老年血液透析患者家庭照顾者工作量与压力负荷的相关性研究

目的探讨老年血液透析患者家庭照顾者工作量与其压力负荷的相关性,为护理干预提供依据。方法选取90例老年血液透析患者家庭照顾者,采用自设问卷、照顾工作量表和照顾压力负荷量表进行调查,并分析其工作量与压力负荷之间的相关性。结果家庭照顾者工作量与压力负荷之间呈正相关（r=0．85,P〈0．01）。照顾者工作量调查结果显示,陪伴就医工作量居首,平均2．24分;照顾者的压力负荷中,心理压力负荷最大,平均2．57分。结论老年血液透析患者的家庭照顾者面临的照顾工作量是产生压力的重要因素。     

MRI在脊柱压缩骨折病因鉴别诊断中的作用

目的：探讨MRI在脊柱压缩骨折病因鉴别诊断中的作用。方法：回顾性分析114例经临床病理证实的脊柱压缩骨折,分别观察分析椎体、椎间盘、附件等的病理性形态及MRI信号改变,结果：脊柱转移瘤35例,仅2．7％残余正常骨髓信号,压缩椎体后部膨大,74．2％椎弓根受累,51％伴椎旁软组织肿块,42％伴椎管内硬膜外软组织肿块。脊柱结核20例。90％椎体相邻面破坏,椎间盘均破坏,85％向后成角,仅2例附件破坏,90％椎旁脓肿。骨质疏松25例,100％骨折椎体可见残余正常骨髓信号。外伤骨折34例,64％维间盘破裂,55％伴骨碎片,结论：脊柱转移瘤、脊柱结核、脊柱骨质疏松及脊柱外伤引起的脊柱压缩骨折均有各自的MRI特征性表现,MRI是鉴别脊柱压缩骨折病因有效的影像学手段。     

人下颌骨在压缩载荷下的生物力学性质

目的研究下颌骨在不同压缩载荷下的生物力学性质,建立下颌骨在压缩载荷下的本构方程。方法以5具新鲜男性青年尸体的下颌骨为材料,对每具标本进行骨密度测定,然后制成标准试件在INSTRON材料试验机上进行电子压缩,应变率分别为0.000　5、0.005、0.05、0.5s-1,获得不同载荷下相应的应力-应变曲线。利用模型Y=aρ     

Prospective monitoring of the Epstein–Barr virus DNA by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction after allogenic stem cell transplantation

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) is a serious complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To clarify the frequency, natural course and risk factors for LPD, we prospectively monitored 38 allogeneic (allo)-HSCT patients, focusing on the use of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). We used a recently developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to monitor EBV genome load. The subjects consisted of 19 patients given ATG for conditioning and 19 patients not given ATG. Of the 19 patients given ATG, 47.4% (nine patients) had a significant increase in EBV genome load (10(2.5) copies/microg DNA). Of these nine patients, two developed LPD. Therefore, 10.5% of the patients receiving allo-HSCT with ATG developed LPD. In contrast, none of the 19 patients without ATG had a significantly increased EBV load. The increases in viral load were observed in the second or third month after HSCT. We found that the peak viral loads of LPD patients were > 10(4.0 ) copies/microg DNA. On the other hand, the viral loads of most patients with no symptoms were < 10(2.5) copies/microg DNA. In conclusion, routine monitoring of EBV load during the second and third months after transplantation may benefit patients undergoing HSCT with ATG. We propose that an EBV load > 10(2.5) copies/microg DNA is the reactivation of EBV, and that an EBV load > 10(4.0) copies/microg DNA is indicative of developing LPD.     

静态负荷对大鼠离体骨骼肌生化指标的影响

目的探讨线粒体钙浓度(MCC)、自由基和胞内酶释出之间的相互关系以及细胞内钙浓度升高的来源。方法通过不同Ca     

Evaluation of Anthropogenic Substrate Variability Based on Non-Destructive Testing of Ground Anchors

The purpose of this paper is to describe the variability of soil rheological properties based on research carried out using load tests of ground anchors under complex geotechnical conditions. The heterogeneity of soil should always be considered when designing geotechnical constructions. In the present case, the earthwork created at the Warsaw Slope revealed an embankment of anthropogenic origin, located in a geologically and geomorphologically complex area of the Vistula valley slope. Excavation protection was anchored mainly in soils of anthropogenic origin. When the acceptance tests of the ground anchor were completed, the subsoil randomness was confirmed using nondirect, geostatistical methods. A standard solid rheological model with nonlinear fitting to the data was used. This model was established to describe the creeping activity of the ground anchor more accurately. The characteristics of man-made embankments were described using the parameters obtained with the rheological model of the subsoil.     

