Double β-lactam regimen compared to an aminoglycoside/β-lactam regimen as empiric antibiotic therapy for febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients

In a prospective, randomized trial, 205 febrile episodes in granulocytopenic cancer patients were treated with ceftazidime with or without tobramycin (C±T), both agents being administered only if the initial granulocyte count was below 200/l, or ceftazidime plus piperacillin (C+P). The overall response rate was 71% (39 of 60 for C±T and 45 of 58 for C+P). Logistic regression analyses documented no evidence of a significant difference between the two regimens in overall treatment effect after accounting for the linear effects of potentially important variables, such as infection type and granulocyte count. Although the response rates for the subgroup of patients with bacteremias was better with the C+P regimen (P=0.06), there was no difference in response for patients with bacteremia and profound (<100/gml) sustained granulocytopenia. The double -lactam combination demonstrated in vitro synergism in 73%; antagonism was not seen. Both regimens produced execllent serum bactericidal levels (C±T geometric mean peak 1:170; C+P peak 1:137) against gram-negative but not gram-positive pathogens (1:4; 1:7 respectively) that had caused bacteremia. Emergence of resistance and significant coagulopathy and/or bleeding did not occur during therapy. Antibiotic-related nephrotoxicity was noted in 7 of 95 trials in the C+P and in 6 of 89 trials in the C±T group (P=0.19). The incidence of secondary infections in patients with profound (<100/l) sustained granulocytopenia was lower in the C±T group (P=0.04). Alimentary canal anaerobic flora preservation with C±T, and suppression with C+P, was demonstrated. These results suggest that these regimens are of similar effectiveness and neigher is associated with major toxicity.     

Plasmapheresis-related hypotension

Hypotension is an uncommon complication of procedures involving extracorporeal circulation, including plasmapheresis. From November 1993 to March 1999, we treated 139 patients who underwent a total of 1,137 sessions of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFP). Hypotension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) < 80 mm Hg or any decrease of systolic BP with systemic reactions. A total of 17 (1.5%) episodes of hypotension were documented in 15 patients during the study period. Hypotensive episodes occurred in 2.3% of patients with inflammatory neuropathy, 1.2% of patients with myasthenia gravis, and 1.2% of patients with all other medical diseases. Involvement of the autonomic nerve system (ANS) and a low baseline BP were associated with the occurrence of hypotension. Eight (47%) of 17 episodes were symptomatic and 2 were complicated with seizure. Patients with symptomatic hypotension had a higher level of systolic BP prior to DFP and a larger drop of systolic BP and pulse rate during hypotensive attacks compared to asymptomatic patients. Most hypotensive episodes were resolved briefly after intravenous infusion of saline within 30 min. Eight (47%) of the hypotensive episodes occurred during the first session of DFP treatment. Twelve (71%) of 17 episodes occurred during the last half period of treatment; 6 of them were noted during the terminating stage of DFP. In conclusion, in this series plasmapheresis-related hypotension occurred in 1.5% of DFP sessions and had a higher prevalence in patients with ANS instability and low BP. Extra caution in monitoring BP during DFP therapy is warranted in these vulnerable patients, especially during the termination phase of the first DFP session.     

Double Outlet Right Ventricle with Intact Atrial Septum and Restrictive Ventricular Septal Defect: An Analysis of Two Cases

Two cases of double outlet right ventricle with restrictive ventricular septal defect are described. This is an uncommon presentation that causes left ventricular dysfunction because of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The presence of an intact atrial septum leads to severe pulmonary hypertension, which tends to aggravate the right ventricular output. In the presence of a normal left ventricle, the authors suggest the possibility of enlargement of the ventricular septal defect in order to perform a biventricular repair. The association of a supramitral valve ring in both cases, and the isolation of the left subclavian artery and an aortopulmonary fenestration in one of these cases, are also discussed. In addition we explore factors that cause restrictive ventricular septal defects as well as the mechanisms that may lead to spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect in a double outlet right ventricle.     

Comparison between double-filtration plasmapheresis and immunoadsorption plasmapheresis in the treatment of patients with myasthenia gravis

Two techniques for plasmapheresis are used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG): immunoadsorption (IA) and double filtration (DR). This controlled study evaluated the differences between these techniques in clinical effects and serological changes. Five patients with generalized MG (clinical states IIb and III) were enrolled; each patient received IA and DF plasmapheresis on separate occasions. Immunosorba TR-350 with an affinity to acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AchRAb) was used for IA, while Evaflux 4A was used as the plasma fractionator for DF. Each course of treatment consisted of five sessions of apheresis. MG score, titers of AchRAb, immunoglobulins (IG), and plasma biochemistry were assessed by blinded examiners before and immediately after the entire course of treatment. Both treatments effectively ameliorated symptoms of MG. There were no significant changes in MG score between the two groups (IA vs. DF: 2.2 vs. 2.6, P>0.5). IA had a higher clearance rate of AchRAb than DF (66 % vs. 54 %, P<0.05), while DF removed more IgA (72 % vs. 21 %, P< 0.05) and IgM (89 % vs. 57 %, P<0.01) than did IA. Although IA removed AchRAb more effectively than DF, the clinical effects between these two treatments were similar. The titers of AchRAb cannot reflect the clinical severity. Some circulating factors other than AchRAb may contribute to the pathogenesis of MG. Received: 10 September 1999, Received in revised form: 7 February 2000, Accepted: 24 February 2000     

