The risk of reduced physical activity in children with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder: a prospective longitudinal study

The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that children with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder have an increased risk of reduced moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), using data from a large population based study. Prospectively collected data from 4331 children (boys = 2065, girls = 2266) who had completed motor coordination testing at 7 years and accelerometry at 12 years were analysed from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Probable DCD (p-DCD) was defined, using criteria based on the DSM IV classification, as those children below the 15th centile of the ALSPAC Coordination Test at seven years who had a functional impairment in activities of daily living or handwriting, excluding children with a known neurological diagnosis or IQ < 70. Secondary exposure variables consisted of subtests from the ALSPAC Coordination test (manual dexterity, ball skills and balance). Objective measurement of the average daily minutes of MVPA was recorded as ≥3600 counts per minute (cpm) using actigraph accelerometry. Boys with p-DCD were less physically active than boys without DCD (mean difference in MVPA 4.36 cpm, t = 2.69; p = 0.007). For boys, targeting skill (bean bag toss) was related to increased MVPA, after adjustment for confounding factors including neonatal, family and environmental factors as well as Body Mass Index at age seven and 12 years (β = 0.76, t = 3.37, p < 0.001, CI 0.32-1.20). There was no difference in level of MVPA in girls with and without p-DCD (mean difference 1.35 min, t = 0.97, p = 0.31), which may reflect the low levels of MVPA of girls in this cohort. Our findings suggest that the presence of movement difficulties, particularly poor targeting (bean bag toss/ball skills), at a young age is a potential risk factor for reduced MVPA in boys.     

新媒体背景下地学期刊按需出版精准推送供需协调分析

【目的】 以期刊发展的阶段性影响力提升和宣传范围扩大为准绳,基于价值导向原理分析新媒体背景下地学期刊供需主体价值导向差异。【方法】 借助调查问卷形式,从编辑角度了解地学期刊编辑精准推送价值导向,从读者角度分析需求主体精准推送价值取向,并分析二者的协调程度。【结果】 在阅读方式与出版形式、精准推送意愿、推送途径方面,供需双方价值导向高度协调;在推送内容及推送形式、推送时效方面,供需双方协调程度较低;供需双方对收费推送的价值导向不同,供需基本失调。【结论】 按需出版精准推送是一种适合供需双方的形式,并将逐步向个性化、精细化、市场化方向发展,符合个性化期刊出版发展轨迹。     

肝移植手术中的配合

自从 1 96 3年Starzl成功实施世界上第一例活体肝移植后 ,肝移植手术已经成为现代肝脏外科学领域里的一个比较实用、也比较时髦的手术及研究项目。结合我院已完成的 2例肝移植手术 ,简要介绍肝移植手术术前、术中及术后的相关问题 ,并介绍肝移植手术的主要步骤 ,叙述手术中的相关配合问题     

Neuromuscular-skeletal constraints upon the dynamics of unimanual and bimanual coordination

In the first of three experiments, 11 participants generated pronation and supination movements of the forearm. in time with an auditory metronome. The metronome frequency was increased in eight steps (0.25 Hz) from a base frequency of 1.75 Hz. On alternating trials, participants were required to coordinate either maximum pronation or maximum supination with each beat of the metronome. In each block of trials, the axis of rotation was either coincident with the long axis of the forearm, above this axis, or below this axis. The stability of the pronate-on-the-beat pattern, as indexed by the number of pattern changes, and the time of onset of pattern change, was greatest when the axis of rotation of the movement was below the long axis of the forearm. In contrast, the stability of the supinate-on-the-beat pattern was greatest when the axis of rotation of the movement was above the long axis of the forearm. In a second experiment, we examined how changes in the position of the axis of rotation alter the activation patterns of muscles that contribute to pronation and supination of the forearm. Variations in the relative dominance of the pronation and supination phases of the movement cycle across conditions were accounted for primarily by changes in the activation profile of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis longus (ECR). In the final experiment we examined how these constraints impact upon the stability of bimanual coordination. Thirty-two participants were assigned at random to one of four conditions, each of which combined an axis of rotation configuration (bottom or top) for each limb. The participants generated both inphase (both limbs pronating simultaneously, and supinating simultaneously) and antiphase (left limb pronating and right limb supinating simultaneously, and vice versa) patterns of coordination. When the position of the axis of rotation was equivalent for the left and the right limb, transitions from antiphase to inphase patterns of coordination were frequently observed. In marked contrast, when the position of the axis of rotation for the left and right limb was contradistinct, transitions from inphase to antiphase patterns of coordination occurred. The results demonstrated that when movements are performed in an appropriate mechanical context, inphase patterns of coordination are less stable than antiphase patterns.     

