Calcium-binding proteins in the circadian centers of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) brains

The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) are considered to be the main centers of the mammalian circadian timing system. In primates, the IGL is included as part of the pregeniculate nucleus (PGN), a cell group located mediodorsally to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. This work was carried out to comparatively evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin D-28k (CB), parvalbumin (PV), and calretinin (CR) into the circadian brain districts of the common marmoset and the rock cavy. In both species, although no fibers, terminals or perikarya showed PV-immunoreaction (IR) into the SCN, CB-IR perikarya labeling was detected throughout the SCN rostrocaudal extent, seeming to delimit its cytoarchitectonic borders. CR-IR perikarya and neuropil were noticed into the ventral and dorsal portions of the SCN, lacking immunoreactivity in the central core of the marmoset and filling the entire nucleus in the rock cavy. The PGN of the marmoset presented a significant number of CB-, PV-, and CR-IR perikarya throughout the nucleus. The IGL of the rocky cavy exhibited a prominent CB- and CR-IR neuropil, showing similarity to the pattern found in other rodents.By comparing with literature data from other mammals, the results of the present study suggest that CB, PV, and CR are differentially distributed into the SCN and IGL among species. They may act either in concert or in a complementary manner in the SCN and IGL, so as to participate in specific aspects of the circadian regulation.     

高血压病合并2型糖尿病患者动态血压变异与靶器官损害的关系

 目的探讨高血压病合并2型糖尿病患者的动态血压变异与靶器官损害的关系.方法对40例高血压及糖尿病患者、45例单纯高血压病患者行24 h动态血压监测.以24 h血压、收缩压及舒张压负荷、血压昼夜节律为监测指标.结果两组的nSBP、dSL、nSL及血压昼夜节律比较,均有差异(P＜0.05).结论血压及其昼夜节律与靶器官损害有关.     

褪黑素与抑郁症关系的研究进展

褪黑素是人脑松果体分泌的一种吲哚类激素.研究显示褪黑素对昼夜节律、睡眠、社会行为等方面有影响.抑郁症患者大多存在睡眠障碍和昼夜节律紊乱,有研究证实褪黑素可改善抑郁症患者的这些症状,提示褪黑素对抑郁症有潜在的治疗作用.现对近年来褪黑素与抑郁症和昼夜节律之间关系的研究新进展进行综述.     

Impact of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy on Phonological Processing and Reading: A Case Study of Identical Twins

In order to evaluate the possible consequences of temporal lobe epilepsy on reading acquisition, we first compared the reading skills and phonological awareness abilities in a set of 13-year-old identical twins, one of whom is affected by temporal lobe epilepsy (LB). We then compared their performances to those of an age- and IQ-matched control group. Both siblings have an intellectual quotient above average as well as normal memory and linguistic abilities. Results showed that the reading age of LB (assessed by the Lefabvrais French reading test) was more than two years behind expectations whereas that of her sister was above average. Further, in contrast to her sister and healthy control subjects, LB exhibited specific deficits in elaborate metaphonological awareness abilities (non-word repetition, rhyme production, phonemic segmentation and syllabic inversion). These could be linked to temporal lobe dysfunction, thus confirming the important role of the temporal lobes in reading acquisition.     

缺血性卒中合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对血压节律影响的临床研究

目的 探讨缺血性卒中合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)对血压节律的影响,从而更好地控制血压、预防脑卒中.方法 选择符合纳入条件的受试者分为缺血性卒中合并OSAS组(合并症组)、缺血性卒中组和正常对照组,经详细询问病史、影像学检查、血压和多导睡眠图监测,评价高血压患病率以及睡前和晨起血压水平.结果 (1)合并症组和缺血性卒中组患者高血压和难治性高血压患病率(P=0.000,0.000)均高于对照组,其中缺血性卒中组以收缩压升高为主(P=0.000,0.002)、合并症组以舒张压升高为主(P=0.002,0.042),两组收缩压和舒张压均升高的患病率均高于对照组(P=0.000,0.045).(2)合并症组患者睡前和晨起高血压患病率均高于对照组(P=0.000,0.000),且晨起高血压患病率高于缺血性卒中组(P=0.000);而缺血性卒中组仅睡前高血压患病率高于对照组(P=0.002).(3)合并症组和缺血性卒中组患者睡前(P=0.000,0.020)和晨起(P=0.000,0.004)收缩压均高于对照组,合并症组患者睡前(P=0.000,0.000)和晨起(P=0.000,0.000)舒张压则分别高于缺血性卒中组和对照组;仅合并症组患者睡前和晨起舒张压之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 缺血性卒中患者以单纯收缩压升高为主要表现,合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征后则易导致收缩压和舒张压同时升高,使血压昼夜节律发生变化.     

正常小鼠胃肠运动昼夜节律及药物作用的影响

目的：观察小鼠胃肠运动昼夜节律及药物对节律的影响。方法：小鼠不同时间点灌胃给予蒸馏水及实验药物，同步测定胃排空及小肠推进运动情况。结果：小鼠胃排空及小肠推进运动存在昼夜节律；普瑞博思促进胃肠运动存在时间效应，但对节律无明显影响；阿托品抑制胃肠运动可使原有昼夜节律消失。结论：小鼠胃肠运动功能存在昼夜节律，药物对胃肠运动功能的作用存在时间效应，可使节律发生不同变化。     

轻度认知损害患者昼夜静息-活动和睡眠-觉醒节律研究

目的研究轻度认知损害（MCI）患者昼夜静息-活动和睡眠-觉醒节律的改变。方法使用静息-活动监测仪和睡眠日志研究MCI患者（MCI组）和年龄匹配的健康老年人（对照组）在自然环境下的睡眠与活动情况。结果MCI组的床上时间比对照组显著延长（P〈0．01）,但实际睡眠时间并无延长;MCI组的睡眠效益比对照组显著下降,睡眠潜伏期延长;MCI组夜间觉醒次数增加,节律破碎指数明显增高。与对照组相比,MCI组的夜间活动量明显增加（P〈0．05）,而昼夜静息-活动节律的昼夜稳定指数、昼间变异指数和活动节律振幅两组无显著性差异。结论MCI患者的昼夜静息-活动和睡眠-觉醒节律较健康老年人衰弱,并且破碎性增加。