Combined pancreatic and duodenal transection injury: A case report

IntroductionCombined pancreatic-duodenal injuries in blunt abdominal trauma are rare. These injuries are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and their emergent management is a challenge.Case presentationWe report a case of combined complete pancreatic (through the neck) and duodenal (first part) transections in a 24-year-old male secondary to blunt abdominal trauma following a motor vehicle crash. The duodenal stumps were closed separately and a gastrojejunostomy performed for intestinal continuity. The transacted head of pancreas main duct was suture ligated and parenchyma was over sewn and buttressed with omentum. The edge of the body and tail pancreatic segment was freshened and an end to side pancreatico-jejunostomy was fashioned. A drain was left in situ. Post operatively the patient developed a pancreatic fistula which resolved with conservative management. After ten months of follow up the patient was well and showed no signs and symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency.DiscussionLengthy, complex procedures in pancreatic injuries have been associated with poor outcomes. Distal pancreatectomy or Whipple’s procedure for trauma are viable options for complete pancreatic transections. But when there is concern that the residual proximal pancreatic tissue is inadequate to provide endocrine or exocrine function, preservation of the pancreatic tissue distal to the injury becomes an option.ConclusionCombined pancreatic and duodenal injuries are rare and often fatal. Early identification, resuscitation and surgical intervention is warranted. Because of the large number of possible combinations of injuries to the pancreas and duodenum, no one form of therapy is appropriate for all patients.     

Unusual presentations of abdominal tuberculosis: A case series of clinical mysteries

Abdominal tuberculosis is one of the common extra pulmonary tuberculosis with diverse clinical manifestations. It has high disease burden in endemic countries like India leading to significant morbidity and mortality when left untreated. It is of vital importance to treat to prevent significant disease related mortality. We report 4 patients of abdominal tuberculosis who presented with atypical presentations. The aim of our case series is to know the uncommon presentations of a common disease.     

15例十二指肠Brunner腺瘤的诊治

目的研究十二指肠Brunner腺瘤的临床特征和诊治进展。方法总结分析15例十二指肠Brunner腺瘤患者的临床表现、血清学检测、X线钡餐造影、普通内镜、超声内镜检查和治疗结果。将部分接受超声内镜检查者的诊断结果与术后组织病理检查结果进行对比。结果15例患者中有症状和体征者8例，其中伴发溃疡4例（溃疡并发穿孔2例），并发上消化道出血4例。所有患者血清学检查无异常；接受X线钡餐造影6例，内镜检查13例。诊断十二指肠Brunner腺瘤仅2例；超声内镜检查8例，均诊断为十二指肠Brunner腺瘤。15例患者中采用外科手术治疗7例，内镜摘除治疗8例，术前超声内镜检查结果与术后组织病理学诊断一致。结论十二指肠Brunner腺瘤是一种良性肿瘤，临床表现缺乏特异性。超声内镜检查对该病的诊治有一定价值，外科于术或内镜下摘除是主要的治疗方法。     

十二指肠隔绝术对2型糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用

目的 通过在2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠的十二指肠肠腔内放置套管,从而达到了避免食物与十二指肠黏膜直接接触的作用,观察该术式对糖尿病大鼠各项相关指标地影响,并评估其治疗效果.方法 选取24只雄性,Goto-Kakizaki (GK)大鼠,应用随机数字表进行随机分组:实验组(套管组)和对照组(假手术组),每组12只大鼠,分别观察术前(0周),术后第1、3、6、12周大鼠体质量、日均摄食量、空腹血糖(FGB)和术前(0周),术后6、12周糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)水平.结果 两组术前指标差异无明显统计学意义.术后1周各组大鼠的体质量和日均摄食量较之术前均有明显的降低:实验组体质量术前(262.6±5.6) gvs术后(224.0±6.3)g;实验组摄食量术前(25.5±2.7) g vs术后(16.5±3.0)g,P＜0.05,对照组变化情况同实验组,P＜0.05.两组大鼠术后3周、6周、12周体质量逐渐增加.实验组日均摄食量术后始终低于术前,P ＜0.05.对照组3周后体质量和日均进食量均高于术前,P＜0.05.实验组术后各周FPG水平(7.5±1.1) mmol/L,(7.2±1.2)mmol/L,(7.3±0.9) mmol/L,(7.1±1.0) mmol/L vs术前(12.2±1.2) mmol/L相比下降明显,P＜0.05.术后HbA1C,6周(7.8±0.9)％,12周(8.2±1.2)％ vs 术前(10.3±1.4)％下降明显,P＜0.05;对照组各指标相比于术前无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 十二指肠腔内套管地植入可以改善T2DM大鼠的糖代谢,从而达到治疗糖尿病的作用.     

