Stressful life events, psychological appraisal and coping style in postmenopausal women

Objectives

The study aim was to investigate what life events postmenopausal women attending a menopause clinic, report as stressful and how psychological appraisal of these events, menopausal symptoms and general stress mediate coping style.

Methods

An observational design was used to recruit 179 postmenopausal women attending a menopause clinic for the first time. Data was collected using self-report questionnaires assessing socio-demographic information, menopausal symptoms, perceived stress, named stressful event, psychological appraisal and coping styles employed.

Results

All of the women were postmenopausal, with a mean age of 50.74 years (SD = 4.75). Stressful events were categorised into family problems, menopause symptoms, work problems, daily hassles and other health problems. The most commonly reported coping styles were in order, catharsis (68%), direct action (66%), and seeking social support (63%). Logistic regression was used to determine what predicts coping style. Socio-demographic variables, menopausal symptoms and general stress levels were not predictive of coping styles in this study. Specific aspects of psychological appraisal were predictive of distraction, direct action, catharsis and seeking social support.

Conclusions

Coping styles most commonly implemented were also the ones predicted by psychological appraisal of the stressful event in this study and tend to be used more so by older women. This information could be used to develop more appropriate interventions for postmenopausal women.     

小学女教师的压力、应对方式与职业倦怠的关系

目的了解小学女教师的压力、职业倦怠的现状及压力、应对方式与职业倦怠三者之间关系。方法采用教师职业倦怠量表（MBI）、自测压力量表和简易应对方式问卷对181名小学教师进行测试。结果小学女教师的压力较大、职业倦怠现象并不严重;小学女教师的压力、应对方式与职业倦怠存在显著相关（P〈0．05）;回归分析结果说明,小学女教师的压力对职业倦怠有预测作用（β=0．50、0．55、0．15,P〈0．01）;小学女教师的应对方式是压力与职业倦怠的中介变量。结论减轻压力、采用积极的应对方式可减少小学女教师的职业倦怠现象。     

已婚成人社会支持、应对方式与婚姻满意度的关系

目的探讨社会支持、应对方式与已婚成人婚姻满意度的关系。方法抽取天津市241名已婚人士,其中男性118人,女性123人。每位受试者接受婚姻满意度量表、社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷的测查。结果①婚姻满意度与客观支持呈显著正相关,婚姻满意度的社会层面与支持的利用度呈显著正相关;②婚姻满意度与积极应对呈显著的正相关。与消极应对呈显著的负相关;③客观支持、积极应对方式及消极应对方式可以预测婚姻满意度。结论应对方式是影响婚姻满意度的重要因素。     

What to listen for in the consultation. Breast cancer patients’ own focus on talking about acceptance-based psychological coping predicts decreased psychological distress and depression

Objective

To analyze whether qualitative themes in breast cancer patients’ self-presentations predicted symptoms of psychological distress and depression in order to improve the consultation process.

Methods

Ninety-seven breast cancer patients gave unstructured, 10-min self-presentations at their first consultation in a clinical registered trial (CRT identifier: NCT00990977). Self-presentations were categorized thematically and the most prevalent themes investigated as predictors for scores on the symptom check-list 90-revised (SCL-90-R) and the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D).

Results

Among the qualitative themes, only the percentage of words spent on talking about ‘Acceptance-based psychological coping’ was related to symptoms. In regression models controlling for age, education and time since diagnosis, a stronger focus on acceptance-based coping predicted less psychological distress and depression, respectively. A cross-validation including only the first few minutes of speech per patient confirmed these results and supported their practical utility in health consultations.

Conclusion

Patients’ focus on acceptance-based coping significantly predicted decreased psychological distress and depression, respectively. No other qualitative themes predicted symptoms. Doctor–patient studies may benefit from combined qualitative–quantitative methods.

Practice implications

While quantitative symptom assessment is important for a consultation, health care providers may improve their understanding of patients by attending to patients’ presentations of acceptance-based psychological coping.     

某装甲部队职业性下腰痛官兵心理状态的分析

目的探讨在现代军事训练及作业条件下,患有职业性下腰痛官兵的心理健康状态。方法选取某部官兵正常组150人,下腰痛组120人,采用自编被试官兵基本情况调查表,症状自评量表,应对方式问卷,社会支持评定量表进行测试,并进行统计学t检验和方差分析。结果下腰痛组症状自评量表中躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感及焦虑与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(t=2.144,2.050,2.130,3.342;P0.05);下腰痛组中主观支持、对支持的利用度、社会支持总分、自责及求助与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(t=3.093,2.614,2.932,1.953,2.454;P0.05);③不同的文化程度会影响客观支持、主观支持、社会支持总分、解决问题、自责、求助、幻想和退避,并且差异显著(F=4.15,5.84,5.13,5.02,4.98,4.01,7.25,3.12;P0.05);④不同的军龄会影响客观支持、对支持的利用度以及应对方式的各个因子,并且差异显著(F=3.24,3.02,5.13,8.24,5.36,10.88,9.67,3.87;P0.05)。结论下腰痛官兵的心理状态与应对方式,社会支持密切相关。     

