成都市普通女性化妆品消费者的皮肤基础状况调查

目的 调查分析成都市普通女性消费者(使用市场价25元以下的面霜者)的皮肤基础状况.方法 选择长期使用中低端化妆品的25～45岁成都女性,将其分为4个年龄组,非干预性测试不同年龄组的皮肤水分含量、透皮水分丢失率、肤色、粗糙程度、皱纹、pH值等；同时,由皮肤科医师对皱纹、弹性和整体肤色等特征指标评分,最后通过问卷调查了解该阶层女性普遍关心的皮肤问题和心目中理想肌肤的诉求.结果 不同的年龄组之间在皮肤的颜色、纹理和弹性方面存在较大差异.根据问卷结果,困扰成都女性的皮肤问题主要是干燥、肤色和皱纹等；对于理想皮肤的期望根据比例由高到低分别是,保湿度高、光泽和皮肤白皙.结论 女性皮肤在相同的生活环境和类似的护肤习惯条件下,不同的年龄组之间在皮肤的颜色、纹理和弹性方面存在较大差异.从35岁开始,皮肤新陈代谢减慢,自身的修复能力也在逐步减弱,具体表现在皮肤颜色、弹性和粗糙程度等方面.     

急危重症一氧化碳中毒患者早期呼吸机替代高压氧治疗临床观察

目的 探讨呼吸机在抢救高压氧治疗禁忌的急危重症CO中毒患者中的价值.方法 选取1990年11月~2000年11月份收住我院的急危重症CO中毒患者45例作为对照组,给予常规导管/面罩吸氧氧疗.选取2002年11月~2011年11月份收住我院的急危重症CO中毒患者43例作为观察组,给予气管插管,建立人工气道,予以呼吸机治疗（BILEVEL模式）.两组患者均给予了防治脑水肿、促进脑细胞功能恢复、防治并发症、维持内环境稳定等综合治疗.结果 观察组平均神志恢复时间短于对照组;并发症少于对照组;平均住院时间短于对照组;迟发性脑病少于对照组;死亡率低于对照组.结论 存在高压氧治疗禁忌证的CO中毒的急危重症患者,在早期使用呼吸机治疗可明显减轻病情,缩短住院时间,改善预后.     

宝鸡市四级公共卫生人力资源现状分析

目的了解宝鸡市公共卫生人力资源现状,为建立结构合理的公共卫生专业队伍提供依据。方法对宝鸡市市、县（区）、乡、村公共卫生人员进行统一问卷调查。结果宝鸡市公共卫生人员配置不足,学历、职称普遍较低,且分布不均衡,非专业人员比例偏大,总体专业素质偏低。结论建立在职人员培训机制,加强公共卫生专业人才的培养,合理调整公共卫生专业队伍结构,促进宝鸡市公共卫生事业整体发展。     

影响镰刀菌生长与产毒的基本因素的研究

通过对镰刀菌生长、产毒条件的观察，发现镰刀菌生长、产毒与环境条件关系密切：适宜温度（２０℃～３０℃）、湿度（４０％）条件下，真菌生长旺盛，孢子数量多；碱性（ｐＨ＞７．０）条件则明显抑制其生长，孢子数量也减少；无机元素对生长无影响；低温尤其是变温条件下，镰刀菌易产生Ｔ－２毒素；碱性条件可明显抑制真菌产毒；温度、湿度和ｐＨ之间存在明显的交互作用     

A preliminary study on ras protein expression in human esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions

INTRODUCTION The esophageal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor in Linzhou City (Linxian) of Henan Province in northern China. Although the etiology and natural history of esophageal carcinoma are not clear, a substantial amount of evidence has been provided to suggest that the development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is a multistage progressive process[1-4] An early indicator of abnormality in persons predisposed to esophageal SCC is an increased proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells,morphologically manifested as basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), and dysplasia (DYS), and carcinoma in situ, which could be considered precancerous lesions of esophageal SCC[1-4].     

临终患者病情评估表用于晚期恶性肿瘤患者生存时间预测的评价

目的探讨临终患者病情评估表预测晚期恶性肿瘤患者生存时间与实际生存时间的符合程度。方法将临终患者病情评估表应用于228例晚期恶性肿瘤住院患者,由专职护士于入院当日、入院1周及1个月进行生存时间评估。结果入院当日患者预期生存时间评估理想与大致符合率为80.70%,1周为86.90%,1个月为91.84%;患者入院评分与实际生存时间相关指数y=e0.0617x。结论临终患者病情评估表应用于晚期肿瘤患者,能有效地评估患者的预期生存时间,有利于临终关怀介入时机的把握。     

Ethnic differences in burn mechanism and severity in a UK paediatric population

Background

Burns in children are a major public health problem with long-lasting physical and psychological sequelae. Previous studies have identified that children from ethnic minorities have higher rates of burns.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to analyse the differences in paediatric burn mechanism and severity within different ethnic groups.

Methods

Demographic and burn data from all paediatric patients presenting with burn at the Burns Service, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK were collected over a 5 year period.

Results

766 paediatric patients (age range: 7 days to 16 years old, mean: 4.5 years) were included in the study. Ethnic minority children had higher total body surface area of burn (p < 0.001) and length of stay (p < 0.001) compared with non-ethnic minority children. Chinese children had most burns from hot food (60%), whereas non-ethnic minority children had most burns from hot beverages (35.8%). Ethnic minority children were more deprived compared with non-ethnic minority children (Index of Multiple Deprivation 48.7 vs. 40.9; p = 0.02).

Conclusion

These results show that there are significant differences in the patterns of burns in ethnic minority groups. This data should guide targeted public health prevention and educational strategies.     

Development and validation of the Psychological Adaptation Scale (PAS): Use in six studies of adaptation to a health condition or risk

Objective

We introduce The Psychological Adaptation Scale (PAS) for assessing adaptation to a chronic condition or risk and present validity data from six studies of genetic conditions.

Methods

Informed by theory, we identified four domains of adaptation: effective coping, self-esteem, social integration, and spiritual/existential meaning. Items were selected from the PROMIS “positive illness impact” item bank and adapted from the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to create a 20-item scale. Each domain included five items, with four sub-scale scores. Data from studies of six populations: adults affected with or at risk for genetic conditions (N = 3) and caregivers of children with genetic conditions (N = 3) were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA).

Results

CFA suggested that all but five posited items converge on the domains as designed. Invariance of the PAS amongst the studies further suggested it is a valid and reliable tool to facilitate comparisons of adaptation across conditions.

Conclusion

Use of the PAS will standardize assessments of adaptation and foster understanding of the relationships among related health outcomes, such as quality of life and psychological well-being.

Practice implications

Clinical interventions can be designed based on PAS data to enhance dimensions of psychological adaptation to a chronic health condition or risk.