新版《卫生事业管理学》课程设置及教学思考

卫生事业管理学是医学院校公共事业管理专业的核心课程和主干课程。为实现课程教学目标,提高教学质量,对新版《卫生事业管理学》课程设置思路和特点进行了较为深入的系统分析,在此基础上从课堂教学和实践环节两个方面探讨了本课程的教学指导建议。     

英语教学与医学研究生思辨能力的培养

在介绍思辨能力内涵的基础上,结合医学研究生思辨口语课程教学实践．探讨如何在建构主义教学理论指导下,使用问题质疑、争议话题会话、主题辩论和课后调查四种策略来培养医学研究生思辨能力。     

对药物非临床实验管理规范（GLP）的历史回顾及其辩证思考

药品非临床实验管理规范（G凹）是国家为保证新药临床前研究安全性试验资料的优质、真实、完整和可靠,针对药物安全性评价研究机构制定的基本要求。本文回顾了GLP的出现及发展历程,客观辩证了在GLP发展过程中新药研发与安全评价的关系、GLP实施与新药开发的矛盾等,提出对于我国未来GLP发展的见解。     

横断面研究能否进行因果推断

基于变量调查(或测量)的共时性、统计学关联及幸存者偏倚等原因,横断面研究被认为不能进行因果推断,这是当前的"共识"。本文基于因果思维,借助因果图,首先明确定义真实截面和测量截面,并识别截面概念仅存在于理论的特性。实际横断面研究中,测量变量的共时性并不存在,而是无一例外地表现为非共时性时序,其实质上相当于测量变量间互为独立性假设,或不存在有差别错分偏倚。类似于累积病例对照研究和历史性队列研究,横断面研究均为暴露和结局已存在或发生后进行的测量,这种测量相当于对变量值的历史重建或"考古"。这类研究进行因果推断的共性前提条件之一是,测量变量与其历史变量间必须存在着因果律。测量变量均为真实变量的替代者,测量变量间的时序在因果推断上并不重要。应加强对横断面研究分析性角色的认识。     

Assessment of functioning in Dutch primary care: Development study of a consultation tool for patients with chronic conditions and multimorbidity

BackgroundIn primary care, a shift from a disease‐oriented approach for patients with multimorbidity towards a more person‐centred approach is needed.AimTo transform a self‐report questionnaire for patients with chronic conditions in primary care, the Primary Care Functioning Scale (PCFS), into an understandable, visually attractive and feasible consultation tool for patients and health care providers. The consultation tool consists of a web‐based version of the PCFS, which is filled in by the patient and is processed to a feedback report that summarizes and visualizes the main findings. The feedback report can be discussed with the patient to facilitate a more person‐centred conversation for patients with chronic conditions and multimorbidity in general practice.Design and SettingIn this qualitative study, we developed the consultation tool by using design thinking in a participatory developmental process.MethodsIn the first phase, we constructed five different feedback report templates to summarize and display the results of a completed PCFS questionnaire in a series of two expert meetings with patients and general practitioners (GPs). In the second phase, we performed an exploratory qualitative interview study involving dyads of patients with chronic conditions and their practice nurses. In an iterative process, we explored their experiences with the consultation tool.ResultsPatients, as well as GPs, preferred a clear manner of presenting the results of the questionnaire in a feedback report. In 18 interviews with patients and practice nurses during three different interview rounds, we adjusted the feedback report and consultation tool based on the input from patients and practice nurses. After the final interview round, patients and practice nurses consented that the consultation tool was useful for having a more in‐depth consultation about functioning and patients'' preferences when integrated into the regularly scheduled consultations.ConclusionWe were able to develop an understandable and feasible consultation tool that is applicable in already existing chronic disease management programmes in general practice in the Netherlands.Patient or Public ContributionTo increase the understandability and feasibility of the consultation tool, we collaborated with end‐users and actively involved patients, GPs and practice nurses in a participatory development process.     

《寿亲养老新书》养生学术思想述评

《寿亲养老新书》是我国现存早期的老年病学、养生学著作,对后世医家、养生学家影响很大。书中针对老年人的情志、生理、病理特点,提出了诸如重视饮食调治,注重医药扶持,注重摄养之道,特别提到精神摄养、四时摄养、起居摄养及导引、吐纳、运动等摄养之法,内容详尽,对今人不无借鉴之处。     

培养医学研究生的跨学科创新思维

分析培养医学研究生跨学科创新思维的必要性,提出培养医学研究生跨学科创新思维的具体方案,包括构建跨学科课程体系、交流平台及综合性实验项目,加强导师跨学科创新知识建设,双导师或多导师制,开展跨学科课题等。     

骨科学临床见习教学中医学生临床思维能力的培养

临床见习是医学生向医生转变的第一步，是临床医学教学的重要组成部分。临床见习阶段的教学不仅是对医学知识的深化，更是对医学临床思维能力的培养，其教学效果直接关系到医学生以后的实习和工作。中山大学附属第一医院黄埔院区骨科在总结以往见习教学经验的基础上，结合骨科学见习的特点，从教学内容、教学方法、教学形式等各环节突出了医学生临床思维能力的培养，取得了良好的效果。     

Innovation in Orthopaedics: Part 2—How to Translate Ideas and Research into Clinical Practice

Purpose of ReviewThis paper presents some approaches and techniques for translating an idea or research into clinical practice, considering the innovation development process.Recent FindingsInnovative tools have been a key solution for healthcare problems, such as musculoskeletal disorders, which represent a great economic burden and are among the leading causes of disability. There has been an increase in publications on this topic, but there has been no analysis of the process of innovation development. This review describes the innovation phases for translating an idea or research into clinical practice, considering the stages of discovering the opportunity, innovation creation, project specification, technology development, and innovation launch.SummaryAn analysis of the innovation development process to translate an idea or research into clinical practice, including concepts, approaches, and techniques that shows the “why”, “how”, and “what” of innovation.     

建立针灸特色辨证论治体系，提供针灸临床诊疗思维模式--《针灸临床技能实训》学习体会

通过学习《针灸临床技能实训》下篇“针灸临床诊治思维”,体会到该书有以下主要特点：突出针灸四诊特点,强调经络腧穴诊察;注重中西医结合,适应现代临床需求;旨在探讨建立针灸特色辨证论治理论体系;指导学生形成具有针灸特色的临床诊疗思维模式。该教材突出了以实践技能为主线,以临床思辨为核心的教学方法,对提高学生的临床思维、临证分析能力有较大帮助。