足细胞损伤标志Desmin蛋白在甲状腺功能减退症模型大鼠肾脏中的表达及与甲状腺功能的关系

目的 观察甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)大鼠肾脏损伤时足细胞损伤标志Desmin蛋白在肾组织中的表达,探讨甲减肾脏损伤的发生机制以及与甲状腺功能的关系.方法 用丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)连续灌胃制作甲减大鼠模型.分别动态观察对照组、甲减组和干预组[给予左甲状腺素钠(L-T4)和停止给予PTU进行干预治疗]大鼠的肾脏病理改变及损伤情况,并同时应用免疫组化技术检测Desmin在肾组织中的表达情况.结果 甲减大鼠出现肾脏损伤,并且随着病程进展逐渐加重,并与甲状腺功能密切相关.干预组肾组织损伤均较甲减组减轻.结论 甲减时肾脏损伤与足细胞相关,甲状腺激素参与足细胞损伤.     

绝经后女性盆底功能障碍患者肛提肌中抗肌营养不良蛋白和结蛋白表达及意义

目的探讨抗肌营养不良蛋白和结蛋白mRNA的表达与绝经后女性盆底功能障碍(PFD)的关系。方法选择30例压力性尿失禁患者(SUI组)、30例盆底组织膨出患者(POP组)及6例无SUI和POP的直肠癌患者(对照组),术中行肛提肌活组织检查(活检),应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)的方法检测肛提肌中抗肌营养不良蛋白和结蛋白的表达。结果 POP组和SUI组肛提肌中肌营养不良蛋白和结蛋白mRNA表达较对照组均降低(P<0.01)。POP组和SUI组比较,肛提肌中抗肌营养不良蛋白和结蛋白mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论绝经后女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生与女性肛提肌中抗肌营养不良蛋白及结蛋白的表达降低有关。     

强肌健力口服液含药血清对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成肌分化的影响

目的观察强肌健力口服液含药血清对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)成肌分化的影响。方法用密度梯度离心法分离大鼠MSCs,5-溴脱氧嘧啶(Brdu)和CD44双重免疫组化鉴定,传3代后的MSCs分为强肌健力口服液含药血清组和空白对照组,免疫组化染色鉴定肌凝蛋白(Myosin)、结蛋白(Desmin)的表达。结果诱导后第3d,部分细胞出现Desmin和Myosin。结论强肌健力口服液含药血清诱导MSCs向成肌细胞定向分化。     

贝那普利对阿霉素肾病大鼠肾脏保护作用的研究

目的：观察贝那普利对阿霉素肾病大鼠形态学和肾皮质结蛋白表达改变的影响,探讨其对足细胞损伤的保护作用。方法：SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、阿霉素肾病组和贝那普利治疗组。分别于给药4、7周后留取标本,检测24h蛋白尿、血肌酐,肾组织行形态学检查,应用免疫组化法检测肾皮质中结蛋白表达。结果：肾病组大鼠尿蛋白排泄明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,且有明显的肾小球足细胞损伤的病理学改变。肾皮质结蛋白表达增加（P〈0．05）。贝那普利治疗后肾脏病理明显减轻,结蛋白表达降低（P〈0．05）。结论：在阿霉素肾病中,贝那普利可改善肾小球足细胞的损伤程度,降低结蛋白表达,对肾小球起保护作用。     

Utility of desmin and a Masson's trichrome method to detect early acute myocardial infarction in autopsy tissues

Detection of early acute myocardial ischemia/infarction prior to neutrophilic infiltration in autopsy myocardium poses a diagnostic dilemma to the surgical pathologist. Morphological changes can be subtle or not identified at all on the hematoxylin and eosin stain. To evaluate the Masson''s trichrome stain and immunohistochemical stains, desmin and myoglobin, in detecting acute myocardial ischemia/infarction in autopsy myocardium. We reviewed the autopsy files of the New York Harbor Healthcare System and retrieved 25 cases of early acute myocardial infarction. Three autopsy hearts of non-cardiac related deaths were used as controls. Sections from grossly suspected early acute myocardial infaction areas were stained by a Masson''s trichrome stain technique and with desmin by a standard immnunohistochemical method. The ischemic zone surrounding myocardial infarction and the acute infarct itself in 23/25(92%) were detected by desmin depletion, and in all cases with Masson''s trichrome color changes. No change in staining for desmin or Masson''s trichrome were seen in the three controls. Desmin and Masson''s trichrome together are valuable tools when faced with the problem of postmortem detection of early myocardial infarction/ischemia.     

糖尿病大鼠肾脏RAGE的表达与足细胞损伤的相关性研究

目的：探讨大鼠肾组织中糖基化终产物受体的表达和肾小球足细胞的相关性及其在糖尿病肾病中的临床意义。方法：用免疫组化方法检测链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发糖尿病及正常对照Wistar大鼠肾脏中糖基化终产物受体、结蛋白的表达，采用图像分析软件定量计数肾小球足细胞数。对大鼠肾小球糖基化终产物受体的表达与肾小球足细胞进行相关分析。 结果：与对照组相比，糖尿病组大鼠肾小球糖基化终产物受体、结蛋白表达明显增加（P<0.01），肾小球足细胞明显减少（P<0.01）；大鼠肾小球糖基化终产物受体的表达与肾小球足细胞呈负相关(r=-0.736，P<0.01)。结论：RAGE介导的细胞信号途径可能参与了糖尿病时足细胞病变的发生。     

