分级预防对慢性苯中毒患者医院感染控制的效果

目的 探讨分级预防在慢性苯中毒患者医院感染控制中的效果。 方法 对2014年7月-2016年6月住院的慢性苯中毒患者进行风险评估,随机选取实验组和对照组各36例,实验组采取分级预防措施进行医院感染控制;对照组使用职业病常规护理措施,比较2组医院感染率。结果 实验组医院感染率为11.11%,对照组感染率为30.56%,实验组医院感染率低于对照组(χ²=4.126,P=0.042)。 结论 分级预防针对性强,可降低慢性苯中毒患者的医院感染率,为科学管理和控制医院感染提供依据。     

Prediction of Tubulointerstitial Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease Using a Non-Invasive Model: Combination of Renal Sonography and Laboratory Biomarkers

The goal of the study described here was to evaluate the degree of tubulointerstitial injury in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using a more accurate model that combines renal sonographic parameters and laboratory biomarkers. A total of 308 patients were enrolled. The study protocol included conventional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and renal biopsy. CKD patients were divided into normal and mild (≤25%), moderate (26%–50%) and severe (>50%) tubulointerstitial injury groups. We created a model comprising peak intensity, time to peak, urinary retinol-binding protein and β₂-microglobulin that could discriminate severe (>50%) tubulointerstitial injury. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of this model was 0.832, which had better accuracy than other individual indexes, and the sensitivity and specificity were 74.2% and 82.8%, respectively. Therefore, this model may be used to evaluate the severity of tubulointerstitial injury and may have the potential to serve as an effective auxiliary method to help nephrologists evaluate patients with CKD.     

Autoinjector – A smart device for emergency cum personal therapy

Autoinjectors are self-injectable devices; they are important class of medical devices which can deliver drugs through subcutaneous or intramuscular route. They enclose prefilled syringes or cartridges which are driven by a spring system. The major benefits of this device are easy self-administration, improved patient compliance, reduced anxiety, and dosage accuracy. Immediate treatment during emergency conditions such as anaphylaxis, migraine, and status epilepticus or for chronic conditions like psoriasis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, Reformulation of first-generation biologics, technical advancements, innovative designs, patient compliance, overwhelming interest for self-administration all these made entry of more and more autoinjectors into use. In this review, intensive efforts have been made for exploring the different types of currently available autoinjectors for the management of emergency and chronic diseases.     

Self-management support activities in primary care: A qualitative study to compare provision across common health problems

ObjectiveTo explore the views of primary care teams about the provision of self-management support to patients with common health problems.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-one members of the primary care team from thirteen general practices. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and analysed using the ‘Framework’ approach.ResultsThree categories and six sub-categories illustrating different self-management support activities across common health problems were identified from the analysis of interviews, and contributed to one major theme and one cross-cutting theme. Referral and signposting were frequently used to facilitate patient engagement with external services and resources. Practitioners faced some challenges in balancing medical management and psychosocial support and motivating patients to engage with self-management.ConclusionsPrimary care teams described providing a wide range of self-management support activities, but the pattern of use varied for different types of health problem. These patterns may have been influenced, in part, by general practices focusing upon achieving financially incentivised quality improvement goals.Practice implicationsTo improve self-management support, practitioners need a digital repository of services/resources, motivational interviewing skills, an understanding of the optimum duration and pattern of consultations, and incentivised targets that match a biopsychosocial model of care.     

瑞舒伐他汀对慢性肾病患者抗炎作用的临床观察

目的 探讨瑞舒伐他汀对慢性肾病患者抗炎疗效.方法 选取2009年11月- 2010年12月90例慢性肾病患者,随机分为A、B两组,A组50例,给予瑞舒伐他汀钙10mg/d;B组40例,给予阿托伐他汀钙10mg/d,两组患者的年龄和性别相匹配.分别测定其治疗前及治疗后12周时血白细胞、高敏反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、白介素-6...