Adaptations in interlimb and intralimb coordination to asymmetrical loading in human walking

The purpose of this study was to examine both the intralimb (within a limb) and interlimb (between the right and left limbs) adaptations that occur in response to a unilaterally applied leg load as subjects walked at their preferred walking speed. It was hypothesized that this adaptation would alter interlimb coordination while intralimb coordination remained invariant. Subjects (n = 12) were required to walk on a treadmill at preferred walking speed. Bilateral 3-D kinematic data were collected while a load placed on the leg was increased. Gait adaptations to leg-loading were assessed through changes in coordination patterns between specific limb couplings. Continuous relative phase (CRP) was used to evaluate changes in limb coordination under each experimental load condition compared to a no load baseline condition. Both changes in magnitude of CRP (root-mean-square (RMS) analysis) as well as temporal changes in CRP across the stride cycle (cross-correlation) were assessed. Cross-Correlation values changed with load for all interlimb couplings assessed suggesting alterations in interlimb coordination across the stride cycle. CRP cross-correlation values were close to 1.0 in all the intralimb couplings examined, showing a relative invariance in intralimb coordination. Coordination changes in RMS were also observed for the interlimb couplings. RMS changes were also observed in the intralimb couplings on the loaded side. It appears that gait adaptations to a unilaterally applied leg load appear both at the intralimb and interlimb level. However, the majority of changes did appear at the interlimb level, where CRP as assessed through both cross-correlation and RMS measures changed. This study supports previous results that suggested a tighter coupling exists at the intralimb level, leaving the majority of gait adaptations to occur at the interlimb level. The observed adaptation in differences between interlimb and intralimb coordination may provide insight into gait adaptations in pathological gait.     

配位化合物在医学和药学方面的意义和应用

从配位化学的角度 ,阐述了配位化合物在医学和药学两个方面的临床意义和广泛应用。     

俯卧位手术的护理配合体会

目的：探讨俯卧位手术体位特点,采取相应的护理措施保证患者安全。方法：对2005年1月～2007年6月我科行俯卧位手术的体位摆放特点及要求进行分析,针对不同手术类别、麻醉方式以及不同病人采取相应保护措施。结果：所有手术暴露良好,满足手术医师和麻醉师需要,手术顺利完成,1例结膜充血,5例皮肤压红,未出现其他并发症。结论：根据不同手术方式、麻醉方式及病人个体状况,采用适合的体位摆放以及各类保护措施的应用,对病人的手术安全和防止护理并发症的发生起着重要的作用。     

盆腔四重造影检查中的护理配合

目的：探讨在盆腔四重造影检查中护理配合的方法及重要性。方法：对30例行盆腔四重造影检查的患者给予常规护理，并注重患者的心理护理、健康宣教，认真做好检查前的准备，检查中的配合，检查后的观察。结果：通过良好的护理配合，使检查流程清晰化、合理化、人性化，提高病人配合度，缩短检查时间。结论：良好的护理配合是提高盆腔四重造影检查成功率的关键。     

聚乙二醇—硝酸镧配位聚合物的表征研究

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为配位体,首次合成了三价稀土金属镧与PEG的配位聚合物。实验测定了该配位聚合物的红外光谱、示差扫描量热谱(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC),并就配位反应、热分解以及配位前后分子流体力学体积的变化进行了讨论。