肿瘤细胞中的表观遗传编码紊乱

不改变基因的DNA编码,通过改变DNA双链与组蛋白间紧密度来决定基因是否转录表达,这称为表观遗传编码机制。表观遗传编码的生理作用是通过组蛋白修饰和DNA甲基化,调控细胞在适当的时间、空间位置表达适当的基因,从而控制细胞的增殖状况和分化方向。在细胞发育过程中,细胞内DNA甲基化水平增龄性增高,基因转录活性逐渐降低,使细胞从幼稚增殖进入成熟分化。肿瘤细胞中出现表观遗传编码紊乱,致细胞增殖失控,不能进入分化成熟阶段。基因启动子出现甲基化重排,阻碍转录因子与启动子结合,导致基因转录丧失正常调控,合成成熟功能蛋白受阻。利用表观遗传机制(如,RNA干涉)可成为肿瘤治疗的新方法。     

CpG ODN序列结构特征对免疫活性影响的研究进展

CpG ODN(CpG oligonucleotide,CpG 寡脱氧核苷酸)是人工合成的含有非甲基化的胞嘧啶鸟嘌呤二核苷酸(CpG)的寡脱氧核苷酸(ODN),可模拟细菌DNA刺激多种哺乳动物包括人的免疫细胞.     

免疫调节性寡聚脱氧核苷酸筛选方法的建立、优化和应用

目的:建立一套合理而便捷的实验体系,为开发新型免疫调节性寡聚脱氧核苷酸(ODN)提供筛选方法。方法:利用含有CpG基序的免疫刺激性寡聚脱氧核苷酸(CpG ODN)作为刺激物,将人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)作为研究对象,分别以细胞的增殖程度和刺激上清的抗病毒活性作为检测指标,优化各项实验条件,综合评定寡聚脱氧核苷酸的免疫调节活性。结果:成功建立了由阳性免疫调节性ODNA151抑制CpG ODN诱导的人PBMC增殖及抗病毒活性的筛选方法。结论:免疫调节性ODN筛选方法的成功建立,为下一步研究开发新型免疫调节性ODN奠定了基础。     

Anti-HBV effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B

Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs (CpG ODN) are known as a potent Th1-like immune enhancer in vertebrates. Chronic hepatitis B is the immunocompromising condition. We therefore investigated the effects of CpG ODN on cultured cells from chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy controls. The inhibitory effects of CpG ODN on hepatitis B virus (HBV) were also studied. The secretion of IFN-alpha by CpG ODN-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy controls was significantly increased when compared with PBMCs alone or GpC ODN-stimulated PBMCs. After activation with CpG ODN, the IFN-alpha secretion by chronically HBV-infected patient PBMCs is less than that by healthy control PBMCs. Treatment of HepG2 2.2.15 cells with culture supernatants of PBMCs activated by CpG ODN can significantly suppress the secretion of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA as compared with that of PBMCs without CpG ODN activation under the same conditions. No inhibitory effect on the replication of HBV was found for CpG ODN treatment alone. Our results indicated that CpG ODN could efficiently enhance the immune response of chronic hepatitis B patients. Moreover, the CpG ODN-activated PBMCs from chronic hepatitis B patients were able to significantly inhibit HBV replication in vitro, suggesting that CpG ODN may be a potential immunoregulator against HBV infection in the future.     

带蒂股后皮神经营养血管皮瓣的解剖与临床应用

目的：报道股后皮神经营养血管带蒂皮瓣的解剖特点与临床应用疗效。方法：在10侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶成人新鲜下肢标本上，解剖观测股后皮神经血供及其筋膜皮支的分布范围，设计股后皮神经营养血管岛状皮瓣转移修复腘窝、髋关节周围软组织缺损6例。结果：股后皮神经营养血管主要来源臀下动脉、穿动脉和腘动脉后侧穿支的升皮支，并在股后区形成网状吻合营养股后侧皮肤。皮瓣5例全部成活，1例皮瓣远端少量坏死，换药后愈合。经12～44个月随访，皮瓣无破溃，膝、髋关节功能活动良好。结论：股后皮神经营养血管岛状皮瓣转位是一种修复腘窝、髋关节周围软组织缺损良好的方法。     

HPI毒力岛缺失的EAggEC17-2突变菌株的构建及其功能研究

目的 构建HPI毒力岛缺失的EAggEC17-2突变株，初步研究EAggEC菌株携带的耶尔森菌HPI毒力岛合成铁载体Ybt的功能。方法以EAggEC17-2为出发菌株，irp8基因部分序列作为同源重组的一侧序列，irp5基因序列作为同源重组的另一侧序列，中间插入有氯霉素（Can）抗性基因（cat基因）标记。通过接合转移和同源重组，构建了缺失约24kb的HPI毒力岛功能核心区区域EAggEC17-2的仝岛缺失株EA85。应用流式细胞技术（FACS）检测指示菌株WA-CS irp1：：KN（pC3G3．3N）荧光强度的变化情况，对EA85缺失株和出发菌株进行了合成Ybt的功能比较研究。结果成功构建了EAggEC17-2HPI全岛缺失株EA85。EAggEC17-2菌株具有表达Ybt的功能，而缺失株EA85丧失了合成Ybt的能力。结论EAggEC17-2HPI毒力岛的缺失，使Ybt的合成彻底阻断。EAggEC17-2具有的合成Ybt的功能是由其染色体携带的HPI毒力岛所决定的。     

Systemic Administration of Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Mediates Reversible Inhibition of Th2 Responses in a Mouse Model of Asthma

This study investigated whether immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS) induce a transient or sustained inhibition of Th2 responses to inhaled antigen. We sensitized mice with subcutaneous injections to develop a Th2 response to ovalbumin (ova) and then administered a dose of ISS prior to ova inhalation challenge. Mice were then rechallenged with ova by inhalation a second time at varying time points after the first ova inhalation (1 to 8 weeks later) to determine whether the ISS dose administered prior to the first ova inhalation protected against a subsequent second ova inhalation challenge. A single dose of ISS inhibited the Th2 response to the first inhalation of ova antigen, as well as 4 weeks later to the second inhalation of ova. However, ISS did not inhibit a Th2 response to the second inhalation of ova 8 weeks later. The reversible inhibition of Th2 responses at 8 weeks suggests the need for repeated ISS administration at monthly intervals.