广枣总黄酮对阿霉索引起大鼠心肌过氧化损伤的保护作用

目的　通过广枣总黄酮 (TFCA)对阿霉素 (ADR)引起大鼠心肌过氧化损伤保护作用的研究 ,进一步证实广枣疗效可能与 TFCA抗氧化作用有关。方法　动物分为空白组、ADR组和实验组 (ADR TFCA10 0 ,15 0 ,2 0 0mg/ kg组 )。以“心酶谱”、抗氧化酶做为检测指标。结果　 ADR组心酶谱、MDA均比空白组高 ,而抗氧化酶活性均比空白组低。TFCA干预后“心酶谱”、MDA下降 ,抗氧化酶活性上升。结论　 TFCA能抑制 ADR所引起大鼠心肌过氧化损伤     

Studies of HBV replication during acute hepatitis followed by recovery and acute hepatitis progressing to chronic disease

The serologic and viral profiles of 24 patients who presented with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied. Although in rare cases, HBV-DNA was detectable before hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg), in the majority the viral proteins appeared first. In acute hepatitis followed by recovery, as IgM anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antigen) titres rose, the level of HBV replication fell and serum transaminases became elevated. In patients progressing to chronic HBV infection, IgM anti-HBc titres rose early, viral replication was initially low but continued to rise as the serum transaminase levels became elevated. 7S IgM anti-HBc, although present in the phase of established chronic HBV infection, was not found in the early phase of the chronic infection. Thus this antibody appears to be a consequence of, rather than a causative factor in, chronic HBV infection.     

Mechanical properties of resin-based cements with different dispensing and mixing methods

Statement of problem

Resin-based cements are frequently used in clinical practice. To reduce time and technique sensitivity, manufacturers have introduced the same brand of cement with different dispensing methods. The effect of this change on properties of the cement is unknown.

Echocardiographic studies of left ventricular wall motion and dimensions after valvular heart surgery

Echocardiograms obtained from 50 patients after valvular heart surgery (in 33 cases within 2 months of the procedure) were examined to study patterns of interventricular septal motion and left ventricular dimensional changes. Preoperative echograms were available in 28 cases. Before and after mitral commissurotomy septal motion and left ventricular diameters as well as the percent systolic shortening of the echocardiographic transverse axis were within normal limits. Before operation, aortic and mitral regurgitation were associated with increases in end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, septal motion and percent systolic shortening of the left ventricular diameter. Septal dyssynergy, defined as paradoxical motion or marked hypokinesia, was seen within 2 months of operation in 91 percent of patients after aortic valve replacement and in 42 percent after mitral valve replacement. Of subjects studied more than 2 months postoperatively, none with mitral valve replacement and only 33 percent with aortic valve replacement manifested septal dyssynergy. After valve replacement for aortic or mitral regurgitation there were significant decreases in end-diastolic diameter, septal excursion and total and percent left ventricular systolic shortening. Two subjects not having valve replacement also demonstrated paradoxical septal motion postoperatively. The cause of septal dyssynergy after valvular surgery was not apparent although the use of cardiopulmonary bypass was an essential condition.We conclude that echocardiography can be utilized to follow up changes in left ventricular wall motion and dimensions after surgery for valvular heart disease, and that it may be of value in assessing the early and late postoperative results.     

Lymphocyte subpopulations in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Evidence against a stem cell defect. Transformation response to calcium inophore A23187.

Lymphocytes from a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) of the X-linked adenosine deaminase-positive type were studied in detail. Eighty per cent of peripheral blood cells were positive for surface immunoglobulins, the predominant fluorescence being immunoglobulin G (IgG). Double-labeling experiments showed 30 per cent of cells to be positive for γ and μ; all μ-staining cells also had γ. Few δ-positive cells were found. Both the γ- and μ-bearing cells contained either κ and λ light chains, the ratio of κ to λ being 4:1. These high percentages of immunoglobulin-bearing cells are in contrast to the very low or absent serum immunoglobulin concentrations and suggest failure of differentiation into actively-secreting lymphocytes or plasma cells. No evidence for circulating suppressor cells was found. An unusual subpopulation of B cells, previously termed B₂, predominated in that complement receptors C3b and C3d were absent by EAC and Raji technics.Thymus-derived lymphocytes were absent in this patient, and T-cell functions were severely impaired as measured by skin test anergy, and mitogen and allogeneic responses in vitro. An increased tridiated thymidine (³H-TdR) incorporation and a normal percentage of cells entering interploid S phase and tetraploid G₂ and M phase of the cell cycle (S-G2-M) (by cytofluorographic analysis) followed the incubation of lymphocytes with calcium ionophore A23187. These membrane findings suggest possible pathogenetic mechanisms for the deficiencies in patients with this specific subset of SCID disease. The absence of a putative endogenous membrane ionophore, a defect in cytoskeleton, for example, a defect in microtubules or microfilaments, or impaired intracellular cyclic nucleotide activation or distribution, or defects in protein phosphorylation or sialation could all explain these observations.     

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Immunologic studies of three generations of a single family.

A family consisting of eight members in three generations (age 10 months to 53 years) affected with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis was studied along with three unaffected relatives. Dermatophytosis, loss of teeth and recurrent viral infections were present in some members. Results of tests for endocrinologic, muscle or liver disease, thymoma, iron deficiency, antitissue antibodies and malabsorption were normal in all patients. Antibody function and levels, B cell counts, serum complement, leukocyte enzymes, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and adherence were normal in all members. Plasma inhibitors to lymphocyte transformation and leukocyte inhibitory factor were not found. No unique HLA haplotype or antigen segregated in this family. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity revealed total cutaneous anergy in three of eight whereas four of the other five had negative lymphocyte transformation and skin tests to Candida but responded normally to other antigens. Leukocyte inhibitory factor was not produced to Candida antigen in all four patients tested. T cell counts were within normal limits in all. Extensive evaluation of all limbs of the immune system in this family revealed a defect in cell-mediated immunity to Candida that appeared to be inherited as a dominant characteristic.     

Effects of aminophylline in the conscious dog after coronary occlusion

The effects of aminophylline were examined in 19 conscious dogs subjected to coronary arterial occlusion. Measurements were made of left ventricular pressure and its first derivative (dP/dt), segment length and the velocity of segment length shortening in normal and severely ischemic zones. Regional blood flow was measured in these zones using the radioactive microsphere technique. Coronary occlusion increased heart rate, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure but did not change left ventricular systolic pressure or dP/dt significantly. It also resulted in increased end-diastolic segment length and reduced segment length shortening (114 ± 6 percent, that is, paradoxical bulging) associated with marked reduction of blood flow to ischemic myocardium. Aminophylline, 1 mg/kg per min for 9 to 15 minutes administered after occlusion, increased heart rate 6 ± 2 beats/min, mean arterial pressure 5 ± 1 mm Hg, left ventricular systolic pressure 9 ± 2 mm Hg and left ventricular dP/dt 670 ± 50 mm Hg/s while reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by 3.4 ± 0.3 mm Hg. In severely ischemic zones aminophylline increased transmural blood flow by 21 ± 8.0 percent (p < 0.02), reduced end-diastolic segment length by 0.23 ± 0.05 mm (p < 0.01) and reduced paradoxical bulging by 0.15 ± 0.06 mm (p < 0.02). Thus, in the presence of coronary arterial occlusion, aminophylline increased mean arterial pressure, left ventricular dP/dt and heart rate while reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In severely ischemic myocardium aminophylline appeared to exert a salutary effect and improved both regional perfusion and function.