Detection of Elastic Deformation in Metal Materials in Infrared Spectral Range

The aim of this work is to verify the presence of deformation in the metal specimen from the material AISI 316L by means of lock-in thermography. The specimen was cyclically loaded by the three-point bending in the fatigue testing machine. A response of the specimen to such excitation can be detected in the infrared spectrum and to determine temperature changes during a loading cycle. By means of the lock-in method, an increased signal to noise ratio (radiation energy detected by an infrared camera) was achieved. Besides, the temperature changes were determined on the basis of amplitudes of radiant energy changes detected by the camera. The temperature change (all radiant energy) corresponds with the first invariant of the tensor of deformation and, after a calculation and regarding the material parameters, also the invariant of the stress tensor. The proportionality between the signal from the camera and the first deformation invariant is achieved if the specimen load is an adiabatic event. This process is achieved by choosing a sufficiently high load frequency. In case of a presence origin of plastic deformations, there takes place only part of radiant energy. When we accept the hypothesis of a presence of just elastic deformations and plastic deformation is also present in the monitored process, then the evaluated thermograms based on the assumption of the presence of elastic deformation present anomalies in a distribution of the determined tensor invariant of deformations. These anomalies are caused by a presence of plastic deformations. Based on the anomalies, plastic deformation can be detected and subsequently analyzed. For the tested specimen and the applied load, the calculation of stress tensor was performed. It confirmed a congruence of results obtained by the analysis of the physical process in the infrared spectrum of the mid-wave infrared camera.     

手足口病病原体流行特征分析及临床意义

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of etiological agents in children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and analyze the differences between the severe and mild cases with HFMD seen from 2008 to 2009 in the Children's Hospital Methods A total of 154 patients with HFMD were enrolled from May 2008 to September 2008 and from May 2009 to September 2009, including 28 severe HFMD patients. Data from 80 cases with suspected herpangina were collected as control. Enterovirus universal type, enterovirus type 71 (EV71) and coxsackie virus group A 16 (CA16) were detected by realtime RT-PCR respoctively. Results The positive rate of enterovirus universal type in the 154 patients with HFMD was 81.82% (126/154). EV71 positive rate in these 126 patients with enterovirus universal type infection was 57.14% (72/126). The positive rate of enterovirus universal type in the 80 cases with suspected herpangina was 68.75% (55/80). There was no EV71 infection in these 80 cases with suspected herpangina. EV71 infection was mainly popular in 2008. Both EV71 and CA16 were prevalent in 2009. The epidemic characteristics of enterovirus infection with HFMD between 2008 and 2009 had significant differences (X2 = 23.50, P = 0.000) ( P ＜ O.01 ). The epidemic characteristics of enterovirus infection between severe and mild HFMD patients also had significant differences (X2 = 29.85, P ＜ O. 01). There were 28 cases with severe HFMD, in whom the EV71 positive rate was 92.86% (26/28). EV71 positive rate in the mild HFMD was 36.51% (46/126) (X2 =29.22, P ＜0.01). There was no significant difference in the gender ( X2 = 0.135, P = 0.714) and virus load (t = 0.141, P = 0.889) between the mild and severe HFMD cases. But the age of mild and severe HFMD showed a significant difference ( t = 2.926, P =O.009). Patients who were less than 2 years of age had a proportion of 88.89% (8/9) with severe HFMD.The mean age of mild HFMD patients was 3.19 years. Conclusion HFMD showed different epidemic characteristics at different times of enterovirus infection. There was no significant difference in the gender and virus load between the mild and severe cases with HFMD. Children under 3 years of age with EV71 infection were at high risk for severe HFMD.     

Bridging the gap between adult and paediatric outcomes in HIV-1 vertically infected children: a single-centre comparison with adult data

Prognosis of HIV-1 infection dramatically improved during the last decade. Meanwhile, treatment-induced virological success has always been different in adult and children patients.
Aim:  To compare 10 years of follow up in HIV-1 vertically infected children and adult patients.
Methods:  Monocentric retrospective longitudinal analysis of vertically HIV-1-infected children and adult patients followed in the Nice University Hospital between 1999 and 2008. Immunological, virological and antiretroviral treatment data were recorded.
Results:  Forty children and 1752 adult patients were included. Between 1996 and 2008, the percentage of children receiving HAART increased from 3.2% to 91%. Mean CD4% in the paediatric group remained stable between 29 ± 8.1% in 1998 and 30 ± 9.4% in 2008. Mean adult CD4-cell count significantly increased from 410 in 1998 to 556 cells/mL in 2008. Logistic regression analysis showed that the children-to-adult difference for indetectability (HIV PCR-RNA below 400 copies/mL) was significant (p < 0.0001) with an odds ratio of 0.61 (CI^95th: 0.52–0.72). Year-to-patient interaction was also significant with a decreasing divergence over time (p: 0.038).
Conclusion:  Nowadays as in adult patients, the control of HIV-1 replication is achieved in nearly eight of 10 children and the percentage of patients with severe immunodeficiency dramatically decreased compared with the mid 1990s.     

高血压病合并2型糖尿病患者动态血压变异与靶器官损害的关系

 目的探讨高血压病合并2型糖尿病患者的动态血压变异与靶器官损害的关系.方法对40例高血压及糖尿病患者、45例单纯高血压病患者行24 h动态血压监测.以24 h血压、收缩压及舒张压负荷、血压昼夜节律为监测指标.结果两组的nSBP、dSL、nSL及血压昼夜节律比较,均有差异(P＜0.05).结论血压及其昼夜节律与靶器官损害有关.