Evaluating therapeutic outcome in epileptic patients using the changes of interval and duration

BACKGROUND: Seizure frequency is in abnormal distribution, and it is not enough to express the trend of concentration using means, and its median loses a lot of information, thus it lacks of a standard for evaluating the therapeutic effects based on seizure frequency. OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for evaluating the therapeutic effects on anti-epileptic drugs using changes of interval and duration of seizure. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Outpatients and inpatients suffering from epilepsy attending firstly visited Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital from June 2001 to June 2002 were enrolled. They were diagnosed as epileptic according to the International Classification of Epileptic Seizure by International League Against Epilepsy (1981) based on the clinical history, physical examination, and investigations. The interval time was no more than 6 months. Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects, and the study was approved by the hospital ethical committee. METHODS: ① For the first visit and each follow-up, the following data were recorded, including general demographic information, seizure type, the date and time of ictus, the duration of ictus, and inducement or situation related, according to which the following indexes could be calculated, including seizure styles, interval, duration, cluster frequency and cluster duration. The information from the first review was noted as annals A. The second interview was taken at the end of the evaluating period; the information from the second review was noted as annals B. The third interview was taken within two weeks after the second one; the information from the third review was noted as annals C. The annals B or the annals C were respectively compared with the annals A in the light of the same types or the same styles of the same patient. Summation of the scores of interval change and duration change of the same type or the same style and 5 of basic score was the score of a corresponding seizure type or a corresponding style of one patient. In order to test its reliability and validity, the score of change of frequency or duration plus 5 scores respectively was the score of frequency or duration. ② Reliability and validity were tested by calculating corresponding correlation coefficient with SPSS 11.0. ROC curve was used for developing diagnostic criterion of predicting therapeutic effects with SPSS 11.0. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Reliability and validity; ② Diagnostic criterion for predicting therapeutic effects one year later. RESULTS: Totally 28 patients were involved in the final analysis of results. ① Reliability and validity were high: rinter-rater=0.98, rtest-retest=0.99, rconstruct validity=0.83. ② A total score > 6 was the optimal diagnostic criteria for predicting therapeutic effects one year later, in other words, a patient who scored more than 6 at the evaluating period may be seizure-free one year later. CONCLUSION: It is a potential tool for evaluating epileptic therapeutic outcome, and it can be diffusely used in interrelated fields after being further validated.     

Changes in EEG order in neuroleptically treated normal volunteers during a voluntary movement task

Summary 15 normal volunteers were treated over three weeks with haloperidol (HAL) and in the third week additionally with biperidene (BIP). The order of the EEG spectra at different topographical locations and in different frequency bands during a movement task was analyzed using uncertainty analysis (UA), a multivariate analysis technique based on informationtheoretical methods. Different patterns of drug-induced changes were found. HAL decreases the theta and alpha band order at the fronto-central lateral areas but increases it at the fronto-central midline in the theta band and at the parietal areas in the alpha band. With the exception of the fronto-central midline locations, BIP more or less counterbalances the effect of HAL. Volunteers felt unwell and had motor disturbances during HAL and felt well again during HAL + BIP. Reaction time values were increased during HAL and normalized during HAL + BIP.     

高频程控增益前置放大器的设计及其在医学仪器中的应用

目的：设计一种高频程控增益前置放大器，以满足“便携式数字型医用超声声功率计”研究的需要。方法：根据医用超声源频率范围宽、输出功率相差悬殊的特点，权衡便携、低功耗与低失真度、价格等因素，针对不同应用条件，制作出分别由集成电路和分立元件构成的两种结构不同的高频程控增益前置放大器，经调试、优化后，应用到医用超声声功率计中。结果：两种电路分别应用于“便携式数字型医用超声声功率计”，经试用，效果良好。结论：实践证明，由集成电路组成的放大器具有体积小、功耗低、电路结构简单、易与微处理器接口等优点，但它对器件依赖性强，信号保真度差，价格昂贵；而分立元件组成的放大器虽然体积、功耗、与微处理器接口等方面逊于前者，但它元器件易得，信号保真度好，价格低廉。在体积、功耗等条件许可的情况下，该放大器不失为上乘选择。     

