, including helminth parasites which are highly prevalent in most tropical countries. Both microbes and helminths must evade or manipulate the host immune system to reside in the intestinal environment, yet whether they influence each other’s persistence in the host remains unknown. We now show that abundance of Lactobacillus bacteria correlates positively with infection with the mouse intestinal nematode parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, as well as with heightened regulatory T cell (Treg) and Th17 responses. Moreover, H. polygyrus raises Lactobacillus species abundance in the duodenum of C57BL/6 mice, which are highly susceptible to H. polygyrus infection, but not in BALB/c mice, which are relatively resistant. Sequencing of samples at the bacterial gyrB locus identified the principal Lactobacillus species as L. taiwanensis, a previously characterized rodent commensal. Experimental administration of L. taiwanensis to BALB/c mice elevates regulatory T cell frequencies and results in greater helminth establishment, demonstrating a causal relationship in which commensal bacteria promote infection with an intestinal parasite and implicating a bacterially-induced expansion of Tregs as a mechanism of greater helminth susceptibility. The discovery of this tripartite interaction between host, bacteria and parasite has important implications for both antibiotic and anthelmintic use in endemic human populations.     

Assessment of platelet activation and phagocytic activity in gastric cancer patients

AIM: To assess the activation of platelets and their phagocytic activity in the course of gastric cancer. METHODS: Forty-three gastric cancer patients were recruited to the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on tumor stage. Group E included 6 patients with early gastric cancer; group A included 18 patients with locally advanced cancer; and group M included 19 patients with metastatic cancer. The investigations were performed twice, prior to surgery and 12-14 d afterwards. RESULTS: The platelet count and the level of sP-selectin were found to increase with the disease progression. The level of sP-selectin was lowest in early cancer and was observed to increase after surgery in all the study patients. Irrespective of tumor stage, a statistically significant decrease was noted in the percentage of phagocytizing platelets and in the phagocytic index in gastric cancer patients as compared to healthy subjects. Despite increased platelet count and stimulation of thrombocytopoiesis, the phagocytic functions of blood platelets were markedly impaired. Tumor development seems to impair metabolic processes. CONCLUSION: A decreasing phagocytic activity can promote both inflammatory processes and cancer growth.     

外伤性十二指肠损伤的诊治体会

目的总结十二指肠损伤的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析36例十二指肠损伤的临床诊治资料。结果治愈29例，死亡7例。死亡原因为十二指肠瘘、失血性休克、腹腔脓肿及多器官功能衰竭。十二指肠瘘和腹腔内脓肿是主要并发症。结论十二指肠损伤术前确诊率低，早期剖腹手术、抗感染及营养疗法是降低并发症和死亡率的关键。