白血病相关抑制物对CFU－GM增殖的抑制作用

用半固体双层琼脂培养法，将白血病细胞植入底层，正常ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ植入上层，作白血病细胞与正常ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的共同培养。结果发现，底层琼脂中加入０．５×１０５／ｍｌ的白血病细胞后，上层琼脂中的ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ从对照组的１９３．５下降至１２３．１／１×１０５个骨髓有核细胞（ＢＭＮＣ），加入底层的白血病细胞增加时，ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ生成进行性受抑制，当植入的白血病细胞数达１５×１０５／ｍｌ时，几乎无ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ生成。此抑制作用亦见于白血病细胞的培养上清液中。量－效关系测定发现，正常ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ培养体系中加入１０％的白血病细胞培养上清液时，ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ生成率从对照纪的１１２．２下降到８８．６／１×１０５ＢＭＮＣ，以后抑制效应不再增加。以上结果揭示，白血病细胞对ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的抑制是经某种体液因子实现的。     

Biological characteristics of newly diagnosed poor prognosis acute myelogenous leukemia

A pilot study was conducted of the biological characteristics of the leukemia cells of newly diagnosed patients with poor prognosis acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). This study included measurements of the pretherapy proliferative rate of the leukemia cells in vivo, assessment of differentiation in vivo during remission induction therapy, and the level of expression of the fms, myc, and IL1β genes in pretherapy leukemia cells. Short cell cycle times were characteristic of the best prognostic category and were associated with a rapid reduction in marrow leukemia cells in cytosine arabinoside (araC)-sensitive patients. Expression of c-fms was associated with rapid reduction in marrow leukemia cells during araC therapy and with a successful treatment outcome. Expression of the IL1β gene was associated with short remissions. These studies suggest that when compared to newly diagnosed standard prognosis AML, the leukemia of poor prognosis patients is more likely to exhibit long cell cycle times, low levels of fms expression, and is less likely to be associated with myeloid differentiation during remission induction therapy. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

环孢菌素A阻断人HL－60抗药性细胞于G_1期而诱导敏感细胞凋亡

进一步研究了抗三尖杉酯碱的ＨＬ－６０细胞（ＨＲ２０）抗细胞凋亡的机制及该抗性和抗药性的关系。结果表明，环孢菌素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）２０，１０μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞发生凋亡，而阻断ＨＲ２０细胞于Ｇ＿１期，就不能诱导细胞发生凋亡。低浓度的ＣｓＡ明显增加柔红霉素在ＨＲ２０细胞内的积聚，其逆转抗药性作用与阻断细胞周期运行无关。ＣｓＡ１０μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）处理ＨＲ２０细胞，可引起５０ｋＤａ的蛋白质高度磷酸化。结果提示：环孢菌素Ａ阻断抗三尖杉酯碱的ＨＬ－６０细胞于Ｇ＿１期，而诱导敏感的ＨＬ－６０细胞发生凋亡，其阻断作用与抗药性无关     

Peritoneal Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors with Divergent Differentiation: A Review

Peritoneal desmoplastic small round cell tumors with divergent differentiation are recently described highly aggressive neoplasms with characteristic clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features. This review covers 38 cases that have been reported in the literature. The average age of patients is 18.4 years, and males are affected twice as frequently as females. Tumors generally present as multiple peritoneal nodules without obvious organ involvement. Histology shows islands of small cells set in dense desmoplastic stroma. Immunohistochemical stains are usually positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, and vimentin. Many cases also stain for neuron-specific enolase but rarely for other neuroepithelial markers. Ultrastructural appearances range from undifferentiated small cells to larger epithelial elements. Paranuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments are characteristic. Dense-core granules and other neuroendocrine features have been described in a minority of cases. Some tumors respond to chemotherapy, but most patients die within months to a few years. The histogenesis of these tumors is uncertain.     

IgA肾病和非IgA系膜增殖性肾小球肾炎抗内皮细胞抗体的检测

对１２７例ＩｇＡ肾病（ＩｇＡＮ）患者和２５例非ＩｇＡ系膜增殖性肾炎血清进行了抗内皮细胞抗体ＡＥＣＡ的检测。结果表明：ＩｇＡ肾病患者和非ＩｇＡ系膜增殖性肾炎患者血清ＡＥＣＡ－ＩｇＧ较正常对照组高，而ＩｇＡＮ患者较非ＩｇＡ系膜增殖性肾炎患者ＡＥＣＡ－ＩｇＧ的水平高，Ｐ〈０．０５。ＩｇＡＮ患者的ＡＥＣＡ－ＩｇＡ水平较正常对照组高。ＩｇＡＮ患者按ＡＥＣＡ水平分为阳性与阴性组，对两组硬化面积比进行比较，未见     

An evaluation of the CELL-DYN 1700® haematology analyser: automated cell counting and three-part leucocyte differentiation