高频宽增益小信号放大器的设计及在医用超声功率计中的应用

介绍供医用超声功率计用的两种高频、宽增益的小信号放大器，并比较了它们彼此的优缺点。     

Pattern electroretinogram as a function of spatial frequency in ocular hypertension and early glaucoma

Pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) in response to 8.3 Hz alternating gratings (16.6 rev/sec) of different spatial frequencies were recorded in normal subjects as well as in patients affected by early glaucoma and ocular hypertension. In normal subjects the PERG response is spatially tuned, with a maximum at about 1.5 cycles/deg and attenuation at higher and lower spatial frequencies. In all cases of early glaucoma and in the great majority of cases of ocular hypertension the PERG was reduced, as compared with that of normal subjects, mainly in the medium range of spatial frequencies (at which the PERG has its maximal amplitude).     

新一代低频电治疗仪的研制

本文介绍一种新型低频电脉冲治疗仪，采用新型单片机、程序控制和OTL功率放大器，产生变化有序的多种治疗脉冲波形模拟针灸治疗。电脉冲刺激器治疗仪可以用作减轻疼痛、放松肌肉、预防和减缓肌肉萎缩、增加局部血液循环等。     

Mono- or Polypharmacotherapy in Institutionalized Epileptic Children with Severe Mental Retardation?

ABSTRACT. Nine severely mentally retarded patients with severe epilepsy who were living in an institution were studied during a three-year period by a multi-disciplinary team. A seizure rate serum level chart was made for each patient. It served as the basis for monthly discussions in the team about medication changes. Drug plasma concentrations were monitored monthly. Statistical comparisons between seizure frequency on different drug regimens were made by χ² test. Withdrawal of all medication was possible in one case and reduction to monotherapy in two cases. In the remainder of the patients a combination of two or three anticonvulsants gave the best clinical effect. We thus found polypharmacotherapy necessary for some severely retarded patients with epilepsy. Our multidisciplinary approach and chart monitoring system has many advantages and is valuable for the medical care and drug treatment of this patient category.     

无毒棉籽液抗腹泻作用研究

通过对正常小鼠、生大黄致泻小鼠及脾虚小鼠的作用研究表明，无毒棉籽液有较好的抑制排便频度、治疗腹泻的作用．无毒棉籽液６ｇ／ｋｇ可极其显著地抑制正常小鼠的排便频度，无毒棉籽液６ｇ／ｋｇ和３ｇ／ｋｇ可极其显著地抑制生大黄致泻小鼠及脾虚小鼠的排便频度．６ｇ／ｋｇ无毒棉籽液且可极其显著地抑制正常小鼠及脾虚小鼠的小肠推进运动．     

云南水族人群红细胞酸性磷酸酶多态分布

采用淀粉凝胶电泳法对云南水族人红细胞酸性磷酸多态分布状况进行了调查，检出ＥＡＰＡ型６例，ＥＡＰＢＡ型４５例，ＥＡＰ５５例。计算出基因频率分别为：ＥＡＰ＾Ａ０．２６８９，ＥＡＰ＾Ｂ０．７３１１．ＥＡＰ在云南水族人群中的ＤＰ值为０．５１８５。文中对ＥＡＰ在不同人群中的分布进行了比较分析。     

连续射精对正常男性精液分析参数的影响

目的 :探讨连续射精对正常男性精液分析参数的影响。　方法 :8名正常男性逐日手淫取精 ,共 8d。采用世界卫生组织人类精液检验手册方法测定精液体积、pH值、精子密度、总精子数、存活率和活动率 ,进行统计学分析。　结果 :精液体积、总精子数逐日下降 ,从第 5d起至第 8d非常显著低于第 1d(P <0 .0 1)。精子密度亦呈逐渐下降趋势 ,但无显著性差异。精子存活率和精子活动率 (a +b级 )均呈逐渐上升趋势 ,但是仅第 7d显著高于第1d(P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :人类精液体积、总精子数随射精频度增加而显著降低 ,精子存活率和活动率增加。频繁射精并不影响正常男性精液质量。