家庭关怀度对酒依赖患者生活质量和应对方式的影响

目的探讨酒依赖患者家庭关怀度情况及其对生活质量和应对方式的影响。方法对入组80例患者采用家庭关怀度指数问卷(APGAR)、生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)和特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)进行评定,并以家庭关怀度的高与低将患者分为两组,比较两组的生活质量和应对方式情况。结果 162%的酒依赖患者家庭关怀度较低;高家庭关怀度组GQOLI-74因子评分均高于低家庭关怀度组,其中以躯体功能和物质生活状态差异显著(t=2.57,2.39;P0.05),心理和社会功能差异非常显著(t=3.02,2.89;P0.01),具有统计学意义;2高家庭关怀度组TCSQ的积极应对评分高于低家庭关怀度组(t=2.71,P0.01),消极应对评分高于家庭关怀度高组(t=-2.99,P0.01),消极应对表现突出,差异均具有统计学意义。结论酒依赖患者存在较低的家庭关怀度;低家庭关怀度者生活质量也较低,且面对应激时倾向于消极应对。     

空巢老人应对方式现况及其影响因素

目的了解空巢老年人在面对生活中所遇到的困难和挫折时所采取的应对方式及其影响因素,促使空巢老年人采取更积极的应对方式。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取288例60岁以上空巢老人,应用自行设计的调查表及简易应对方式量表,对研究对象进行面对面的调查。结果 1空巢老人的积极应对平均得分为(22.44±5.68)分,消极应对得分为(11.24±3.57)分;2性别、文化程度、经济来源、体育锻炼、婚姻状况和家庭收入对积极应对有影响,差别具有统计学意义(F=7.049,P=0.008;χ2=21.881,P=0.000;F=8.353,P=0.000;χ2=19.028,P=0.000;F=3.641,P=0.027;χ2=27.995,P=0.000);3性别、经济来源、体育锻炼、睡眠情况、家庭收入情况对消极应对有影响,差别有统计学意义(F=9.202,P=0.003;F=3.327,P=0.023;χ2=10.224,P=0.017;χ2=27.527,P=0.000;χ2=9.288,P=0.026)。结论改善老年人的生活质量和睡眠情况,提高老年人的文化水平,鼓励老年人经常参加体育锻炼,可以促使空巢老人在面对困难和挫折时采取更为积极的应对方式。     

煤矿井下特种工心理健康与应对方式的关系

目的:了解煤矿井下特种作业员工的应对方式对心理健康状况的影响。方法:选取了某煤炭企业集团所属10个矿区井下作业1013人为被试,使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)以及简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)进行测量。结果:(1)井下特种作业员工SCL-90总分及躯体化、强迫、焦虑以及精神病性因子得分均显著高于全国常模,差异具有统计学意义(t=3.53,5.28,7.53,2.19,2.82;P0.05)。人际关系得分低于全国常模,其中人际关系因子得分具有显著差异(t=-6.70,-0.75;P0.05);(2)积极应对方式和消极应对方式使用状况均低于全国常模,差异有显著性(t=-2.12,-3.38;P0.05);(3)积极应对方式与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈显著负相关,消极应对方式与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈显著正相关,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:井下特种作业员工心理健康水平显著差于全国一般人群;压力状态下,使用应对方式的情况显著少于全国一般人群;积极应对方式和消极应对方式对特种作业员工的心理健康状况有不同的影响。     

武警新兵适应能力及其与社会支持和应对方式的关系

目的:研究武警部队新兵的适应状况及相关因素,为新兵心理问题的早期干预和健康教育提供依据。方法:采用普遍性适应不良量表(Gm),社会支持评定量表,应付方式问卷对武警某部891名入伍新兵进行调查。结果:①武警新兵Gm分10.44±4.49,显著低于我国成年男性常模(P<0.01);②城镇较农村来源的新兵Gm分高(P<0.05);北方来源新兵较南方来源新兵Gm分低(P<0.01);有异性朋友组Gm分较有女友和无女友组低(P<0.01);③Gm总分与主观支持、客观支持、对支持的利用度及社会支持总分均呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与求助和解决问题呈显著负相关(P<0.01);④多元逐步回归分析表明,自责、解决问题、对支持的利用度、退避、幻想和求助6个因子对适应水平产生较大的影响。结论:开展武警新兵心理卫生工作要充分考虑个体差异,有针对性地进行教育指导。     

大学生认知风格的性别差异

目的 分析比较师范大学生认知风格的特点与性别差异。方法 用“迈尔斯-布里格思个性分类指标”（MBTI）和费尔德教授学习风格检测表（ILS）比较了87名男大学生和97名女大学生的认知风格。结果 男女大学生的认知风格存在显著的性别差异：①男生在思想和感觉雏度占优势,女生在感情和直觉雏度占优势;②语言表达方面女生比男生表现出明显的优势。结论 本研究为认知风格性别差异的进一步研究提供了基础。