Markers of potential malignancy in chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

Aim: To examine the presence of markers associated with malignancy, including p53, p21 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, murine double minutes‐2, and others, in chronic hyperplastic candidiasis. Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were used to examine the expression of p53, murine double minutes‐2, p21 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, metallothionein, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in 42 chronic hyperplastic candidiasis lesions and 11 non‐infected control tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated digoxigenin‐dUTP nick‐end labeling was used to examine apoptosis, which was correlated with p53 expression. These markers were measured in lesions of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis that did not show any epithelial dysplasia or histological signs of malignancy. Results: p53 scores were higher in chronic hyperplastic candidiasis than in controls (P = 0.0046). Murine double‐minutes 2 levels were not elevated. p21 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A was increased in parabasal (P < 0.0001) and basal epithelial cells. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis lesions showed a similar basal/parabasal metallothionein staining pattern to that seen in normal squamous epithelium. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was increased (P = 0.0007), as was apoptosis (P = 0.0033). Conclusion: Increased p53 in oral chronic hyperplastic candidiasis suggests an increased potential for malignant change in the epithelium, above that of normal tissues. Further functional investigation is required, as well as clinical follow‐up studies.     

Clinical definition of the axillary vein and experience with blind axillary puncture

The prevalence of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries (CAAs) is reported to be approximately 0.2-1.4% of the general population. Of them, The double right coronary artery (RCA) is one of the rarest coronary anomalies. Nonetheless, there is no consensus of the definition of a double RCA until now. Several concepts have been proposed in order to define what is and is not a double RCA. So far, it was been reported 37 times and in 44 cases after a comprehensive literature search through the PubMed database, using the keywords “double right coronary artery,” “duplicated right coronary artery,” “dual right coronary artery” and “split right coronary artery.” Most of the published articles (28 of 37 articles) used the name “double right coronary artery.” Nevertheless, some investigators contended that a split RCA is anatomically the same anomaly as the improperly named “double right coronary artery”. The debate between those who favor “double RCA” and those who favor “split RCA” indicate the need for a consensus regarding the nomenclature as well diagnostic criteria of such coronary anomalies. It is the time we need to reach a consensus of the nomenclature of this congenital coronary anomaly.     

Double Common Bile Duct: A Case Report

The aim of our study is to present a case of double common bile duct. Specifically, we found a common bile duct that was divided into two distinct ducts, one the main and the other the accessory duct, during its course downwards. The two bile ducts had a parallel course emerging from the common bile duct after its formation and reuniting just above the head of the pancreas. Finally, they drained into the second portion of the duodenum at the site of major duodenal papilla. This anomaly is of great importance because the duplication of the common bile duct can lead to severe intraoperative injury to one of the two common bile ducts, which can be mistaken for the cystic duct and be ligated. Moreover, we present the relative international literature and the clinical significance of our finding.     

结肠气钡双重造影和结肠CT应用价值的对比分析

目的 探讨结肠气钡双重造影和结肠CT在结直肠疾病诊断中的应用价值,并对比分析两种检查方法的优缺点.方法 回顾性分析2005年6月至2013年8月我院213例结肠气钡双重造影和结肠CT检查结果,对比观察两种检查方法所检出的病种、结直肠肿瘤和息肉的大小、部位及并发症发生情况.结果 结肠气钡双重造影对溃疡性结肠炎、慢性阑尾炎、憩室等疾病和近端结肠及小病灶的诊断能力优于结肠CT;结肠CT对结直肠肿瘤及远端结肠的诊断能力则优于结肠气钡双重造影.结论 结肠气钡双重造影和结肠CT各具优势,在临床工作中应视具体情况加以选择或联合应用.     

胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗策略分析

目的探讨分析手术治疗胫骨平台骨折的策略。方法回顾性分析我院在2011年3月至2013年10月收治的30例胫骨平台骨折患者的手术治疗情况,其中13例患者行双柱支撑固定植骨手术治疗,17例患者行单柱支撑固定植骨手术治疗。结果本组所有患者术后经过1²年时间随访,参照Rasmussen膝关节功能评分,结果治疗优良者26例,优良率为86.7%,其中优17例,良10例,可2例,差1例。结论在确保骨折部良好血运的情况下,首先解剖复位胫骨平台,并进行支撑固定植骨手术治疗的手术治疗效果显著,固定更加持久、稳固,是一种安全有效的手术方法,值得在临床上进一步推广。     

Operating theatre etiquette,sterile technique and surgical site preparation

The operating theatre is an unusual environment and understanding the systems in place there is an important part of surgical training. ‘Non-technical skills’ is a term used to describe everything a surgeon does in the operating theatre, other than the technical aspects of the procedure itself. This includes communication, decision making and leadership. Non-technical skills have become a vital aspect of the development of a surgeon and should form part of training programmes. A fundamental responsibility of the surgeon is the maintenance of sterility. The techniques of the surgical scrub and preparing and draping a patient only become second nature after good teaching and reflection by the surgeon. The purpose of this article is firstly to describe how a surgical trainee can get the most out of an operating session. We will describe what non-technical surgical skills are and why they are important. We will focus on safety in the operating theatre and discuss worldwide strategies such as the ‘Surgical Safety Checklist’ that aims to improve this. Finally we will present data on measures to reduce surgical site infection, such as which surgical scrub solution to use and whether drapes or wound protectors work.     

两点注射垂体后叶素在宫颈冷刀锥切术中的应用

目的:观察两点注射垂体后叶素在宫颈冷刀锥切术中的临床疗效和安全性。方法:96例行宫颈冷刀锥切术患者按随机数字表法均分为对照组、单点注射组、两点注射组。对照组患者行宫颈冷刀锥切术后,阴道内填塞碘仿纱布卷压迫止血;单点注射组患者行宫颈冷刀锥切术时,在宫颈9点处给予垂体后叶素2 ml加入0.9%氯化钠注射液3 ml中宫颈注射,术后阴道内填塞碘仿纱布卷压迫止血;两点注射组患者行宫颈冷刀锥切术时,在宫颈3点和9点处分别给予垂体后叶素1 ml加入0.9%氯化钠注射液1.5 ml中宫颈注射,术后阴道内填塞碘仿纱布卷压迫止血。观察3组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症发生率及不良反应发生情况。结果:单点注射组、两点注射组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症总发生率均显著优于对照组患者,且两点注射组患者优于单点注射组患者,3组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者治疗期间均未见明显不良反应发生。结论:两点注射垂体后叶素用于宫颈冷刀锥切术,能减少术中出血量、缩短手术时间,且安全性较好。     

腰椎后路植骨并椎弓根钉棒内固定术治疗症状性双节段峡部裂

目的：探讨腰椎后路植骨并椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗症状性双节段腰椎峡部裂的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析腰椎后路手术治疗的12例有临床症状的双节段腰椎峡部裂患者,采用JOA腰痛评分标准、Smiley-Webster功能评分法、Oswestry功能障碍指数、Taillard指数综合、Lenke脊柱植骨融合评价标准评定术后疗效。结果术后JOA腰痛评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、Taillard指数均较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。 Smiley-Webster功能评分结果：优8例,良3例,可1例。Lenke评价植骨融合结果：A级20个节段, B级4个节段。结论腰椎后路峡部植骨或椎体间融合结合椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术是治疗症状性双节段峡部裂的有效方法,能够取得满意的疗效。     

Single- Versus Double-Unit Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation for Hematologic Diseases: A Systematic Review

Controversial results exist regarding the clinical benefits of single- vs double-unit umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in patients with hematologic diseases. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate this issue. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to May 2018. A total of 25 studies including 6571 recipients were identified. Although double-unit UCB contained higher doses of total nucleated cells and CD34⁺ cells, it offered no advantages over single-unit UCB in terms of hematologic recovery, including the rate and speed of neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Double-unit UCBT was associated with higher incidences of grades II-IV acute and extensive chronic graft-vs-host disease, accompanied by a lower relapse incidence, which may be attributed to a graft-vs-graft effect induced by double-unit UCB. However, transplant-related mortality, disease-free survival, and overall survival were comparable between single- and double-unit UCBT. Although double-unit UCBT confers no clinical advantages over single-unit UCBT, certain patients, such as those at high risk of relapse, might benefit from double-unit UCBT, a possibility that needs to be clarified in future randomized trials.