2013—2018年医院临床分离细菌种类分布及耐药性监测

目的 了解2013-2018年医院临床分离细菌的种类分布和耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析某院2013-2018年各临床科室住院患者培养标本分离的细菌菌株,包括菌种名称、来源标本和药敏情况,应用WHONET 5.6和SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 2013-2018年共分离细菌5 014株,主要为革兰阴性（G^-）菌（3 797株,占75.73%）。检出主要细菌为大肠埃希菌（1 182株,占23.57%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（669株,占13.34%）和铜绿假单胞菌（408株,占8.14%）等。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素较敏感,耐药率均<10%。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为29.31%和20.88%。鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率较高,分别为61.71%和53.74%。金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林的耐药率为42.14%,未检出对万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药的菌株。结论 该院近年来临床分离常见细菌的耐药情况较平稳,整体有下降趋势。     

Sonographic diagnosis of pancreatic islet cell tumor: value of intermittent harmonic imaging

We describe a case of nonfunctioning islet cell tumor of the pancreas diagnosed preoperatively by intermittent harmonic power Doppler imaging and digital subtraction gray-scale harmonic imaging and the use of the contrast agent SH U 508A (Levovist). Hypervascularity and tumor perfusion were clearly demonstrated with both harmonic imaging techniques in the early arterial phase. Sonographic findings were confirmed by other modalities and by histopathologic examination.     

Pancreatic head cancer: accuracy of CT in determination of resectability

Background Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease whose early detection remains difficult. There is no 100% reliable imaging test to diagnose and stage pancreatic cancer. We assessed the surgical value of contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography (CT) in predicting the resectability and survival rates of patients who had pancreatic head cancer.Methods Eighty-nine patients who had pancreatic head cancer were investigated with spiral CT. Based on the preoperative CT results, we assigned patients to one of three CT groups based on resectability.Results A correlation between classification of CT resectability and intraoperative finding was found in 83% of patients. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of spiral CT in identifying predictive unresectability were 79%, 82%, 91%, 62%, and 81%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CT in diagnosis of vascular invasion were 94%, 84.2%, 94%, 84%, and 91.3%, respectively.Conclusion The use of CT in the evaluation of pancreatic tumors provides valuable preoperative assessment of surgical resectability and should be performed for clinical examination. Classifying patients by tumor resectability on CT helps to estimate more precisely the tumor stage and to prognosticate survival rates of these patients.     

两种除杂质工艺的爽肤洁阴洗液杀菌效果的比较

爽肤洁阴洗液含苦参、黄柏、白头翁、生黄芪、百部、蒲公英、苍术、黄连、白癣皮、艾叶等中药,为比较两种除杂质工艺之该液的杀灭微生物效果,进行了悬液定量杀菌试验。结果,用乙醇沉淀法除杂质的爽肤洁阴洗液原液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌作用5 min,对白色念珠菌作用10 min,平均杀灭率均≥99.91％;用ZTCl+1澄清剂法除杂质的爽肤洁阴洗液原液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用15 min,对大肠杆菌作用20 min,平均杀灭率才≥99.92％,对白色念珠菌作用20 min的平均杀灭率仅99.84％。结果说明,用乙醇沉淀法除杂质,对该洗液中药成分杀菌效果的影响小于用ZTCl+1澄清剂处理者。     

新型乏氧显像剂99Tcm-HL91在缺血性 脑血管病中的试验研究

目的：探讨新型乏氧显像剂^99Tc^m-HL91在缺血性脑血管病中的临床应用价值。方法：对18例临床确诊为缺血性脑血管病患者进行脑乏氧断层显像，其中临床诊断脑梗死11例，短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）5例，椎-基底动脉供血不足2例，取标记好的^99Tc^m-HL91 555-1110MBq静脉推注，20-30min内行脑乏氧断层显像，17例患者同时进行了CT或MRI检查，11例患者次日行^99Tc^m-ECD脑灌注断层显像，三种方法进行了对比研究。结果：18例患者中脑乏氧显像阳性者5例，分别为脑梗死4例，椎-基底动脉供血不足1例。11例同时行^99Tc^m-ECD脑血流灌注显像者中6例表现为局部脑血流灌注减低，CT或MRI检查异常者9例。结论：^99Tc^m-HL91脑乏氧显像诊断缺血性脑血管病的影响因素较多，但对脑血流灌注显像出现低灌注区时可以区分组织乏氧或坏死，对指导治疗有一定临床意义。     

