弥可保穴位注射治疗糖尿病周围神经病变40例

采用常规饮食控制加诺和灵控制血糖基础上配合弥可保穴位注射治疗糖尿病周围神经病变 4 0例 ,并设单纯西药治疗 4 0例为对照组。结果 ;治疗组显效 17例 ,有效 19例 ,无效 4例 ,总有效率 90 .0 % ;对照组显效 7例 ,有效 18例 ,无效 15例 ,总有效率 6 2 .5 %。两组比较有显著差异 (χ2 =11.992 ,P<0 .0 0 5 )。肌电图结果提示治疗组神经传导速度明显改善 ,优于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )     

Retinol status of newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

The etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is not yet known. Studies in the literature from 1941 have reported that nutritional deficiency of vitamin A during pregnancy could lead to CDH, associated or not with other malformations in young rats. More recently, possible correlations between expression patterns of cellular retinoid-binding protein and retinoic-acid receptors and morphologic effects of vitamin A deficiency have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to verify in human newborns the possible link between vitamin A deficiency and CDH previously observed in experimental animals. Blood samples were obtained during the first hours after birth from 11 term CDH newborns and 11 healthy controls matched for gestational age, and also from 7 mothers in each group, for a total of 7 newborn-mother pairs of matched CDH-controls. Plasma retinol was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and retinol-binding protein (RBP) by nephelometry. In the 11 matched CDH-control newborns, plasma retinol and RBP levels in CDH newborns were 50% less than control values (P< 0.0002 and <0.006, respectively); in contrast, retinol levels in CDH mothers were significantly higher than those of control mothers (P < 0.005). The observation that the plasma concentrations of retinol and RBP are low in infants with CDH relative to controls may be clinically very relevant and may help to elucidate the mechanism of development of this congenital anomaly.     

儿童脊肌萎缩症23例临床特点及遗传学分析

目的 探讨脊肌萎缩症的临床特点和遗传方式。方法 对23例脊肌萎缩症患儿的临床资料进行总结,并用Weiber先证法分析其发病的遗传规律。结果 临床特点为出生后双下肢呈对称性弛缓性瘫痪且进行性加重,四肢近端无力,肌张力、肌力低下;肌电图主要表现为神经原性损害。隐性遗传分离分析表明,12个家系23例患儿发病方式符合常染色体隐性遗传。结论 脊肌萎缩症的临床发病早且病死率高,在遗传咨询中注意作相关产前基因检查,可避免该类患儿的出生。     

Prospective analysis of a surgical algorithm to achieve ventilator weaning in cervical tetraplegia

Objectives: Chronic ventilator dependency in cervical tetraplegia is associated with substantial morbidity. When non-invasive weaning methods have failed the primary surgical treatment is diaphragm pacing. Phrenic nerve integrity and diaphragm motor units are requirements for effective pacing but may need to be restored for successful weaning. A surgical algorithm that includes: 1. Diaphragm pacing, 2. Phrenic nerve reconstruction, and 3. Diaphragm muscle replacement, may provide the capability of reducing or reversing ventilator dependency in virtually all cervical tetraplegics.Design: Prospective case series.Setting: A university-based hospital from 2015 to 2019.Participants: Ten patients with ventilator-dependent cervical tetraplegia.Interventions: I. Pacemaker alone, II. Pacemaker + phrenic nerve reconstruction, or III. Pacemaker + diaphragm muscle replacement.Outcome measures: Time from surgery to observed reduction in ventilator requirements (↓VR), ventilatory needs as of most recent follow-up [no change (NC), partial weaning (PW, 1–12 h/day), or complete weaning (CW, >12 h/day)], and complications.Results: Both patients in Group I achieved CW at 6-month follow-up. Two patients in Group II achieved CW, and in another two patients PW was achieved, at 1.5–2-year follow-up. The remaining two patients are NC at 6 and 8-month follow-up, respectively. In group III, both patients achieved PW at 2-year follow-up. Complications included mucous plugging (n = 1) and pacemaker malfunction requiring revision (n = 3).Conclusion: Although more investigation is necessary, phrenic nerve reconstruction or diaphragm muscle replacement performed (when indicated) with pacemaker implantation may allow virtually all ventilator-dependent cervical tetraplegics to partially or completely wean.     

Coactivation of the elbow antagonist muscles is not affected by the speed of movement in isokinetic exercise

Since muscle coactivation increases the stiffness and stability of a joint, greater coactivation is likely during faster than slower movements. Very few studies, though, have been conducted to verify this hypothesis. Moreover, a large number of studies have examined coactivation of muscles surrounding the knee joint whereas there are few reports on the elbow joint. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the antagonist activation of the elbow flexors and extensors during isokinetic concentric exercises and to investigate the influence of angular velocity on their activation. Twelve men participated in the study. The surface electromyographic signals (sEMG) were recorded from the biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles during three maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of elbow flexors and extensors and a set of three maximal elbow flexions and extensions each at 15 degrees, 30 degrees , 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, and 240 degrees.s(-1). Normalized root mean square (RMS) of sEMG was calculated during the isokinetic phase of movement as an index of sEMG amplitude. During elbow flexion, the antagonist activation of BB averaged 16.2% lower than TB, and this difference was statistically significant at all angular velocities. The normalized RMS values ranged from 26.0% +/- 19.0 at MVC to 37.8% +/- 13.9 at 240 degrees.s(-1) for antagonist TB activation, and from 5.7% +/- 5.2 at MVC to 18.9% +/- 8.6 at 240 degrees.s(-1) for antagonist BB activation. No influence of angular velocity on agonist and antagonist activity was found. Moreover, flexion and extension torques were both strongly affected by the amount of antagonist activation. The functional specialization of the two muscle groups could be responsible for the different levels of antagonist activation. The frequent use of BB, which is not assisted by gravity during daily activities, could lead to reduced coactivation due to a better functioning of the control system based upon reciprocal innervation. These findings may have significant implications in the design of rehabilitation programs directed to the elbow joint.     

