鼻内镜下经鼻蝶斜坡脊索瘤的手术治疗

摘要：目的探讨鼻内镜经鼻蝶入路手术治疗斜坡区脊索瘤的手术方法和临床效果。方法2010年3月~2015年4月收治13例斜坡区脊索瘤患者,运用鼻内镜经鼻蝶入路切除位于颅底斜坡的脊索瘤,未能全切除者术后辅以放射治疗,杀灭残留的肿瘤组织。结果经鼻蝶内镜下全切肿瘤6例,次全切除4例,大部分切除3 例。术后临床症状得到不同程度改善10 例,无明显缓解3例,术后辅助放疗。随访3个月至4年,4例术后2年复发,行再次手术,1例出现脑脊液鼻漏,行漏口修补后好转出院,其余患者肿瘤无复发。术后3例患者症状无明显缓解,患者年龄大,一般情况较差,未再次行手术治疗。结论鼻内镜下经鼻蝶入路切除主要位于中,上斜坡的脊索瘤,手术入路短,术中深部结构辨认清晰,相对于其他手术入路,该入路创伤小、安全、用时少,疗效满意。是斜坡脊索瘤治疗的一种较好的手术入路。     

斜坡疾病及其影像表现

斜坡是位于颅底中央区的宽厚骨板,位置深在,周围结构较复杂。斜坡病变种类多,但各类病变的临床表现相似,诊断比较困难。影像检查是诊断斜坡病变的重要方法,CT和MRI能够较好地显示病变钙化、骨质破坏、肿瘤形态及周围浸润情况。按照斜坡病变的原发部位将其分为原发性和继发性两类,介绍其影像表现,以提高对斜坡疾病的诊断和认识。     

斜坡肿瘤的低场MRI表现

目的分析斜坡肿瘤的低场MRI表现。方法回顾性分析20例经临床和(或)病理证实的斜坡肿瘤的低场MRI表现。结果斜坡肿瘤低场MRI表现为正常斜坡被肿瘤组织所替代。原发性8例,肿瘤多呈膨胀性生长,信号多不均匀,多呈T1WI低T2WI高信号,不均一强化。继发性12例,肿瘤多呈浸润性改变,T1WI多呈低信号,T2WI多呈等高信号,多均匀强化,以T1WI最为敏感,但T2WI及T1WI增强有时难以区分病变。结论 MRI多序列结合对斜坡肿瘤的早期诊断具有重要价值。     

Middle fossa transpetrosal-transtentorial approaches for petroclival meningiomas selective pyramid resection and radicality

Summary Fourty-two patients with petroclival meningioma were operated upon by the middle fossa transpetrosal-transtentorial approaches since 1977. Half of those showed tumour extension into the middle fossa and one-third in the cavernous sinus. Seventeen (40%) had a large tumour of 40 mm in diameter or larger, and 8 of those had a broad attachment from the clivus to petrous pyramid of the temporal bone. The site of pyramid resection was selected from three types, depending on the tumour location and the patients' pre-operative hearing. There was no surgical mortality. Significant risk of lower cranial nerves palsy was minimal and useful hearing was preserved in 18 out of 21 patients. The follow-up, an average of 4 and a half years, showed tumours were completely eradicated in 32 patients (76%) and there was regrowfh in 3 (7%). Thirty-four patients (81%) were independent, 3 disabled and only one died of rapid tumour regrowth. The most influential factor on surgical results was the extent to which the tumour had invaded the brain stem. The presence or absence of arterial encasement and of peritumoural oedema on MRI were important in the selection for radical surgery.     

Transnasal endoscopic resection of lesions of the clivus: a preliminary report

OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with transnasal endoscopic resection of clival lesions. BACKGROUND: Because of the surrounding vital structures and the difficulties in achieving wide surgical exposure, the treatment of clival lesions is challenging. In an effort to overcome these obstacles, many centers use facial incisions and osteotomies to approach clival lesions. Minimally invasive endoscopic techniques have the potential to minimize morbidity while yielding similar surgical results. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with tumors involving the clivus that underwent endoscopic resection between 2000 and 2004 were identified. Charts were reviewed for clinical characteristics, previous therapies, diagnosis, tumor extent, management modalities, length of hospital stay, complications, and outcome. RESULTS: A total of six patients were identified. There were four males and two females with a mean age of 50 years, ranging from 29 to 66 years. The most common presenting symptoms were visual disturbances. Three patients had prior craniotomy with subtotal tumor resection. The pathology included three clival chordomas, and one each of meningioma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma. All patients were managed with computer-aided transnasal endoscopic tumor resection with neurosurgical standby or involvement. None of the patients required additional craniotomies. The mean follow-up was 13 (range, 8-24) months. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy was used in three patients, and two patients are currently undergoing proton beam radiation therapy (PBRT). The average length of hospital stay was 2 (range, 2-3) days. There were no major postoperative complications. At the last follow-up, five patients were alive with two patients being free of disease. Two patients with residual disease are currently undergoing PBRT, and one patient developed distant metastasis. One patient died of unrelated causes. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary report suggests that transnasal endoscopic management of clival lesions is a viable option to traditional open approaches with acceptable morbidity and mortality. The use of computer-aided surgery further minimizes surgical risks while maximizing tumor resection.     

An anthropometric study of relationships between the clival angle and craniofacial measurements in adult human skulls

Stating background The clival angle, between the ethmoidal plane and the clival plane, measures the cranial base angulation. Relations between cranial base angulation and facial patterns have been discussed and present contradictory evidence. The aim of this study is to determine whether correlations could be found between the clival angle and craniofacial measurements.Methods This study was carried out on a sample of 235 human skulls. Twenty landmarks were marked. The clival angle and 16 other variables were measured and compared using analysis of variance.Results Statistical analysis showed a relationship between the clival angle and six measurements (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the clival angle and the cranial lengths, the nasomaxillary sagittal measurements and palatal length but the width of the foramen magnum had a negative correlation. No significant relationship was found between the clival angle and the cranial height and widths, the palatal width, the length of the foramen magnum and the mandibular measurements.Conclusions The trends found in this study with regard to the craniofacial lengths show that the nasomaxillary complex in humans has a stable position lying beneath the anterior cranial base. Transversal, vertical and mandibular variables have a more independent relationship.     

Transoral transpalatal removal of a giant premesencephalic clivus chordoma

Summary Due to their surgical inaccessibility and resistance to radiotherapy, clivus chordomas represent a formidable therapeutic challenge. The transoral approach to chordomas of the clivus has been usually restricted to relatively small or midsized neoplasms, located at the lower end of the clivus or at the anterior clival-cervical junction. In this report the transoral transpalatal transclival removal of a giant recurrent chordoma occupying the whole length of the clivus with considerable premesencephalic extension and brain stem compression is described. Regression of preoperative symtoms without additional postoperative morbidity could be achieved by radical transoral tumour extirpation documented by magnetic resonance imaging.     

扩大经蝶进路斜坡肿瘤切除术1例并文献复习

目的：为临床开展扩大经蝶进路处理斜坡病变提供临床经验。方法和结果：复习扩大经蝶手术入路的解剖文献，经临床应用该入路并取得成功。结论：了解鼻中隔、蝶窦的解剖及恰当处理斜坡骨质是手术成功的关键。     

Fracture of the clivus as an unusual complication of LeFort I osteotomy: case report

LeFort I osteotomy is a standard technique for the surgical correction of dentofacial deformities. Despite its low morbidity, it can lead to various complications at the base of the skull. We report the case of a fractured clivus as an unusual complication.