A dose-response curve for the negative bias pressure of an intrathoracic pressure regulator during CPR

An intrathoracic pressure regulator (ITPR) is a device that can be added to the external end of a tracheal tube to create controlled negative airway pressure between positive pressure ventilations. The resulting downward bias of the airway pressure baseline promotes increased venous return and enhanced circulation during CPR and also during hypovolemic shock. In the present study, we exercised a mathematical model of the human cardiopulmonary system, including airways, lungs, a four chambered heart, great vessels, peripheral vascular beds, and the biomechanics of chest compression and recoil, to determine the relationship between systemic perfusion pressure during CPR and the value of baseline negative airway pressure in an ITPR. Perfusion pressure increases approximately 50% as baseline airway pressure falls from zero to -10 cm H2O. Thereafter perfusion pressure plateaus. Negative bias pressures exceeding -10 cm H2O are not needed in ITPR-CPR.     

不同外倾角的脊柱椎弓根螺钉内固定效果的生物力学评价

目的:研究脊柱椎弓根螺钉并横向牵引装置的把持力与外倾角的关系。方法:将18只成人腰椎干燥标本随机分为三组,每组6只,分别以5°、15°、30°的外倾角打入直径5.5mm的椎弓根螺钉,钉尾用横向牵引装置连接,测定把持力。结果:在5°～30°的范围内,随着外倾角的增加,椎弓根螺钉的把持力增加,但对椎体的应力也增加。结论:在应用经椎弓根螺钉内固定并加用横向牵引装置时,适当增加外倾角,可增大螺钉的把持力,提高固定强度,外倾角过大则易对椎体造成破坏。     

患者安全目标:加强医学装备安全与警报管理

阐述医疗器械使用安全与警报管理的意义和内涵，分析医疗器械使用安全与警报的风险点，探讨建立医疗器械使用安全与警报风险防范体系的方案，列举了医疗器械使用安全与警报管理的实践案例。     

Detección y manejo de implantación inadecuada de reservorio venoso central en arteria subclavia

We present a case of a female patient with ovarian cancer who had an inadvertent vascular access device implantation in the subclavian artery, being detected after 10 days. She was successfully treated with a covered stent without immediate complications.     

Hypoglossal nerve stimulator generator migration: INSPIRE device reimplantation with parallels to cardiac implantable electronic devices

Implantation rates of hypoglossal nerve stimulators, such as INSPIRE, are increasing. The device is still in its early stages of complication reporting, which to date includes implant related infection requiring device removal, and stimulation lead cuff dislodgement requiring replacement. Here we present a 48-year-old female who experienced generator migration and stimulator lead tension requiring an additional operation in order to resecure the generator device. This proved unsuccessful and a second surgery was performed with complete relocation of the device generator to inhibit device migration. This is the first documented case of INSPIRE migration to date, though the implant generator has comparable likeness to cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) where migration risk factors are better studied. Given our patient's case, we identify obesity and abundant breast tissue as potential risk factors for device migration. We believe such factors can be identified prior to initial device implantation to avoid migration and the need for surgical revision. Superior positioning of the generator proved successful, and can be a solution in those with similar body habitus as TYRX pouching and additional security sutures were ineffective. Also, for revisions requiring tunneling of the stimulation lead as in this case we recommend the use of zero degree endoscope for ease of adhesion lysis.     

Pressure ulcers in trauma patients with suspected spine injury: a prospective cohort study with emphasis on device‐related pressure ulcers

Of all patients in a hospital environment, trauma patients may be particularly at risk for developing (device‐related) pressure ulcers (PUs), because of their traumatic injuries, immobility, and exposure to immobilizing and medical devices. Studies on device‐related PUs are scarce. With this study, the incidence and characteristics of PUs and the proportion of PUs that are related to devices in adult trauma patients with suspected spinal injury were described. From January–December 2013, 254 trauma patients were visited every 2 days for skin assessment. The overall incidence of PUs was 28·3% (n = 72/254 patients). The incidence of device‐related PUs was 20·1% (n = 51), and 13% (n = 33) developed solely device‐related PUs. We observed 145 PUs in total of which 60·7% were related to devices (88/145). Device‐related PUs were detected 16 different locations on the front and back of the body. These results show that the incidence of PUs and the proportion of device‐related PUs is very high in trauma patients.     

Advances in cardiac pacing and defibrillation

Introduction: There have been many evolutionary milestones in cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy over the past few decades. These advancements have created new challenges. Right ventricular pacing was the original (late 1950s) breakthrough, however the risk of pacing induced dyssynchrony has become evident. Biventricular pacing provided a viable way to mitigate dyssynchrony, but only benefits certain patients (primarily left bundle branch block and QRS duration ≥150 ms with depressed left ventricular (LV) function).

Areas covered: Recent advances have made His Bundle pacing an option that may provide physiological pacing for a wider patient population. Traditional CIED systems utilize transvenous endocardial leads. Unfortunately, leads have been CIEDs’ weakest link. Lead-related vascular occlusion, infection and malfunction have spurred the need for percutaneous lead extraction, and development of subcutaneous ICDs and leadless pacing. These options are important for individuals with limited vascular access and those at risk for blood borne infection. Subcutaneous ICDs have been proposed as optimal for younger patients. This recommendation is controversial.

Expert commentary: We review recent advances including His bundle pacing, percutaneous lead extraction, leadless pacing and subcutaneous ICDs as well as their potential use in combination. Additional technological evolution promises to make the future of CIEDs exciting.