Respiratory Failure Secondary to Diaphragmatic Paralysis from Acute Exacerbation of Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder that presents with proximal muscle weakness and typical DM skin changes. DM can involve other organs such as the lung, esophagus, and heart. Diaphragmatic muscle paralysis is an unrecognized clinical presentation of acute DM exacerbation. A 58-year-old man with a history of DM presented to the hospital after sustaining a cardiorespiratory arrest. Before arrest, he had been suffering from progressive dyspnea and muscle weakness. Immunosuppressive therapy of tacrolimus for DM was recently discontinued due to renal toxicity. Bedside ultrasound of the diaphragm while intubated revealed evidence of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. After extubation, supine and upright pulmonary function tests (PFT) and sniff test results strengthened the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis. The patient was worked up for an acute DM exacerbation as the likely etiology of the severe diaphragmatic muscle weakness (diaphragmatic paralysis) and ventilatory failure. Skin and muscle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of active DM. The patient was treated with high dose steroids and mycophenolate mofetil, following which he soon recovered.     

胎儿磁共振在先天性膈疝患儿预后评估中的应用研究CSCD

目的回顾性分析先天性膈疝患儿产前胎儿磁共振图像,探讨磁共振测量和评价参数与患儿预后的关系,初步探讨胎儿磁共振参数在先天性膈疝患儿预后评估中的应用价值。方法收集西安交通大学第二附属医院2011—2020年胎儿磁共振图像结果,收集诊断为先天性膈疝的50例胎儿磁共振图像,包括左侧膈疝37例,右侧膈疝13例,检测并分析观察-预期肺容积比、肺肝比、纵膈移位角、肺底基线的完整性、肝脏及胃泡位置等与患儿预后的关系。结果50例患儿中,存活35例(为存活组),死亡15例(为死亡组)。胎儿磁共振图像观察-预期肺容积比:存活组比死亡组为(35.09±10.87)比(24.29±6.86);肺肝比:存活组比死亡组为(2.68±1.01)比(1.93±0.93);纵膈移位角:存活组比死亡组为(30.88±7.07)比(39.05±4.21);差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。图像分析结果显示,胎儿磁共振肺底基线不完整、肝脏及胃泡位置疝入胸腔患儿的预后较差,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者操作特征曲线分析结果显示,联合应用观察-预期肺容积比、肺肝比、纵膈移位角、肺底基线的完整性、肝脏及胃泡位置等判断患儿预后,较单一参数判断更为准确,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胎儿磁共振观察-预期肺容积比、肺肝比、纵膈移位角、肺底基线完整性、肝脏及胃泡位置均可作为判断先天性膈疝患儿预后的评价指标,联合应用上述六项参数可以更加准确地判断患儿预后,以上述参数为基础构建先天性膈疝的评估体系,有助于先天性膈疝患儿的肺发育评估、体外膜肺氧合的应用判断以及手术方式的选择。     

Diaphragm ultrasound in the diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to select the best diaphragm ultrasonography (DUS) parameter as an alternative index for the diagnosis of lung function impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsTwenty-nine patients with ALS and 15 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. DUS, lung function tests, phrenic nerve conduction study and arterial blood gas analysis were performed.ResultsPatients with respiratory dysfunction had a significantly lower level of ΔTmax than those without (P = 0.039). Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were found between forced vital capacity (FVC) and Tdi-ins (r = 0.665, P < 0.0001) and ΔTmax (r = ?0.748, P < 0.0001) and Δins-exp (r = 0.627, P < 0.0001) and ΔTdi (r = 0.485, P < 0.0001). Receiver Operating Curves analysis demonstrated that ΔTmax (AUC = 0.76, P = 0.044) had a better overall accuracy for detection of respiratory dysfunction compared with Tdi-ins (AUC = 0.27, P = 0.067), Δins-exp (AUC = 0.312, P = 0.139), and ΔTdi (AUC = 0.38, P = 0.359).ConclusionΔTmax is the most valuable DUS index in the diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction.SignificanceDUS can provide functional and structural information of diaphragm and help to diagnose diaphragmatic dysfunction in ALS.     

A Simplified Formula Using Early Blood Gas Analysis Can Predict Survival Outcomes and the Requirements for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

The aims of this study were to investigate whether early arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) could define the severity of disease in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We conducted a retrospective study over a 21-yr period of infants diagnosed with CDH. Outcomes were defined as death before discharge, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation requirements (ECMO) or death. A total 114 infants were included in this study. We investigated whether simplified prediction formula [PO₂-PCO₂] values at 0, 4, 8, and 12 hr after birth were associated with mortality, and ECMO or death. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimum ABGA values for predicting outcomes. The value of [PO₂-PCO₂] at birth was the best predictor of mortality (AUC 0.803, P < 0.001) and at 4 hr after birth was the most reliable predictor of ECMO or death (AUC 0.777, P < 0.001). The value of [PO₂-PCO₂] from ABGA early period after birth can reliably predict outcomes in infants with CDH.     

Multi detector CT Imaging of Abdominal and Diaphragmatic Hernias: Pictorial Essay

Diagnosis of abdominal wall hernia is often a clinical problem, especially in occult or in obese patients. Multidetector CT is an accurate method of detecting various types of abdominal and diaphragmatic hernias. It clearly demonstrates the anatomical sites of hernial sac, its contents and possible complications.