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎32例临床诊治分析

目的 分析嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎(eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG)的临床特点、内镜下表现、病理特点及诊治要点,以提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析湖北医药学院附属太和医院消化内科2001年1月～2011年5月收治的32例EG患者临床资料,对病史、临床表现、实验室结果、内镜结果及治疗情况汇总分析.结果 32例患者黏膜型25例,浆膜型6例,黏膜-肌层混合型1例;患者多以腹痛为首发症状(84.38％);外周血和骨髓嗜酸粒细胞(ensinophils,EOS)计数明显增高(14.2％ ～49.5％ vs 12.5％ ～42.5％);镜下表现为黏膜充血水肿、糜烂、红斑,病变多分布在胃窦部、十二指肠和结肠;活检和腹水检测有大量EOS浸润;糖皮质激素治疗后患者症状缓解,复发用药亦有效.结论 EG多以腹痛起病,胃窦部、十二指肠、结肠为常见病变部位,内镜活检和腹水中见EOS浸润有助于明确诊断,糖皮质激素疗效好.     

十二指肠非壶腹部神经内分泌肿瘤内镜下切除的回顾性研究

目的 评价内镜超声检查术（EUS）判断十二指肠非壶腹部神经内分泌肿瘤大小和浸润深度的准确性，并对比内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）和改良ESD治疗十二指肠非壶腹部神经内分泌肿瘤的有效性和安全性。方法 以2007年1月至2018年1月于中国人民解放军总医院接受ESD（ESD组）或改良ESD（改良ESD组）治疗的22例十二指肠非壶腹部神经内分泌肿瘤患者为研究对象，回顾性纳入患者临床资料。22例患者中，13例行ESD,9例行改良ESD。对比分析ESD组和改良ESD组整块切除率、R0切除率、手术时间、手术相关并发症发生率等指标。以术后病理结果为金标准，评估术前EUS判定病变大小和浸润深度的准确率。结果 22例十二指肠非壶腹部神经内分泌肿瘤大小为（6.9±1.5）mm。与术后组织病理学结果相对照，内镜超声评估病变浸润深度的准确性为95.5%（21/22）。ESD组和改良ESD组的R0切除率分别为13/13和7/9（100.0% 比77.8%, P=1.000）。改良ESD组在手术时间上显著短于ESD组[（16.0±2.2） min 比 （29.8±4.9）min，P<0.001]。ESD组发生1例术中穿孔和1例迟发穿孔，改良ESD组发生1例迟发出血。术后22例患者均成功进行了随访，随访时间为(30.0±24.8)个月。随访期间无患者发生局部复发或者远处转移。结论 内镜超声可以准确评价十二指肠非壶腹部神经内分泌肿瘤的大小和浸润深度。对于直径≤10 mm，浸润深度局限在黏膜下层的十二指肠非壶腹部神经内分泌肿瘤，改良ESD可以获得与ESD相当的临床治疗效果。     

Perforated duodenal diverticulum: Surgical treatment and literature review

INTRODUCTION

Duodenum is the second most frequent location for a diverticulum in the digestive tract. Complications are rare and perforation was only reported in less than 200 cases.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 79-year-old female was admitted to Emergency Department with abdominal pain and vomiting for the last 24 h. A CT scan was performed and moderated extra-luminal air was identified. During surgery a fourth portion perforated duodenal diverticulum was diagnosed and duodenal resection was performed.

DISCUSSION

First reported in 1710, the incidence of duodenal diverticula can be as high as 22%. Nevertheless complications are extremely rare and include haemorrhage, inflammation, compression of surrounding organs, neoplastic progression, cholestasis and perforation.As perforations are often retroperitoneal, symptoms are nonspecific and rarely include peritoneal irritation, making clinical diagnose a challenge.CT scan will usually present extra-luminal retroperitoneal air and mesenteric fat stranding, providing clues for the diagnosis.Although non-operative treatment has been reported in selected patients, standard treatment is surgery and alternatives are diverse including diverticulectomy or duodenopancreatectomy.

CONCLUSION

Perforated diverticula of the fourth portion of the duodenum are extremely rare and current evidence still supports surgery as the primary treatment modality.     

消化道异位胰腺CT表现

目的:分析消化道异位胰腺CT特征。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实25例消化道异位胰腺CT表现,其中14例行CT增强检查。根据病变部位和临床症状,将消化道异位胰腺CT表现分为:黏膜下型、梗阻型、憩室型和溃疡型。结果:①25例异位胰腺均为单发病灶。胃部12例,十二指肠7例,小肠6例(空肠4例,回肠2例)。②黏膜下型异位胰腺:胃部7例,发生在胃窦部大弯侧;十二指肠2例,位于球部。梗阻型:胃部3例,病变位于幽门管;十二指肠2例,位于壶腹周围区,胆总管梗阻;空肠3例,1例发生肠套叠。溃疡型:胃部2例,见中央脐凹征;十二指肠2例,位于球部。憩室型:十二指肠1例,位于乳突部;空肠1例;回肠2例,近回盲部。③病理显示Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型14例,Ⅲ型5例。在增强检查14例中11例类似正常胰腺强化,病理为Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型;3例强化不明显,病理为Ⅲ型。结论:消化道不同部位异位胰腺有不同CT特征,CT不同表现与异位胰腺病理组成相关,CT检查有助于对本病的正确诊断。