Salvage photodynamic therapy accompanied by extended lymphadenectomy for advanced esophageal carcinoma: A case report

IntroductionSalvage surgery for locoregional failures after definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for esophageal cancer is widely practiced, but treatment options complementing it are also needed due to the high morbidity and mortality and low rate of curative resection.Presentation of caseA 58-year-old man with a surgical history of right upper lobectomy for lung cancer was diagnosed as having esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Computed tomography revealed swelling of the lesser curvature lymph node, and it had invaded the stomach, the body and tail of the pancreas and the left gastric artery, splenic artery and celiac artery. The patient underwent definitive-dose radiation with chemotherapy. Complete response was attained for the primary tumor, but the metastatic lymph node infiltrating the stomach, pancreas and major vessels remained. Therefore, the Appleby operation was proposed to the patient and subsequently performed aiming at curability. However, the primary tumor recurred 38 months after surgery, so the novel modality of photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium and a diode laser was performed, and a complete response was attained for this lesion. The patient is alive at 50 months after the salvage Appleby operation.Discussion and conclusionSalvage lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer may be insufficient as a curative treatment because of regrowth of the primary lesion. However, photodynamic therapy may be applicable as a curative treatment option for recurrence of the primary lesion after salvage lymphadenectomy.     

江苏金湖县肝吸虫病流行病学调查

目的了解淮安市肝吸虫感染和发病状况,为对全市肝吸虫病防治提供科学依据。方法选择金湖县两个村为调查点,于2010年8月10～17日开展现场调查和实验检测工作。采用粪便检查法调查当地居民、保虫宿主猫和狗等肝吸虫感染情况,中间宿主淡水鱼采用压片镜检法查肝吸虫囊蚴。结果共进行人群粪检782人,肝吸虫感染1例,感染率0.13%;检测淡水鱼共3种138条未检出肝吸虫囊蚴,但查出其它动物性吸虫囊蚴鱼15条;保虫宿主检测猫、狗粪便9份,均未发现肝吸虫卵。结论金湖县存在肝吸虫感染,呈散在发生,保虫宿主检测未发现肝吸虫卵,淡水鱼未检出肝吸虫囊蚴。     

Ectopic expression of GATA6 bypasses requirement for Grb2 in primitive endoderm formation

Gene knockouts in mice have showed that Grb2 and GATA6 are essential for the formation of primitive endoderm in blastocysts. Here, we confirmed that implanted Grb2‐null blastocysts lack primitive or extraembryonic endoderm cells either at E4.5 or E5.5 stages. We analyzed the relationship between Grb2 and GATA6 in the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells to primitive endoderm in embryoid body models. Upon transfection with GATA6 expression vector, Grb2‐null ES cells underwent endoderm differentiation as indicated by the expression of the extraembryonic endoderm markers Dab2 and GATA4. Transfection of GATA4 expression vector also had the same differentiation potency. When GATA6‐ or GATA4‐transfected Grb2‐null ES cells were allowed to aggregate, fragments of an endoderm layer formed on the surface of the spheroids. The results suggest that GATA6 is downstream of Grb2 in the inductive signaling pathway and the expression of GATA6 is sufficient to compensate for the defects caused by Grb2 deficiency in the development of the primitive and extraembryonic endoderm. Developmental Dynamics 240:566–576, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

