Risk factors associated with lymphedema after lymph node dissection in melanoma patients

Background

Secondary lymphedema is a frequent complication after lymphadenectomy in melanoma patients, although few studies in melanoma adequately characterize risk factors for lymphedema, and of these, sample size is limited. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with the lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) in a more robust cohort of melanoma patients.

Methods

We identified 269 ALND or ILND melanoma patients treated between 2008 and 2014. Demographic, clinical, and postoperative data were collected by review of the electronic medical record. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine independent predictors of lymphedema.

Results

Fifty-six (20.8%) of the patients developed lymphedema after lymph node dissection with a median staging group of 3. ILND (odds ratio [OR] = 4.506, P < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.289 to 8.869) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD; OR = 3.849, P = .020, 95% CI: 1.237 to 11.975) were significant predictors of lymphedema in multivariate analysis. Obese body mass index approached significance (OR = 1.802, P = .069, 95% CI: .955 to 3.399).

Conclusions

PVD and ILND were the 2 factors associated with the highest risk of lymphedema in melanoma surgery with PVD increasing risk 2-fold in ILND patients and 3-fold in ALND patients. These findings may improve surgeon-patient communication of care goals and surgical risk assessment.     

宫颈癌患者术后下肢淋巴水肿发生状况及危险因素分析

目的分析宫颈癌患者术后下肢淋巴水肿发生情况及相关危险因素。方法应用妇科癌症淋巴水肿问卷电话调查492例手术治疗的宫颈癌患者下肢淋巴水肿发生情况,并分析术后下肢淋巴水肿的危险因素。结果宫颈癌患者术后下肢淋巴水肿发生率为20.93%,严重程度以Ⅰ度为主(占86.41%),中位发生时间为5.5个月。logistic回归分析表明,年龄、淋巴结清扫数目、术后辅助放疗、持续站立时间是术后下肢淋巴水肿发生的危险因素,规律运动锻炼是其保护因素(P0.05,P0.01)。243例术后联合放疗患者下肢淋巴水肿发生的危险因素为淋巴结清扫数目20枚及术后放疗开始时间45d(P0.05,P0.01)。结论下肢淋巴水肿是宫颈癌术后常见的并发症,年龄大、淋巴结清扫数目多、辅助放疗、长时间站立的患者是下肢淋巴水肿发生的高危人群。医护人员应做好高危人群筛查,及时给予健康教育,并积极探寻有效的预防干预措施,降低术后下肢淋巴水肿的发生率。     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma: Which hot nodes should be harvested and is blue dye really necessary?

Objectives

The ‘10% rule’ has become widely accepted by surgeons performing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for melanoma. The purpose of this study was to compare the ‘10% rule’ with alternative node harvesting criteria. In particular, we were interested to see whether the use of blue dye had any impact on the sensitivity of the test and whether it is necessary to remove all hot nodes.

早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检手术中示踪方法的临床应用研究

目的对比分析核素联合亚甲蓝与亚甲蓝单示踪法在早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术中应用效果。方法收集我院385例行前哨淋巴结活检术的乳腺癌患者的临床资料,其中109例由高年资医生应用亚甲蓝单示踪法,276例由高年资和低年资两组医生应用核素联合亚甲蓝示踪法,对比分析行联合示踪法与单示踪法前哨淋巴结活检结果的差异。并分析不同年资手术医生在联合示踪法前哨淋巴结活检结果的差异。结果联合示踪法与亚甲蓝单示踪法在前哨淋巴结活检的检出率、假阴性率、准确率、灵敏率无统计学意义(P>0.05),在联合示踪法下,高年资手术医生与低年资手术医生的前哨淋巴结活检的检出率、假阴性率、准确率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论高年资外科医生使用亚甲蓝单示踪法行前哨淋巴结活检,是安全可靠又经济的方法。联合示踪法有助于帮助年轻的乳腺外科医生快速掌握熟悉前哨淋巴结活检技术。     

miR-143在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探究miR-143在甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)中的表达情况及临床意义。方法收集2018年1月1日至2018年3月31日青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院甲状腺外科52例PTC患者的癌组织标本及癌旁组织标本,采用RT-qPCR分析miR-143在PTC中的表达情况并统计分析miR-143表达与临床病理特点的关系。结果RT-qPCR发现在PTC肿瘤组织中miR-143表达为(3.60±2.98),癌旁正常甲状腺组织中miR-143表达为(20.23±7.09),miR-143表达在PTC癌组织中较癌旁组织中明显降低(t=-21.39,95%CI,18.20~15.07),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。miR-143低表达与PTC患者中央区转移数目≥3(t=10.13,P=0.012)及侧颈部淋巴结转移(t=-4.67,P<0.001)相关。结论miR-143在PTC中表达降低,其表达降低参与PTC淋巴结转移。miR-143可作为PTC治疗中潜在的干预靶点。     

Interleukin-18 and −10 may be associated with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer

Reports on the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 in breast cancer are rare. The present study investigated the correlation between IL-18 and −10 in breast cancer, and assessed their clinical significance. Breast cancer (n=104) and breast fibroadenoma (n=31) tissues that were surgically removed and pathologically confirmed at Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan, China) between November 2016 and January 2019 were collected. The expression of IL-18 and −10 was observed via immunohistochemistry. Breast cancer tissues were positive for IL-18 expression, which was primarily located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. A significant difference in IL-18 expression was observed between breast cancer and fibroadenoma tissues (75.0 vs. 19.4%; P<0.001). IL-10 was expressed in breast cancer tissues and primarily located in the cytoplasm. Breast cancer tissues showed a significantly higher level of IL-10 expression compared with breast fibroadenoma tissues (78.8 vs. 22.6%; P<0.001). The regions of positive IL-18 and −10 expression were consistent. Tissues with positive expression of IL-18 and/or −10 had a significantly higher rate of lymph node metastasis than those with negative expression (IL-18: 67.9 vs. 42.3%; P=0.035; and IL-10: 67.1 vs. 40.9%; P=0.047). In conclusion, IL-18 is highly expressed in breast cancer and correlates positively with IL-10. Both IL-18 and −10 may correlate positively with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.     

Exceeding 30 ELNs is strongly recommended for pT3-4N0 patients with gastric cancer: A multicenter study of survival,recurrence, and prediction model

The argument concerning the exact minimum number of examined lymph nodes (ELNs) has continued for a long time among various regions, and no consensus has been reached for stratified pathological T stages for data to date. Data from 4607 pN0 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the similar overall survival (OS) outcomes among the 3 groups (ELNs ≤ 15, 16 ≤ ELNs ≤ 29 and ELNs ≥ 30, P = .171). However, the ELNs ≥ 30 group had a better disease-free survival (DFS) outcome compared with the others (all P < .05). An increased ELN group (ELNs ≥ 30) showed an improved OS only for pT3 patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.397, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.182-0.866, P = .020), while an improved DFS for pT3 patients (HR = 0.362, 95%CI: 0.152-0.860, P = .021) and pT4 patients (HR = 0.484, 95%CI: 0.277-0.844, P = .011) in the multivariate analysis. A well discriminated and calibrated nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of the OS and DFS, with the C-index for OS and DFS prediction of 0.782 (95%CI: 0.735 to 0.829) and 0.738 (95%CI: 0.685 to 0.791), respectively. This study provides new and useful insights into the impact of ELN count on reducing stage migration and postoperative recurrence of pN0 patients with gastric cancer in 2000-2017. In conclusion, a larger number of ELNs is suggested for surgeons to prolong the prognosis of pN0 gastric cancer, especially for pT3 patients.