The performance of the CELL-DYN 1700® (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA) was evaluated in a tertiary care hospital laboratory using the guidelines proposed by the German Society of Clinical Chemistry. Precision, accuracy, linearity, background counts, and carry-over were satisfactory for all measured standard parameters including haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cell count and platelet count. With 259 selected normal and abnormal blood samples the results of the CELL-DYN 1700® (CD1700) compared very well (r > 0.96 for all parameters with exception of RDW) with those obtained with the Bayer Diagnostic H-1 and the Hoffmann-La Roche Cobas Argos systems. This study considered in particular the performance of the CD1700 three-part leucocyte differential. For those samples without instrument-generated suspect flags, the neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages were highly correlated with the results of the H-1 blood cell counter (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively) and with manual 400-cell differentials (r = 0.91 and 0.88, respectively). In contrast, the CD1700 mid-fraction which comprised the composite total of mono cytes, eosinophils, basophils and precursor white cells (when present) could not be directly compared to the differentials from the H-1 system or from manual microscopy. For those samples with CD1700 instrument suspect flags, the neutrophil and lymphocyte differential results also compared well with both the H-1 (r = 0.93 and 0.93, respectively) and manual estimates (r = 0.89 and 0.87, respectively). In conclusion, the CD1700 is an accurate haematology analyser for cellular blood counts and three-part leucocyte differentiation.     

Neuropathology in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected drug addicts: hypoxic brain damage after chronic intravenous drug abuse

Neuropathological studies were carried out on 180 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative intravenous drug addicts. The findings in victims of acute heroin intoxication (n = 116) were congestion (99.1%), capillary engorgement (68.1%), and/or perivascular bleeding (68.1%) – hemodynamic processes attributable to toxic primary respiratory failure. In a high percentage of these cases (88%), cerebral edema was also present. In 18 cases of acute heroin intoxication who survived for periods of hours or days, the sole postmortem finding was ischemic nerve cell damage, resembling that typically seen in systemic hypoxia. Semiquantitative analysis revealed nerve cell loss in the hippocampal formation and/ or Purkinje cell layer in 26% of the 162 chronic drug abusers. By contrast, in nearly 80% of these cases, the hippocampus showed enhanced expression of glial fibrillary acid protein by astrocytes and/or a proliferation of microglia, demonstrated by CD68 expression. Since such reactive processes are produced by primary neuronal damage, it can be assumed that chronic intravenous drug abuse results in obviously ischemic nerve cell loss. This could be demonstrated in the hippocampus, but it must also occur throughout the whole brain. The demonstration of ischemic nerve cell damage and neuronal loss or secondary reactive alterations has not been described previously. Received: 31 March 1995 / Revised, accepted: 27 November 1995     

肾病患儿免疫细胞对肾小球上皮细胞合成基质的影响

目的为了明确免疫细胞对肾小球上皮细胞（ｇｌｏｍｅｒｕｌａｒｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌＧＥＣ）合成功能的直接作用。方法应用肾小球细胞体外培养，同位素掺入及放射免疫技术，以总胶原，层粘连蛋白，Ⅲ型前胶原及Ⅳ型胶原的合成为观察指标，动态研究了不同病理类型原发性肾病综合征（ＩＮＳ）患儿外周血单个核细胞（ｐｅｒｉｐｈｅｒａｌｂｌｏｏｄｍｏｎｏｎｕｃｌｅａｒｃｅｌＰＢＭＣ）对ＧＥＣ生物功能的影响。结果（１）肾病极期未经激素治疗组（未治组）ＰＢＭＣ上清明显促进了ＧＥＣ合成层粘连蛋白；（２）未治ＰＢＭＣ上清抑制了ＧＥＣ合成总胶原；（３）未治组ＰＢＭＣ上清促进了Ⅲ型前胶原的合成，而对Ⅳ型胶原的合成无明显影响；（４）肾病患儿ＰＢＭＣ的上述作用与是否足量激素治疗有关，而与尿蛋白能否阴转、肾组织病理类型、肾病临床类型等无直线相关关系。结论原发性肾病患儿循环免疫细胞可影响ＧＥＣ合成细胞外基质的功能。免疫细胞的这种活性可被激素治疗改变。     

Kupffer cell activation in the survival discrepancy between liver grafts from enterally and parenterally fed donors

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the effects of differences in the route of nutritional support of the donor on cold ischemia/reperfusion injury. Participation of Kupffer cells in these effects, based on the analysis of hepatic energy metabolism in early phases of reperfusion was also investigated. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed between Large-White pigs weighing 20–30 kg after a 4-h cold preservation of the graft in Euro-Collins solution at 4°C. One group was fed orally with a standard laboratory diet (FED group, n = 5), a second group was fasted and given 20% glucose intravenously (12 kJ/kg per day) (PEF group, n = 5), and a third group was fed orally with a standard laboratory diet and given GdCI₃ (10 mg/kg) intravenously 24 h before operation (FEDGD group, n = 5). These treatments were given for 7 days prior to harvesting. The survival time was significantly longer in the PEF (34.8 ± 5.5 days) and FEDGD (28.0 ± 11.9 days) groups than in the FED (9.8 ± 2.0 days) group ( P < 0.05). The serum hyaluronic acid elimination rate determined from 1 to 2 h after reperfusion was significantly lower in the FED group than in the other two groups ( P < 0.001). The glycogen content of the livers 1 h after reperfusion in all three groups had been consumed rapidly, but the ATP content of the livers was significantly reduced in the FED group alone ( P < 0.01). Hepatic FFA clearance (C_FFA) was moderately increased in all three groups in the early phase after reperfusion, but it was higher in the FED group than in the other two groups, with significant differences 1 and 2 h after reperfusion ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, parenteral nutrition of the donors reduced cold ischemia/reperfusion injury which is related to Kupffer cell activation and, thus, was better than enteral nutrition for donor management.