小鼠胚胎呼吸内胚层形态发生与咽前间充质发育及流出道分隔的关系

目的 探讨呼吸内胚层与咽前间充质细胞发育的关系及对小鼠胚胎心流出道分隔的影响。方法 45只胚龄8~13d小鼠胚胎心连续石蜡切片,用抗胰岛因子1（ISL-1）、抗α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、抗音猬因子（音速波状蛋白, Shh）、抗patched（Ptc1）、抗patched 2（Ptc2）、抗smoothened（Smo）及抗心肌肌球蛋白重链（MHC）抗体进行免疫组织化学及免疫荧光染色。 结果 胚龄8～9d,ISL-1阳性细胞分布在心包腔背侧壁及前肠两侧间充质,并延伸至原始心管动脉端,心管心肌显较强的Ptc1和Ptc2阳性表达。胚龄10~13d,呼吸内胚层向腹侧延伸,Ptc1和Ptc2呈较强表达,ISL-1阳性咽前间充质细胞围绕呼吸内胚层形成对称的特征性锥体形结构,经动脉囊背侧壁伸入动脉囊腔,形成主肺动脉隔。胚龄12d,主肺动脉隔ISL-1阳性表达基本消失,大部分细胞转变为α-SMA阳性细胞。 结论 呼吸内胚层的分化发育与咽前ISL-1阳性间充质细胞的发育聚集密切耦联。发育中的呼吸内胚层可能作为组织中心,通过Shh信号通路对ISL-1阳性细胞的聚集提供位置信息。呼吸内胚层的正常腹侧延伸不但可诱导ISL 1阳性细胞的正常迁移和流出道的正常分隔,对流出道的正常形态发生及有效的肺循环建立起重要作用。     

Chicken dapper genes are versatile markers for mesodermal tissues,embryonic muscle stem cells,neural crest cells,and neurogenic placodes

Dapper (Dpr) proteins are context‐dependent regulators of Wnt and Tgfβ signaling. However, although inroads into their molecular properties have been made, their expression and biological function are not understood. Searching for avian Dpr genes, we found that the chicken harbors a Dpr1 and a Dpr2 paralogue only. The genes are expressed in distinct patterns at gastrulation, neurulation, and organogenesis stages of development with key expression domains being the posterior primitive streak, anterior node and notochord, presomitic mesoderm (segmental plate), lateral and cardiac mesoderm, limb mesenchyme, and neurogenic placodes for Dpr1, and anterior primitive streak, node, epithelial somites, embryonic muscle stem cells, oral ectoderm and endoderm, neural crest cells, limb ectoderm, and lung buds for Dpr2. Expression overlaps in a few tissues; however, in several tissues, expression is complementary. Developmental Dynamics 238:1166–1178, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

激活Nodal信号通路促进小鼠胚胎干细胞向定型内胚层分化

目的:探讨激活Nodal信号通路在小鼠胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESC)向定型内胚层(definitive endoderm,DE)分化中的作用,寻找小鼠ESC向DE分化的最佳培养体系。方法:根据培养基的不同,实验分为3组:胚胎干细胞组(基础培养+LIF)、自然分化组(基础培养基)和activin A组(基础培养基+50μg/L activin A)。细胞培养1~7 d,收集不同作用时点(1、3、5、7 d)的细胞及细胞爬片。用流式细胞术检测CXCR4阳性细胞的比例;免疫细胞化学法检测CXCR4蛋白的表达;Western blot检测OCT4及CXCR4蛋白的表达。结果:流式细胞术检测结果提示,随着培养时间的延长,CXCR4阳性细胞的比例,胚胎干细胞组在1~7 d无明显变化,自然分化组和activin A组逐渐增高,第5天达高峰(P0.05),其中activin A组最高(P0.05)。细胞免疫组化结果显示CXCR4阳性细胞呈棕褐色或棕黄色。Western blot的结果提示,随着培养时间的延长,胚胎干细胞组OCT4和CXCR4蛋白表达无明显变化;自然分化组和activin A组的CXCR4蛋白的表达逐步增高,OCT4蛋白的表达逐步下降,第5天达高峰(P0.05),其中activin A组的表达最明显(P0.05)。结论:在小鼠ESC分化过程中,在诱导培养的第5天,DE的比例最高。激活Nodal信号通路可以促进小鼠ESC向具有CXCR4分子标志的DE分化,有利于获取更多的DE细胞。     

两种致病人体棘球绦虫动物宿主感染及影响因素研究进展

棘球蚴病是由棘球绦虫幼虫感染所致的一种危害严重的人兽共患寄生虫病。棘球绦虫生活史可涉及多种动物宿主,如有蹄类动物、啮齿类动物等中间宿主和食肉类动物终末宿主。自然界动物宿主间细粒棘球绦虫及多房棘球绦虫生活史循环与人体棘球蚴病传播密切相关。本文综述了近年来国内外有关细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫主要动物宿主分布及感染的影响因素研究进展,旨在为开展棘球蚴病精准防治提供参考。