伊贝沙坦和培垛普利对左心室肥大时心肌连接蛋白43、结蛋白与肌钙蛋白T表达的实验研究

目的：探讨左室肥大时血管紧张素Ⅱ受体Ⅰ型拮抗剂伊贝沙坦和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂培垛普利对心肌连接蛋白43（CX43）、结蛋白与肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）表达的影响。 方法： 分假手术组、SD大鼠腹主动脉部分结扎的手术组及腹主动脉部分结扎的处理组即伊贝沙坦组（20 mg·kg-1·d-1 ig）、培垛普利组（2 mg·kg-1·d-1 ig）、两药联用组（伊贝沙坦组20 mg·kg-1·d-1 ig+培垛普利组2 mg·kg-1·d-1 ig），术后次周起干预8周，观察左室重量指数（LVMI）和心肌细胞横径（TDM），免疫组织化学检测心肌CX43、结蛋白与cTnT 表达。 结果： 培垛普利组、伊贝沙坦组和联合用药组LVMI和TDM均显著低于手术组（P<0.05），手术组心肌细胞闰盘区域和侧侧连接的胞膜上均有不规则CX43表达；伊贝沙坦组、培垛普利和其联用组的CX43表达分布较有规律，主要以带状表达于闰盘；手术组心肌CX43、结蛋白、cTnT表达量明显少于伊贝沙坦组、培垛普利组和其联用组（P<0.05）。 结论： 左室肥大时伊贝沙坦和培垛普利有利于心肌CX43、结蛋白与cTnT的表达与分布，能减轻左室心肌肥大，减少心肌细胞损伤，促进心肌细胞骨架结构与缝隙连接的基本正常恢复。     

Cytoskeletal characteristics of myofibroblasts in benign neoplastic and reactive fibroblastic lesions

Summary The characteristics of the cytoskeleton of myofibroblasts were examined immunohistochemically in 10 extra-abdominal desmoid tumours, 3 palmar and 2 plantar fibromatoses and 5 nodular fasciites; in the cultured cells of one desmoid tumour, and also ultrastructurally in 3 desmoid tumours. Polyclonal anti-desmin antibody reacted with the cells in 7 extra-abdominal desmoid tumours, 1 palmar fibromatosis, 1 plantar fibromatosis and 3 nodular fasciites. Monoclonal antidesmin antibody reacted with cells in only 2 desmoid tumours. Desmin-positive spindle cells were scattered throughout these lesions. There were no marked ultrastructural differences between desmin-positive and desmin-negative desmoids. All specimens except one specimen of nodular fasciitis showed immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Muscle actin-positive cells were observed in all specimens. Cultured cells gave positive reactions with polyclonal desmin antibody as well as to vimentin antibodies and two preparations of actin antibodies, whereas the original tumour did not react with desmin antibody. The present studies suggested that the cytoskeleton of some myofibroblasts in both neoplastic and reactive lesions resembles that of smooth muscle cells.     

Alpha-smooth muscle actin and other stromal markers in endometrial mucosa

Stromal-epithelial interactions as expressed by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SM actin) collagen type IV, fibronectin, laminin and tenascin were studied in normal and pathological endometrial mucosa. There was complete or incomplete cuffing of scattered endometrial glands by alpha-SM actin mostly in the basal layer of endometrial mucosa and in dilated or cystic glands. Individual adenocarcinomatous glands were not encircled by alpha-SM actin-positive cells. Collagen type IV and laminin were found surrounding all glands irrespective of the presence of periglandular alpha-SM actin. Fibronectin was diffusely present in the stroma. Tenascin was identified, albeit not exclusively, in a periglandular location similar to that of alpha-SM actin. We conclude that the periglandular cells staining for alpha-SM actin, which were negative for cytokeratins, are probably myofibroblasts (MFs). Since this phenomenon was most commonly observed in dilated and cystic glands, we suggest that stromal cells immediately surrounding these glands may be subjected to mechanical or other stress resulting, as in other situations of tissue remodelling, in the development of MFs. This may also explain the appearance of tenascin in the same location. Thus, our finding may represent a further example of the local modulation of stromal cell phenotype, possibly under the action of micro-environmental factors.B. Czernobilsky was on sabbatical leave from the Department of Pathology, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel     

Alveolar soft part sarcoma

Summary The many different theories on the histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) have caused great confusion. Owing to the recent rapid advance in immunohistochemical studies, two major hypotheses have been proposed. One group of researchers supports the idea that ASPS shows myogenic differentiation, while the other group opposes the idea. This confrontation is essentially one between a group that believes in the immunohistochemically demonstrated presence of desmin in ASPS and a group that denies it. In the present study we detected desmin in 6 of 10 formalin-fixed paraffin sections (although there were differences due to the use of five commercially available types of anti-desmin antibodies). When acetone-fixed paraffin sections and periodate-lysin-paraformaldehyde (PLP)-fixed frozen sections were used in one and three cases, respectively, they were found to be desmin positive, regardless of the type of antibody. The consistent positivity for all anti-desmin antibodies in the cases treated with acetone or PLP is very suggestive of a myogenous origin of ASPS. It is important to take into consideration the fact that formalin-fixed paraffin sections are not very suitable for immunohistochemical study of desmin.