中药对药治疗小儿肾病探析

肾病是小儿泌尿系常见疑难病,西医多应用激素和免疫抑制剂治疗,有较大副作用。在我们长期的临床实践中发现中医药治疗小儿肾病可以提高缓解率,减少复发率,减少西药的毒副作用,有较大优势,并且在临床应用中发现有不少固定组合的对药或组药,可以明显提高临床疗效。     

双管喉罩在COPD呼吸衰竭患者无创通气中的应用效果

目的：探讨双管喉罩用于COPD呼吸衰竭无创通气中的应用效果。方法选取本院2012年1月~2014年6月收治的60例COPD合并Ⅱ型吸吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,各30例。观察组给予双管喉罩,对照组给予普通口鼻面罩,比较两组的SpO2上升时间、动脉血气改善时间、通气失败率、脱机时间、并发症发生率。结果观察组的SpO2上升时间、脱机时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组的反流误吸率、通气失败率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后8、48 h的pH、PaCO2水平显著高于对照组,观察组的PaCO2水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论双管喉罩可以更好地改善COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的预后,能够替代口鼻面罩用于该类患者的无创通气治疗。     

改良双套管持续冲洗负压吸引在肠瘘治疗中的临床分析

目的 探讨改良双套管持续冲洗负压吸引方法治疗肠瘘的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2003年2月~2013年9月在本科住院治疗肠瘘患者的临床资料,其中A组27例采用自制双套管连接低负压持续引流,B组24例采用传统单腔引流管,分析和比较两组的住院天数、最高体温、引流液量、吻合口狭窄发生率、再手术率及痊愈时间。结果 A组住院天数、痊愈时间短于B组,引流液量少于B组,吻合口狭窄发生率、再手术率低于B组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 术后发生肠瘘应立即采用自制双套管及持续低负压冲洗,较传统治疗方式能取得更好的治疗效果。     

瞬时加速度波强与传统评价左心室收缩功能指标的比较

目的通过对左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末容积(EDV)、左心室收缩末容积(ESV)、瞬时加速度波强(W1)、6 min步行距离(6MWD)的比较,探索W1评价冠心病患者左心功能的价值。方法应用ProSoundα10彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测患者EDV、ESV、LVEF、W1,随即测量患者6MWD,之后2 h内行冠状动脉造影,选择冠状动脉造影证实至少1支血管一处狭窄>50%患者83例作为研究对象。将入选者按6MWD分为2组(6 min运动距离正常组,6MWD>350 m;6 min运动距离减退组,6MWD<350 m),比较两组间EDV、ESV、LVEF、W1。结果两组EDV、ESV、W1、LVEF比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01);W1、LVEF与6MWD呈明显正相关(P<0.01);EDV、ESV与6MWD呈明显负相关(P<0.01)。结论 W1有望成为一项反映左心室收缩功能的超声指标。     

眼罩模拟联合过渡期护理干预在重睑手术患者中的应用效果

目的 观察对重睑手术患者应用眼罩模拟联合过渡期护理干预的效果。方法 选取2021年2月-2023年 2月于我院行重睑手术的76例患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组38例。对照组给予常规护 理,观察组给予眼罩模拟联合过渡期护理干预,比较两组满意度、舒适度、生活质量、血压及心率水平。 结果 观察组满意度各项评分均高于对照组（P ＜0.05）;观察组干预后社会环境、生理、文化、心理评分 均高于对照组（P ＜0.05）;观察组生活质量各维度评分均高于对照组（P ＜0.05）;观察组术前、术中、 术后收缩压、舒张压均优于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组术前、术中、术后心率均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。 结论 眼罩模拟联合过渡期护理干预在重睑手术患者中的应用效果确切,可提高患者的舒适度,改善其生 活质量,有利于提升护理满意度,减少患者血压及心率波动,值得临床应用。     

BMI型双腔可卷式主动咏内气囊(IAB)的研究

本文报道了BMI型双腔,可卷式主动咏内气囊(IAB)的研究。这种新型IAB的结构是由卷子,双腔导管和气囊三部分组成。通过体外频率响应试验,静态破坏性实验,动态疲劳试验及一系列的动物实验结果证明,BMI型双腔可卷经皮穿刺插入式IAB具有先进的结构,安全可靠的机械性能,良好的血液动力学反搏效果,适于临床使用。