孕产妇弥散性血管内凝血的成分输血疗效观察

目的探讨成分输血抢救孕产妇弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)的疗效。方法参照DIC诊断标准、治疗原则及成分输血方案制订详细的孕产妇DIC治疗方案,分析在去除病因前、后输注成分血,特别是新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP)对血常规及出凝血相关指标的影响及临床出血情况。结果符合条件的25名病人在去除病因前,成分输血(如FFP)对临床出血症状、血小板计数、凝血酶原时间、活化的部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原、3P试验等指标的纠正不明显(P>0.10),但在病因去除后得到明显改善(P<0.001)。在输注浓缩血小板前静脉注射微量肝素10mg是比较安全的。羊水栓塞孕产妇在密切观察下及时静脉注射小剂量肝素(25～50mg)可阻止DIC的进展。结论成分输血抢救孕产妇DIC出血有一定疗效,在去除病因后疗效更好,早期输注成分血对去除产科病因,赢得抢救时间有积极作用。     

产科弥漫性血管内凝血的护理30例

肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄、梗阻是造成先天性小儿肾积水最常见的原因，约占90％。常见的治疗方法是离断式肾盂输尿管成型术。我院1998年12月-2004年11月行介入治疗，经皮肾穿刺输尿管球囊成型扩张术治疗因肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄所致肾积水患儿32例，取得良好疗效，现将护理报道如下。     

胎盘早剥25例临床分析

目的:探讨胎盘早剥的发病原因、胎盘早剥与妊高症及急性弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)的关系。方法:对2000年1月-2004年7月25例胎盘早剥患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:(1)25例胎盘早剥患者的发病原因主要是妊高症、机械性因素(包括私人不恰当操作)、羊水过多、胎膜早破;(2)25例胎盘早剥患者中妊高症10例(40%),重度妊高症6例(24%);(3)25例胎盘早剥患者并发DIC6例(24%);(4)25例胎盘早剥患者中死胎5例(20%),新生儿死亡2例(8%),死产1例(4%),新生儿窒息5例(20%),孕产妇死亡1例(4%),次全子宫切除5例(20%),产后出血9例(36%)。6例并发DIC患者中死胎4例(66.7%),新生儿重度窒息1例(16.7%);产妇死亡1例(16.7%),次全子宫切除4例(66.7%)。结论:胎盘早剥是严重威胁孕产妇及胎儿生命的妊娠晚期并发症,尤其是重度妊高症诱发的胎盘早剥,易并发急性DIC,威胁母婴安全。     

盆腔填塞在产科DIC术中急救的应用观察

目的观察盆腔填塞应用于产科DIC病人术中急救的效果和可行性。方法对8例术中弥漫性渗血无法用常规缝扎、压迫等方法止血的DIC病人采用纱垫（条）填塞盆腔以止血。结果8例均止血成功,取出纱条无再出血,无严重感染、血栓等手术并发症。结论盆腔填塞是严重DIC病人术中弥漫性出血的安全有效的止血方法。     

Cerebral venous thrombosis treated with enoxaparin in an IUGR neonate with DIC

Background  The case of a term IUGR newborn who presented a cerebral vein thrombosis diagnosed by routine ultrasound brain scan, and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography, is reported. A thrombosis of cortical cerebral veins and intracerebral haemorrhage in the right frontal paramedian region was observed. Methods  Treatment with enoxaparin was started at the initial dose of 0.5 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 h and then at 1.25 mg/kg per 12 h in order to obtain anti-factor Xa levels between 0.5 and 1.0 U/ml. After hospital discharge, enoxaparin was continued for 2 months with a lower dose (1.8 mg/kg/die). Conclusion  Treatment with enoxaparin was effective as demonstrated by a complete “restitutio ad integrum”.     

严重创伤合并急性肺损伤恶化进展至急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床危险因素分析

目的 研究影响严重创伤合并急性肺损伤恶化进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征的潜在危险因素.方法 回顾性分析严重创伤患者375例,通过单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析法对20个潜在影响急性肺损伤恶化进展的危险因素进行研究.结果 所有严重创伤合并急性肺损伤患者纳入研究,分析得出6个影响急性肺损伤进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征的危险因素是:脓毒症、创伤持续时间、APACHE Ⅱ评分、弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)、胃肠返流、高龄;同时发现这些特定的危险因素对不同的分层患者人群具有不同的影响程度.结论 脓毒症、DIC和创伤持续时间对急性肺损伤恶化进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征的影响是始终贯穿于整个治疗期;胃肠返流和APACHE Ⅱ评分对病情进展的预测仅仅存在于创伤后的早期阶段;由于严重的创伤性打击和肺功能的衰退,高龄仍旧是影响急性肺损伤进展的独立危险因素.具备这些危险因素的患者必须尽可能早的接受积极治疗以阻止进一步恶化.     

The initial experience of antithrombin III in the management of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis

Background

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the devastating enteric process of premature neonates, is marked by severe intravascular abnormalities and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Treatment to date remains historical and continues to be merely supportive without attempts to ameliorate progress within the inflammatory or coagulation cascades. Antithrombin III (ATIII) supplementation has been shown to favorably alter the process of disseminated intravascular coagulation and sepsis in adults. However, no reported use of this treatment exists in neonates. Therefore, we analyze the efficacy of our recent experience with ATIII replacement therapy in neonates with NEC.

Methods

Age and diseased-matched controls with NEC were identified before the introduction of ATIII in our institution and compared against neonates with NEC undergoing ATIII replacement for diminished ATIII levels. Data collected included demographics, course of treatment parameters, and outcomes. Course of treatment parameters included hemoglobin, platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time over the first 10 consecutive days of treatment. Outcome variables included packed red blood cell, platelet, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate transfusions, as well as transfusion cost, length of stay, and survival.

Results

Over a 5-year period, 19 neonates with NEC received ATIII and were compared to 17 historical controls. Treatment hematologic profiles were not worsened in the ATIII-treated patients. The control patients received less overall transfusions and had a shorter length of stay.

Conclusion

Antithrombin III appears to be safe in neonates with NEC, and its impact on reversing intravascular pathology in these patients warrants more thorough investigation.