盐酸苯海索与阿普唑仑治疗血液透析患者合并不宁腿综合征的对照研究

目的探讨血液透析患者合并不宁腿综合征的有效治疗方案。方法将合并不宁腿综合征的血液透析24例患者，分别给予盐酸苯海索与阿普唑仑两种治疗，观察两组治疗前后国际RLS评估量表评分的变化以及对睡眠改善等指标。结果血液透析患者中RLS患病率达到19．2％，盐酸苯海索组在减轻症状（7．2±2．5vs16．8±7．3），减少睡眠／醒时腿动较佳乐定组更为有效（83．3％vs25％，100％vs21．4％），改善睡眠障碍两者差异不大，应用两种药物前后电解质和肾功能变化不大。结论盐酸苯海索能有效减轻血液透析患者合并不宁腿综合征的症状，明显优于阿普唑仑。     

超声造影剂联合高强度聚焦超声损伤兔肝VX2移植瘤的可行性研究

目的研究超声造影剂作为一种增效剂,增强高强度聚焦超声的生物学效应,损伤兔肝VX2移植瘤的可行性.方法 30只荷瘤兔随机分为二组,单纯高强度聚焦超声辐照组和联合辐照组,超声造影剂剂量为0.05 ml/kg.结果联合辐照组的辐照时间明显缩短（P＜0.05）,损伤肿瘤体积大大增加（P＜0.01）,损伤效率高于单纯高强度聚焦超声辐照组（P＜0.01）.结论超声造影剂可以提高高强度聚焦超声损伤效率,靶区组织的声学特性、组织结构或者功能状态可以影响高强度聚焦超声治疗剂量.     

三维增强磁共振胸腹部大血管成像的技术探讨

目的　探讨三维动态MRA(3DDCEMRA)成像技术在胸部、腹部大血管应用的价值。方法　使用 1.5T超导磁共振全身成像仪对 3 5例疑有胸部、腹部大血管病变的患者进行静脉手推团注磁共振造影剂法的 3DDCEMRA检查。一次屏气 2 2s可采集 14～ 2 4层图像。结果　所有 3 5例 3DDCEMRA均一次检查成功 ,清楚地显示了胸部、腹部大血管解剖结构 ,包括血流信号 ,血管壁及其壁周组织 ,对病变的定位及与周围血管和组织相关性均可以作出明确的判断。结论　 3DDCEMRA成像在采用了快速的梯度回波成像技术 ,合理的静脉团注造影剂 ,以及正确的图像分析和后处理后可以实现无创性的准确的胸部 ,腹部大血管的诊断 ,有可能替代常规DSA检查。     

肾盂癌超声造影的初步研究

目的分析11例肾盂癌的超声造影灌注过程，初步探讨超声造影对肾盂癌的诊断价值。方法应用对比脉冲序列（CPS）成像技术和声诺维造影剂SonoVue对11例肾盂癌患者行超声造影，记录并分析造影灌注过程。结果注射造影剂后11例肿块均可见强化，肿块开始显影时间为8～20S，显影增强达高峰时间为14～25s，增强开始减退时间为18～30S。肿块显影高峰强度：高于肾实质2例，等同于肾实质4例，稍低于肾实质5例。肿块的血流灌注方式：“快进慢退”2例，“同进慢退”5例，“慢进慢退”4例；7例为整体均～性增强和均一性减退，3例为向心性增强，1例为离心性减退。结论CPS技术结合造影剂SonoVue能描绘肾盂肿块的血流灌注情况，使肾盂肿块显示更清晰，有助于肾盂癌的诊断。     

Improved functional cardiac MR imaging using the intravascular contrast agent CLARISCAN™

Purpose: Using segmented k-space turbo gradient echo MR techniques (TGE) contrast between blood and myocardium is often reduced in long axis views due to reduced in plane spin-refreshment, particularly in patients with low ejection fraction. The application of an intravascular contrast agent (CA) may improve endocardial border delineation. Materials and methods: In 15 patients cardiac cine loops in two long axis and two short axis views were acquired during breath hold using a TGE sequence without and with increasing doses of CA (0.75, 2.0, 5.0 mg Fe/kg). Two independent observers evaluated left ventricular function (LVEF, modified Simpson's rule) and assigned a visual score (range: 0 = not visualized to 6 = excellent visualization) for endocardial border delineation. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios (SNR; CNR) were determined. Results: Endocardial border delineation score for TGE was 1.7 ± 0.6 and 3.9 ± 0.6^**, 4.4 ± 0.5^**, 4.6 ± 0.4^** for 0.75, 2.0, 5.0 mg Fe/kg of CA, respectively ( ^** p < 0.01 vs. TGE). SNR of blood increased significantly with any dose of CA with a mild drop of myocardial SNR resulting in a significant increase of CNR blood/myocardium. The maximum effect with 2.0 mg Fe/kg was a >2-fold CNR increase. Inter- and intraobserver variability assessed according to the method of Bland–Altmann was reduced at 2.0 mg Fe/kg for determination of LVEF and reached statistical significance for LVEF <50%. Conclusion: Intravascular CA increased CNR between blood and myocardium by a factor >2 and significantly improved the determination of cardiac volumes. The benefit in accuracy was most for patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <50%.